kuliah 2 - physical characteristic and conditions of earthmoving

7/25/2019 Kuliah 2 - Physical Characteristic and Conditions of Earthmoving

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Physical haracteristic and

onditions of Earthmoving

Rini Novrianti Sutardjo Tui


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Material Classifications

Top soil Sand Sandy clay Clayey sand

Soft and EasyDigging

Wet and sticky clay Weathered rocks

Medium HardDigging

SlateCompacted materialsSedimentary rocksConglomerateBreccia

Hard Digging

Fresh igneous rocks Fresh metaphoric rocks

Very Hard Diggingand Fresh Rocks


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Material Influences towards Equipments

1

Determiningtypes of

equipments to beused and estimated orcapacity of

production.

3

Estimating working

ability ofequipments basedon materialcharacteristics.

2

Calculating the

volume of work.


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Physical Characteristics of Material

BearingCapacity

SwellingWeight

Form

Hardness

Physical

haracteristics

Concerning characteristics


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Material Swelling

Type of Material Swell Factor (%)

Sand 5

10Top Soil 10 25

Soil 20 45

Clay 30 60

Rock 50 60

BankBank condition is theoriginal condition of material and hasnot been disturbed. It is measured inBank Cubic Meter (BCM).

Loose

Loose conditionis materialcondition after being disturbed. It ismeasured in Loose Cubic Meter(LCM).

Compacted

Compacted condition ismaterial condition after being re-piledup followed by compacting activity. Itis measured in Compacted CubicMeter (CCM).

BCMswellBCMLCM %


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Swell and Shrinkage Factors

Swell Factor Shrinkage Factor

Load Factor

%100

L

LBSw %100

C

BCSh

vL

vB

B

LLF vLLFvB


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Bearing Capacity of Material

GroundPressure

BearingCapacity


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Work Conditions

Accessibility and

transportation

Vegetation

Kind of material and itschange of volume

Climate

Altitude

Time element

Haul roadcondition

Operatingefficiency

Finishingspecifications

Fill specification

Production costs


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kuliah 2 - physical characteristic and conditions of earthmoving

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