Krumboltzs Theory

Krumboltzs Social Learning TheoryG & C 508: Career GuidanceDiscussant:1Krumboltzs Theory: IntroConsidered to be a learning theory Derived from the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura;

Assumes that peoples personalities and behavioral repertoires can be explained most usefully on the basis of their unique learning experiences. (www.ocean.otr.usm.edu/~w313873/PSY714/.../KrumboltzTheoryweb.ppt)2Krumboltzs Theory: IntroConceptualized as one theory with two parts:Part 1: Krumboltzs social learning theory of career decision making.Explains the origins of career choice.Part 2: Krumboltzs learning theory of career counseling.Explains what career counselors can do about many career related problems.3Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM)Designed to address the WHY behind decisions to enter, change, or express interest in educational programs or occupations.Four factors that influence the career decision making:Genetic endowment and special abilitiesEnvironmental conditions and eventsLearning ExperiencesTask Approach skills4Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM).continuationFour Factors that influence career decision making1. Genetic endowment and special abilities Krumboltz recognizes that certain inherited characteristics can be restrictive influences on the individual. Some examples are race, gender and physical appearance.

5Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM).continuationFour Factors that influence career decision making2. Environmental conditions and eventsThis factors include those influences that may lie outside the control of anyone but that may bear on the individual through the environment in which the s/he exists. Some influences may be synthetic, others maybe natural. Examples include: existence of job and training opportunities, social policies and procedures for selecting trainees of workers, community or neighborhood influences, family training experiences, etc. 6Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM).continuationFour Factors that influence career decision making3. Learning ExperiencesAll previous learning experiences influence the individuals educational and career decision making. Krumboltz identified two types of learning experiences: Instrumental learning situations in which the individual acts on the environment to produce certain consequences.Associative learning situations in which individuals learn by reacting to external stimuli, by observing real or fictitious models or by pairing two events in time or location7Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM).continuationFour Factors that influence career decision making4. Task Approach skillsThey are the skills that the individual applies to each new task or problem. Examples include performance standards and values, work habits, perceptual and cognitive processes and so on. The application of these skills affects the outcome of each task or problem and in turn is modified by the results. 8Krumboltzs Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making(SLTCDM).continuationFour Factors that influence career decision makingAs a result of the interaction of the four skills people develop:1) self-observation generalizations2) task approach skills3. actions9Krumboltzs (SLTCDM)..cont1) self-observation generalizationsAre overt or covert self-statement that evaluates ones own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards. The generalization may or may not be accurate, just as ones self-concept may or may not coincide with the concept others have fo an individual. 10Krumboltzs (SLTCDM)..cont2) task approach skills They are thought to be efforts by the person to project into the future self-observation generalizations to make predictions about future events. They include habits, mental sets, perceptual or thought process, performance standards and values and the like. 11Krumboltzs (SLTCDM)..cont3) ActionsActions are implementation of behavior, such as applying for a job or changing a major field of study. The behavior produces certain consequences that affect future behavior.

As a result of learning experiences and the generalizations and skills that develop from them, individuals engage in various behaviors that lead to entry into a career.

12Krumboltzs Learning Theory of Career CounselingDesigned to help career counselors know what to do to help.Career Counseling should proceed with Four thoughts in mind:1) People need to expand their knowledge and skills instead of relying on their status;2) People need to prepare for an occupational landscape that is ever changing;3) People need to be empowered to take action, not merely to be given a diagnosis;4. Career counselors need to play a major role in dealing with all career problems, not just occupational selection.13Krumboltzs Learning Theory of Career CounselingOverall Goal of the Theory: to facilitate the learning of skills, interests, beliefs, values, work habits and personal qualities that enable each client to create a satisfying life within a constantly changing work environment.

14Always keep your options open. Test your dreams one at a time. Create your own good luck, dont wait for it.Take risks, make mistakes.Get the job, learn the skill.Never complete your education; keep learning- John D. Krumboltz, Ph.D., Luck is No Accident

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