APPENDI X A

COM PARATIVE TABLE OF DATES :

WESTERN, JAPANESE, CHINESE, A ND KOREA..!.~

Western Japanes e Chinese Korean

1394 Meiji 27 Kuang-hsU 20 Kojong a

31 1895 28 2 1 32

189 6 29 22 33 or Kon'yangb

1897 30 23 34 or Kwang'mu 1898 31 24 35

1899 32 25 36

1900 33 26 37 1901 34 27 38 1902 35 28 39 1903 36 29 40 1904 37 30 41 1905 38 31 42

1906 39 32 43

1907 40 33 44) d Sunjong 1) or Yung'hi

1908 41 34 2

1909 42 HsUan-t 1ung 1 3

1910 43 2 4

a Kojong is the temple name o f King Yi Hyong (l ate r Yi T' aewang).

b The 33d_year of K ojong is also known as the 1st year of Kon'yang.

c Kojong 34th through 44th years are Cllso known as Kwang-mu 1st through 11 th. This era name was adopted when King Kojong became Emperor.

dIn 1907 King Kojong abdicated in favor of his son Ch'ok , who became Emperor Sunjong. Yung ' hi is the name of his era.

80

.

1 c

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 ll}

1} 2 3 4

I

I l ~

l I 1 l i . ~

'

l

l )

i ~

t t ~ \ <

i I

i J ·

i \

• t

1 i

i l i ; :I

!

.l j ; . \

l

' , I ! ,

Name

.3hirn Sun-t 1aek

Ki:n Hong- jip

Kim Hong-jip

Pak Chong-yang

Kim Hong- jip

Pak Chong-yang

Kim Hong- jip

Pak Chong-yang

Kim Pyong- s i

Yun Yong-son

Kim Pyong-si

Shim Sun-t 1aek

Cho Pyong- ho

Cho Pyong-sik

Yun Yong- son

Cho Pyong-se

Kim Kyu-hong

Yun Yong-son

Kim Klin-myon,g ·

Yun Yong-:-si:>n

K im KUn. -myong

Cho Pyong-ho

Cho P y iSng- sik

Min Yong-hw an

Shi1n Sang-hun

C ho Myong- sik

H a n Kyu -so1

M i n Yong-ch 1ol

APPENDlX J3 .

KOREAN PRIME MINISTERS, 1894 -1 91 0

Date of Appointment Remarks

D ec . 8 , 1885 Chancellor

Jul y 15 , 1394 II

July 23, 1894 Prime Micister

Jan. 21' 1895

Apr. 1895

June 7, 1895

Aug. 24, 1895

Feb. 10, 1896 Temporary (Minister o f Interior)

Feb. 11, 1896

Mar. 20, 1896

Sept. 24, 189 6

July 30, 1897 Acting

Feb. 28 , 1898

Oct. 17' 1898 Acting

Oct. 20, 1898

Nov. 20, 189 8

Dec. 4, 1898

Dec. 6, 18 98

! Jan. 21, 1903

July 12, 190 3 Acci.;]_g !

S ept. 12, 190 3 ·~

Jan. 22, 1904

Mar. 12' 1905

Mar. 26, 1905 Acti!Jg

May 5, 1905 I!

Aug. 19, 190 5 !I

Aug. 27, 1905 I!

Nov . 17, 1905 II

81

Name

Pak Che-sun

Yi Wan-yong

Date of Appointment

Nov. 2 8, 1 9 0 5

May 22 , 1907

82

Remarks

.Acting (Foreign Minister}

Remained in office until the annexation of Korea in Aug1.:s.t . 1910

·,

....

---

APPENDIX C

KOREAN FOREIGN MINISTERS, 1894-1905

Name Date of Appointment Remarks

Cho Pyo:-1g- jik Jan. 2, 18 94 President*

K irn Hak.- c hin Apr . 2 3, 1894 Actin g P re sident

Cho Py<:Sng -jik May 29, 189 4 Preside m:

Kim Ha- jin July 29, 1894 Acting President

Kim Yu..'l- sik Aug. 4, 1894 President

Kim Yun-sik Aug. 23, 1895 Minister of Foreign Affairs**

Yi Wan-yong Feb. 10, 1896 Temporary

Yi \'lan-yong Feb. 12, 1896 lvlin.ister of Foreign Affairs

Ko Y<:Sng-hi Sept. 25, 1896 Acting

Yi Wan-yong Oct. lZ, 1896

Min Chong-muk July 2, 1897 Acting

Cho P y ong -sik Nov. 18, 1897

Min Chong-mul~ Feb. 18, 1898 Acting

Cho Pyl:ing - sik Mar. 29, 1898 II

Yu Ki-'.h \.van May 30, 18 98 II

Yi To- ja.e Aug . 8, 1898 "

Pak C he -sun Aug. 25, 1898 II

Cno Pyong- sik Sept. 2 4 , 1898

* P resi dent of T'ongni kyos<:Sp t'ongsang sarnu amun., the equivalent of th e Chinese T s ungli Yamen.

~'~" In August 1895 this office was r enamed Oemun amtm {Foreign Office ).

83

Name Date of Appointment Remarks ---. Pak Che- sun Oct. 10' 1898

Min Sang - ho Nov . 28, 1898 Acting

Pak Che- sun Dec. 7, 1898

Yi To-jae Mar. 24, 1899

Pak Che-sun Apr. 10' 1899

Min Chong-muk Jan. 1900 Acting

Pak Che-sun Apr. 10' 1900

Cho Py~ng-sik Jan. 30, 1902

Yi To-jae · Dec. 17, 1902 Acting

Yi Chi-yong Aug. 19, 1903 Acting

Yi Ha-y<Sng Apr. 2, 1904***

Pak Che-sun Sept. 18, 1905****

*** In August 1904 Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs Yun Ch 1i -ho negotiated and signed the first Japanese-Korean Treaty as Acting Foreign M ini ster.

**** The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was abolished on Novem.be;: 17, 1905 ..

84

~

1

. \ r

-:. -1

APPENDI X D -

KOREAJ'l" REPRESEN TATIVES IN J AP AN, 188 7- 1905

Name Rank Date of Appointment

?viin Y 6ng - jun Mini ster-Re sident July 21' 1887

K im. Ha - jin Charge d'Affaires Oct . 1388

K im Sa-ch 'ISl II Sept. 11, 1893

Yi Jun.-yong Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Nov. 1894?

Ko Y<Sng -hi II July l-895-?

Kim Ha-jin II Sept. 189 5 ?

Yi Ha-y<Sng II Mar. 12, 189 6

C ho P y <Sng-sik II Sept. 5, 1900

S<Sng Ki-un II Dec. 24, 1900

Ko Y<Sng-"P..i II Mar. 9. 1903

C ho Min-hi II Mar. 18, 1904*

* The Korean Legation in Japan was closed in De cembe r 1905 .

85

. Name

Inoue Kaoru

Ito Hirobumi

Okuma Shigenobu

Aoki Shi:izo

Enomoto Takeaki

Mutsu Munemitsu

Saionji Kimmochi

Mutsu Munemitsu

Saionji Kimmochi

Okuma Shigenobu

Nishi Tokujiro

Okuma Shigenobu

Aoki Shuzo

Kato T akaaki

Sone Arasuke

Komura Jutaro

Katsur a Taro

Komura J"Utaro

Katsura Taro

Komura Jutar6

Kat o Takaaki

Saionji Kimmo c hi

Hayashi Tadasu

S aionji Kimmochi

Hayashi T ada su

Terauchi Masatake

Komura Jutar6

Hayashi Tadasu

APPENDIX E

JAPANESE FOREIGN MINISTERS, 1879-1911

Date of Appointment

Sept. 10, 1879

Sept. 17, 1887

Feb. 1, 1888

Dec. 24, 1889

May 29, 1891

Aug. 8, 1892 -.

June 5, 1895

Apr. 3, 1896

May 30, 1896

Sept. 22, 1896

Nov. 6, 1897

June 30, 18 98

Nov, 8, 1898

Oct. 19, 1900

June 2, 1901

Sept. 21' 1901

July 3, 1905

Oct. 18, 1905

Nov. 4, 1905

Jan. 2 , 1906

Jan. 7, 1906

Mar. 3, 1906

May 19, 1906

Aug. 30, 1906

Sept. 18, 1906

July 14, 1908

Aug. 27, 1908

Aug. 30, 1911

8t

Remarks

Conc=rently Prime Minister

Temporary

Concurrently Prime Minister

Temporary , concurrently Prime Minister

.Temporary

Concurrently Prime Minister

Temporary

APPENDIX F

JAPANESE CHIEF REPRESENTATIVES IN KORE_-!·_, :38 0-1910

Name

H anabusa Yoshimoto

T ake z.oe Shin 1 i chi .r6

Kor.C:o Makuwa

Kawakita T os hisuke

Kawakita Toshisuke

Kajiyama Te_isuke

Ois hi Masami

Otor i Keisuke

Inou e Kaoru

Miura Goro

K omura Jutaro

Komura Jutaro

H a r a Satoshi

K a to Masuo

Kato Masuo

Hayashi Gonsuke

Ito Hi robumi

Sone Arasuke

Ter a uchi 1vlasatake

T erauchi Masatake

Note: 1. Benri Koshi 5 . Sotoku

Rank

1 M inis te r Resident

Miniscer .Res.idenc 2

Charge d ' Afia1re s

Charge d'Affaires

Minister Resident

Minister Resident

M inister Resident

Envoy Extraordinar y and 3

Minister Plenipotentiary (Concurrently to China)

Envoy Extraordinary a n d 1v1ini s te r Plenipotentiary

Envoy E xtraordinary and Minister Plenipot ent i a r y

Minister Resident

Envoy Extraordinary and Mini ste r Pl enipotentiary

Envoy Ext r aorcEna:-;.· an d M inis ter Plenipotentiary

Mini ste r Resident

Envoy E xtraordinary and Minister Plenipotenti ary

Envo y Extraordinary and Minister Pleni:?otentiary

. 4 R e s1dent- G e ner al

Resident - General

Resident G eneral 5

Governor -General

2. Da iri Koshi 3. Tokume i Zen:.-e:-. I:-:3shi

87

Date of Appointment

Apr. 17' 188 0

}'; o,,- . 6 , 1882

_.!\u.g . 6, 1887

Dec . 17, 1890

Mar. 10' 1891

Mar.. 24, 1891

D ec. 16, 1892

J uly 26, 189 3

Oct. 15 ' 1894

Aug . 17, 1895

Oct. 17

1395 '

Apr . 8, 1396

June 1 1 ' 189 6

FeD . 2 3, 1897

Nov . 29' 1898

Jlme 1' 1899

Jan . 31, 1906

June 14, 1909

)..lay 30 , 1910

Sept. 30, 1910

4. Tokan

!

APPENDIX G

JAPANESE CONSULS IN KOREA , 1880-1 90 6

Name Rank Dat~ of A?pob.tment

W6nsan Consulate

Mae da Kenki c hi Consul F eb . 21, 1880

Soeda· Setsu II July 31, 1882

Oku Gisei Acting Consul De c. 6, 1884

Watanabe Osamu Vice-Consul Aug. 21, 1886

Hisamizu Sabur6 Acting Consul July 1, 1889

Miyamoto Hi II II May 11, 1892

Nakagawa Tsunejir6 Vice-Consul July 14 , 1893

Uen o Sen'ichi Consul D ec. 23, 1893

Futaguchi Yoshihisa II Fe'::>. 27. 1896

Ogawa Morishige II N o·.· . 21, 1898

Mut6 Seijiro II se~t. 19 , 1899

Segawa Asanoshin II Ju:. ·:~ 8, 1901

Iwasaki Kazuo II May 1902

0Ki Yasunosuke II J uly 2.3, 190 3 ....

SCSnjin Branch

Kubo Shozo Chief July 2.:\. . , 1899

Kawakami T atei chiro II (Later Vice-Consul) Oc!:. ll, 1900

Pusan Cons ul a te

Kondo Makuwa Consul Ap:-. 23, 1880

Miyamoto _Hi II Fep. 1882

88

Name Rank Date of Appo intment

P usan Consulate (cont. )

S oeda S e tsu C onsul J une 1882.

M aeda K erikichi II Aug ; -li38 Z

Miyamoto Hi Ac ting C onsul F e b . 25 , 188 6

Murota Yoshi bumi C onsul Nov. 4, 1886

T a t suta Kaku II Mar. 1890

N a kagawa Tsu nejir6 Vice-Consul M ay 1, 1891

1'v~urota Yoshibum.i Consul July 13 . 1892.

Yamaz a Enjir6 Acting Consul Nov . 7. 1894

K a t6 Masua Consul Nov. 12, 1894

Akizuki Satsuo II Apr . 29, 1896

S akat a J ujir6 Acting Consul M ay 29 , 18 96

S akata Jujir6 Vic e- Consul July 24 , 1896

Ij uin Hikokichi Cons ul Nov . 2, 1896

N os e Tatsugor6 II M ay 1899

Shide har a Kijur6 II S ept. 1901

Ariyos hi Akira II Feb. 190 4

ln,:ho n Consul:l.te

K ondo Makuwa C onsul Apr . 20, 188 2

Sugimura Fukashi Vice -Consul J a n. 11 . 1883

Kobayashi Hashiichi C on ;:;ul .-\?r . 10 , 188 3

Hisamizu Sabur6 Acti ng Consul June 5 , 1885

Suz1..1ki Mits umi C onsul Feb. 6, 1886

Hayashi G onslLl.ce Vice - Consul Dec . 2. 6, 1888

Ito Akisaku Ac ting C onsul Apr. 25 , 1890

Haya shi G onsuke C onsul July 26, 1900

89

N a me Rank Date o: Appointme nt

I nchon Con sulate (c ont. )

Nose T a tsugoro Vice-Consul May 6 1 1892

· Eitaki H is·akichi Acting -Co nsul Oct.· 1 I .1894. ·

Chinda Sutemi Cons ul Jan . 18, 1895

Yamaza Enjiro A c ting Consul M ay 25, 189_5

Hashiguchi Naoemon Consul O ct . 8, 1895

Hagiwara Shuic hi Acting Consul Dec . 28 1 1895

I shi i Kikujir6 Consul O ct . 6, 1896

Shidehara Kijuro Acting Consul Nov. 14, 1898

Ijiiin Hikokichi Consul May 11 1 1899

Ariyoshi Akira Acting Consul Feb. 1901

Kato Motoshiro Consul Aug. 16 , 1901

Seoul Consulate

Shimamura Hisas hi Vice - Consul Oct. 30 , 1884

YUki Akihiko Acting Consul May 16, 1885

Hisamizu Saburo II May 31, 1887

Hashiguchi Naoemon Vice-Consul Aug. 8, 1887

Su gimur a Fukashi C onsul - Nov . I 5, 18 9 1

Uchida Sadatsuchi II Nov. 18 I 18 9 3

Kato Masua II July 8, 189 6

.A..k i z uki Satsuo II Feb. 1897

Shi nobu J ump ei Ac ting C onsul Oct. H , 1899

Yamaza Enjiro C onsul De c . 7, 1899

Mimas u Kumekichi II June 26 , 1900

Chi nnamp 1o Consulate

Ishii K ikuj iro Consul O ct. 4, 18 9 7

90

~·

f

l f i t

l ~

l I I

1 I; i

Rank Da te o: J\u<:Joint ment

C hin:1am.p 1o Cons ulate (cont.)

Oki Yasunosuke Acting C onsul ~o .·. 12 , 1898

. . . N aka yaxna K akichiro C onsul · F e.":-1 . 17 , 190 1

Someya S higeaki Vic e -C onsul

P yongyang H rancb

S hinjo C hief (Later Vice -C o nsul) A u g . 10, 1899

~io~p'o Cons ulate

Hisamizu S abu ro Consul Ocr. 25 , 1397

Morikawa Kishiro II J uly 12 , 1899

Waka m a tsu Tos a buro II J Wle 5, 1902

Kun san Branch

As ayama K enzo Chi e f M 2.y 26 , 1899

T suchiya Kumez o II 190 11.1 9 02?

Yokoda S a b uro II 19 02 /1 903?

N ar ishima Asaichi II 1903/1904?

lvlasan Consulate

K a w a kami T ateichiro Acting C on s u l :\t(Z:. y 22 , 1899

II II ='~ s v . ;1 189 9 . , Nakarr1ura T akashi

S akat a Jujiro II II D e c. 29 , 18 99

Sakata Jujiro Consul A?r .ll, 1900

1v!iura Yagoro II N ov. 4 , 1902

NOTES : Some dates are dat e s of ar rival in Kore a . In some instances n o accur ate date could b e establis;:ec dc: e to t he abse nc e of re co r ds in t he J a p anese Ministry o£ Fore i gn Affai::s.

All J apane se c onsula t es in Korea were closed on J a ::u a::y :1 , 1906.

9 1

i

i ·I ·I

APPENDIX H

OPENING DATES OF KOREAN TH.EATY FORTS

Pusan October 1876

W~nsan April 1880

Inchon (Chemu1p'o) Janu~ry 188 3 ,• ' ..... --- ··-:- . . .

Yang'hwajin (Seoul) August 18 8 3

Ky<Sng 1hling 1887

Chinnarnp.to October 1897

Mokp 1o October 1887

Pyongyang August 18 98

Kunsan May 1899

Mas an May 1899

Songjin June 189 9

Yong1amp 1o August 1906

Ch 1(5ngjin April 1908

Shin1iju Augus t 1910 -~

.'':'J

92

1876

1882

l oB 3

1884

1885

1886

1892.

Feb. 26

May 22

Nov . 26

June 26 July 7 Dec . 4-7

A PPE N DI X I

CHR ONOLOGY, 1876- 19 10

Korean - J apanese Treaty of A1nity (The Kanghwa .Tre aty) · signed.

Korean-Americ an Tr eat y of 1\..mity and Cornmerce {The S hufe l dt Treaty or Chemu l p ' o Treaty ) signe:i a.t Inchon (Chemulp ' o ) .

Korean-German Treaty of r'l..rnity , Commerce, and Naviga tion signed. Korean-Bdtish Treaty of A...-nity, Corrunerce , and Navigation sign e d.

Korean-Italian Treaty of Amity, Commerc e , and Navigat ion signed. Korean-Russian Treaty of Amity and Comme rc e signed. The "Kapsin Incident." Coup d'etat by Pak Yong -hyo, Kim Ok - Kyun and

other progressive s with the cooperation of J apane s e M inister Takezoe. Assassination or wounding of Min Yl:5ng-i.lc , Min Tae-ho and other Min­isters . Establi shment of a new radi c al progressive government under Yi Chae-wtln.

6 Counter-revolution under t he command of YUan Shih- k 1ai . Fall of the

Jan. 9

Apr. 18

May 12

June 4 S ept.

June 23

Mar. 23

28

31

Apr. 12

revolutionary g o vernment. Flight of Japanese Minister Takezoe and m e mbers of the Progressive (or Independent) P ar ty to Inc hon .

The Hans~ng (Seo ul) Treaty signed between J apan and Korea, settling the Japanese property damage claims aris ing from the Kapsin Incident of Dec. 4-7, 1884.

Sino-Japanese (Li-Ito or Tientsin) Convention on Korea signed by Li H ung ­chang and Ito Hirobmni.

British forc es occupie d Port Hamilton (Komundo Island). (Remained u n ­til February 188 1.)

Korean -French Treat y o f Amity , C ommerce, and Navigation s:gned. Se cre t oral agreeme nt regar ding Ko rea between Russ ia and C hin a .

Treaty of Amity, C ommerce , and Navigation between K orea an d Austria..: Hungary signed.

* * 1894

Kim Ok -kylin , accomp a nied by· Hong Chong-u , sailed from Kobe for Shanghai.

Kim Ok -kyi:ln assassinated b y Hong Chong-u in Shanghai . Attempted ass a ssination of P ak Yong- hyo b y Yi ll-sik in T okyo,

Interrogation of Yi ll-sik a nd Pak Yong-hyo by t he T okyo Metr opoli tan P ol i ce .

Hong Chong-u r eturned witP. K1m Ok-kyu ... '1. 1S body to Inchon aboar d t he

9 3

Apr. 12 30

May 6 31 .

June l 2

3 6 7

June 10 12 14 16

21 25

26

27

30

July 3

9

12 20

23

25

26 28

28 -29 31

Aug. l 20 26

Sept. 1 Oct. 15 Nov. 20

Dec. 17

1894 (cont. )

Chinese warship "Wei-ch1ing." lunerican Minister-Resident John M. B. Sill arr ive d in Seoul. The outbreak of the Tonghak Rebellion. (Sporadic riots si:lce autumn 189 3.) Chonju occupied by the Tonghaks. Korean court asked for Chinese military assista.TJ.ce through Yllan Shih-k1ai. Japanese cabinet decided to send one brigade to Korea in case China sends troops

to Korea. Korea officially requested Chinese military ass is tance. China notified Japa·n of sending troops to Korea. Japan notified China of sending troops to Korea. Japanese Minister Otori Keisuke returned to Seoul with a detachment of marines. Chinese expediti onary forces landed at Asan. Korean government demanded the withdrawal of Japanese troops irom Korea. Japanese brigade landed at Inchon .. Japanese Foreign Minister Mutsu Munemitsu

proposed to. the Chinese Minister in Tokyo a joint plan for the suppression of the Tonghak Rebellion and for the implementation of reforms in Korea.

Chinese government rejected the Japanese proposal. Upon the request of the Korean government, the American, British, French, and

Russian Ministers in Seoul urged China and Japan to 'Withdraw simultaneously their troops from Korea.

Japanese Minister to Korea Otori strongly urged the King to carry out internal reforms.

Special instructions from the Japanese Foreign Ministry to Minister Otori to ·pre­pare an appropriate pretext for the beginning of hostilities.

Russian Minister in Tokyo advised Japan to comply with the Korean demand for the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Korea and war::ted that otherwise Japan would assume grave responsibilities.

Qtori presented to the Korean government a plan for administrative reform. American Minister in Tokyo warned Japan not to reject the Korean demand for the

withdrawal of Japanese troops from Korea. U.S. Achniral S. Kerett arrived at Inchon. Otori presented an ultimatum to the Korean government to abrogate Korea 1s tri­

butary relationship to China. The former Korean Regent (Taewongun) took over the gover:unent under Japanese

protection. Kim Hong-jip became Prime Minis·ter . The former Regent demanded the withdrawal of Chinese t::oops from Korea. Japa­

nese fleet clashed with the Chinese fleet near Inchon. Korea nullified all treaties with China.

The "Kap'o Reforms" by Prime Minister Kim Hong-jip. The former Regent restored to the Regency and declared war on China (?). Battle of Song 1hwan and Asan. First Japanese victory. Japan severed diplomatic relations with China. Japan declared war on China. Korean-Japanese preliminary agreement for an alliance signed. Korean-Japanese Offensive-Defensive Alliance signed by Minister Otori and Ko-

rean Foreign Minister K i m Yun-sik. Prince Saionji Kimmochi arrived at Seoul. Japanese Ministe r Inoue Kaoru arrived in Seoul. Minister Inoue presented demands to the Korean governm.ent (later known as "The

Twenty Demands") . Ousting of the Regent. Kim Hong- jip formed a "reform" cabinet. Pak Yong-hyo

appointed Minister of Interior, So Kwang-pom the Minister of J us tice, and Dr. Philip Jaisohn (So Chae-p 1il) Government Advisor. Ad..-:nicistrative reforms in Korea.

94

Jan . 21

Mar . 30

ApT. 17

24 May 14 JLme 7-8 Aug. 24 Sept. I Oct. 8

' ~ J. .)

17 2 1 26

Nov. 28

Dec.

Jan. 1 Feb. 9

10-ll

17 Mar. 5

29

Apr. 7

May 14 16

21 Ju.'"le 3

9

July 3

16 Aug.

Sept. 3

1895

Additional administrativ e reforms in Korea. Pa:,. Chong-·yang ~ecame Prime Minister .

Agreernent for a loan of 3, 000, 000 yen signed ·bet'ween the Korean gove::-nment and the Bank of J apan .

· · The Treaty of S.himonoseki signed. Ch.ina and ! ap2....'1 recognized the complete independence of K orea.

The Tonghak leader C h6 n Pong- jun executed . Overthrow o£ the Kim Hong -jip Cabinet by the pro-Russian faction. Pale Yong-hyo fled to Japan. P a.k Chong-y;;mg forP-:e d a p:-o-R:J.ssian caoinet. Kim Hong-jip reappo int·.::d Prime Minister. Japanese Minister Co u .. '"lt Miura Goro arrive d in Se oul. The "Ulmi Incident." Queen Min assassinated. Tl::e fall of the pro-Russian cab­

inet and the rise of a pro-Japanese faction uncier the Reger:t. Insurrection in Seoul.

lviihtary reforrns in Kor ea. Japanese Minister lvh u ra recall ed to Japan and re?lace d by Komura Jutaro . Inoue Kaoru dispatched to Korea as Special Envoy. Count Miura arreste d and brought to trial for conspiracy in .Korea. Japanese

goverrunent declared a policy of non-interventior: in Korea. Attempted kidnapping of the King by the pro-Russian group under _1\n Ky~ng-su

and Yi P<Sm-jin. Ibyong ("Rigr.teous Army") uprising.

1896

Western Calendar adopted in Korea. Russian Minister Webe r arrived in Seoul accompanied by two hundred Russian

sailors. Yi P<:}m-jin conspiracy. The King and the Cro...,vn Prince fled to the Russian L e­

gation. Pro-Japanese Prime Minister Kim Hong-jip arrested and executed. Kim Bytlng-si formed a new cabinet with Yi Wan-yong as Foreign Minister.

<:5 Yun-jung assassinated. Japanese Prime Minister Ito Hirobumi arrived i::1 Se oul. American financier J a mes R. Morse signed an agreement with the Korean gov ­

ernme nt for the construction of a railroad between S eoul and Inchon. Dr. Philip Jaisohn (So Chae-p 1il) founded Tor:g 1< ? S i:in..'"llu!! (The Inde? endent

News), a Korean-English bilingual newspaper ir: SeouL

Russo-Japanese (Weber-Komura ) agreement on Korea signed in Seoul. J apanese Minister K omura urged the Korean King to return from the Russian

Legation to the Palace. Pak Ytsng-hyo fled to Japan. Russo-Chinese (Li- Lobanov) Treaty; secret military alliance against Japan in

case of the latter 1 s attack on Russia, China or Korea signed in St. Petersburg. Russo- Japane se (Lo banov- Yamagata) agreemc::r on Korea sigr-.ecl i:c St . Peters­

burg. French company Fives Lille obtained a concession for the constr,.1ction of a. rail­

road between Sc:oul and Iju . Japanese Minister Hara Satoshi arrived in Seoul. A Vladivostok me rchant Bryner obtained from the Korean government a timber

c oncession in tl~~ Yalu and Tumen river valleys. (This concession was pur­chased from Br yne r by the Russian Ministr y of hnperi2l Household th::-ough Matiunin and N ep orozhniv in May 1898 .)

J apanese Minister Hara left Korea.

95

Oct. 5

24 Nov. 21

Feb. 20

23 24 27

Mar. 12

Aug. 17 Sept.

Oct. 11

12 16

28

Nov.

4 Dec. 1

16

J a n. -Mar.

Jan. 2 15

Feb.

22 ·Mar.

Mar. 7 12

1896 {cont.)

The Council of State urged the King to return from the Russian Legation to the Palace.

Colonel Putiata and other Russian military personnel arrived in Korea . Construction of the Independence A rc h and publication of T ong 1nip Shirrmun

(The Inde pendence News) by Tae H an Hyopthce.

1897

The King left .the Russian Legation, and took re·sidence at the newly constructed Kyong'un (T6ksu) Palace.

Russo-Korean agreement for the employment of 160 Russian militar y instructors. Japanese Charge d 1 Affaires Kato Masua appointed Minister to Korea. Japan protested against the Russo-Korean agreement for the employment of Rus­

sian military instructors in Korea. Japanese government informed the King of the secret provisions of the Rus so ­

Japanese Agreement of 1896. Proclamation of the new reign name of Kwangmu. A. de Speyer (Shpeer) replaced Weber as Russian Minister. Arrival of Russian

financial adviser K. Alekseev, and Russian military instructors to Korea. The Kingdom of Chason became the Tae Han Empire. The King adopted an Im.:.

perial title. Coronation of Emperor Kojong. Signing of an agreement with Great Britain, United States, Japan, France, Rus- ·

sia, and Germany concerning the opening of Mokp'o and Chinnamp 1o. Korean-Japanese agreement for a loan of l, 000,000 yen for the construction of

a railroad between Seoul and Inchon. (Later abrogated. ) Russian Minister _Speyer succeeded in replacing the British financial adviser

and Chief of Customs Brown by Alekseev. Approval of the R u ss o-Korean Bank charter.

Independence Club banquet incident. Russian fleet arrived at Inchon. Japanese government protested against the appointment of Alekseev.

1898

Anti-Russian agitation by the Independence Club, specifically against Russian ­financial adviser Alekseev and the Russian military instructors.

Ex-Foreign Minister Kim Yurt-sik banished to Chejudo Island. Baron Roman Rosen, Russian Minister in Tokyo, proposed a Russo-Japanese

convention on Korea to Japanese Foreign· Minister Nishi Tokujiro. Japan demanded the transfer of the financ~al advisership in Korea from Russia

_ to Japan. .. ___ _

The death of the former Regent Tae w ongun. Korean government dismissed Alekseev as financial adviser and Chid of Cus­

toms, and restored Brown to his former position after a strong protest by the British Minister in Seoul J. H. Jordan.

Russo - Korean Bank es tablished in Seoul. {Closed shortly afterwards .) Russia demanded Korea's acceptance of Russian aid. Korean government demanded the withdrawal of the Russian milit2.ry mission ·

from Korea. 19 Japanese proposal to Russia to exchange spheres of influ ence (Korea for Man-

churia). 23 Withdrawal of Russian advisers and Russian military mission from Korea.

96

T . 12 25

July 1 1 28

Sept.

8

12

14 Oct. l7-

Nov.2 7 20

Nov. ~

(..0

Jan. 12 Mar . 29

30

May 26

June 2 Jul y 8 Sept . 11 Nov. 14

Feb. 14 M ar . 8 Mar . 18

M ar. 30 May 17 S ummer

O ct . 3

J an. 23

26

!v1ar. 23 29

Apr . 17 20

1898 (cont . )

Speyer resigned as Russian Minister to Korea; replaceci by N. Mc.tiunin. Russo-Japanese (Rosen-Nishi) Agreement on Korea signee. Both ?arties pledged

non-interference in the in"ternal affairs of K orea . :.:­The "Abdic a tion Conspiracy." An Kyon.g- su fled to J apan. Princ e Heinric·h of Prussia·visi.t e s:l Korea . Ne gotiations b'etween J ames R. Morse and a Jap·a:~es·e firm·for ·t r:e sale of Seoul­

Inchon railroad concession. Kor ean- Japanese agreement for the con:;;truc tion of a railroad bet'.veen Seoul and

Pusan signed. · A pro-Russian Korean Kim Hong-yuk att e mpted to poi·son· the Em:Jeror and the

Crown Prince. P ak Yong-hyo returned to K orea . Clashes bet ween members of Tong 1nip Hyop 1h oe ( The bdependence Club) and

Hwangguk Hyop 1 hoe (T he Imperial Association) . Manminhoe (The All Pe ople's Assembly ) o rganized by the Independence Club . The L'ldependence Club and ;;he Imperial As sociation diss olved 0y Imperial decr ee.

1899

Russian Minister to Korea P avlov arrive d. C ount Henry Keyserling, a R u ssian, secured a whaling concession. A British M.P. Pritchard-Morgan appo inted Honorary Korean Consul-General

in London. The " Streetcar Incident" in S eoul . Rioting against the Korean A<nerican E lectric

C ompany. Signing of foreign settlement regulations for Masan, Kunsan and Songjin. P rince Heinrich of Prussia v isited Korea. Korean- Chinese C ommercial Treaty signed. Japanese Ministe r Hayashi Gonsuke arrived.

1900

G ranting of a whaling concession to J apan . Will iam H. Stevens appointed Honorary Korean Consul- G eneral in New York. J apanese Minister Hayashi p rote sted against Korea 1 s lea se of land to R uss ia in

Masan and demanded lease of l a nd on Kojedo Island in Chin 1hae Bay for J apan. Korean-Russian secret treaty for the lease o f l and in lviasan. An Kyong- su and others sentenced to death. J apanese Minister to Russia b egan negotiations for the revision of Russo- J apanese

agreement s on Korea of 1896 and 1898. Kor ean -Japanese Suppl ementary Fisheries Convention signed.

190 1

J apan refused to consider the Russi an proposal for the neutra:ization of Korea U-TJ.til the w ithdrawal of Russian t roops from Manchuria.

The Chinese Minister in Seoul protested t he violation of Korea.n-Manchurian boundary b y the Korean A rm y.

Kor ean-B e lgian Treaty of ivnity, C ommerce, and Navigation signed. Russian warships arrived in Inchon Bay. Korean- French Postal Agreement signed. J apanese Minister Hayashi demanded the rights for the const ruction of teleg raph

lines and submarine cables betwee n Pusan and !vfasan. (Previously, R ussia

97

July 23 Aug. 8 Sept. 6

O l:t. 8 Nov . 14

15 30

Dec. 4

13

23 31

Jan. 11 30

Feb. 26 Mar. 12

23 Apr. 24 May 17

20 June 25 July 15

Jan. 7

Feb. 3 13

16

17 20

25 Mar. 26 Apr . 21

June 10 July 3

20

22

1901 (cont.)

had obtained the right to construct telegraph lines bet-:.een Seoul and Vladivos­tok.)

National Grain Law, prohibiting export of grain to Japan proclaimed. Japan protested against the Korean Grain Law.

·A loan contract·for 50·0, OOG yen signed betw~e·n the·First Ban...'<. of Tokyo (Daiichi. G inko) and the Kore an government.

Korea rejected a Russian request for telegraph line conce ssions. Italian Legation in Korea ope ne d. Grain laws repealed. The meeting between Ito Hirobumi and Russian Foreign Ministe r Lamsdorf. Ito

proposed that Russia recognize Korea to be in the Japa.:u.ese sphere of influence. Ito presented to Russian Foreign Minister Lamsdorf a dra:t of a Russo-Japanese

agreement on Korea. Lamsdor£ proposed certain restrictions on Japanese acti·r i ty in Korea (Russian

agreement before Japan could disp a tch troops to Korea, etc.). Breakdown of Russo-Japanese negotiations. Revision of Korean Customs L a w.

1902

Indictment of E. T. Bethell of the Korea Daily News. Signing of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Great Britain recognized the independ­

ence of Korea and Japanes e special interests there. Korean government rejected a French loan proposal. The French Minister in Seoul protested aga1nst the rejection of a French loan

proposal. Daiichi Ginko 1 s one yen note recognized as legal tender m Korea. Construction began on a railroad between Seoul a n d Shin'I.ju. Japanese-Korean agreement concerning the Japanese settlement at Masan. Daiichi Ginko circulated demand drafts in Kore a . Anti-Japanese uprisings in the Cholla Provinces. Korean-Danish Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation signed.

1903

Korean government banned the circulation of D a ii chi Gin.:~o notes in Korea. The second ban on the circulation of Daiichi Ginko notes in Korea. Korean government repealed t he ban on the circulation o:i Dailchi Gin..K:o notes in

Korea. Russian Charge d'Affaire-s E. Stein requested the Korean government for a rail­

road concession between Seoul and Shin'iju. The Belgian Consul requested mining c oncessions. Korean government rejected the Russian request for a r ailroad concession be-

tween Seoul and Shin 1iju. Merger of the Seoul-Inchon and the Seoul-Pusan railroad companies. Bank of Korea charter issued. Russ ian troops occupied Yong 1amp 1b . R ussian Tirnber C 0mpany established at

Yong'amp'o. Anti-Japanese riots. Japanese Minister Hayashi Gons uke strongly protested against the anti- Japanese

riots. Timber concession granted to a Russian compa::1y. Korean-Russian agreement

ori. the lease of l a nd in Yong 'amp 1o. Korean government requeste d Japan to remove the telegraph lines between Seoul

98

Aug. 1 l 19 2 1 Z.b

Oct. 3

17 Nov. 1

17

Jan . 9 23

Feb. 6 8

9 10 ll 23

Mar , 3 10 17 23

Apr. 14 .May 18 July 23 A u g.

20

22

23 S ept. 6

17 26

Oct. 17 Nov. 1 D ec . 20

J an . 25

l 903 (cont.)

and Pusan. J apanese Minis ter -Hayashi p rotested against Russian lease of land 1n Yo:::g'amp'o . Russian l ea se o f land in Yong 1a .mp 1o cancelled. New Russian proposal for t he lease of land i n Yong'amp'o. :Minister Hay'ashi protested again-st Russian l ease o: la:1d i n Yong 1amp 1o. Russ 1an Minister in Tokyo Rosen reopened negotiations \vith J a9a:1ese Fo rei g!l

lv1inis ter Komura. Russia prohibited the entry of Japanese nationals into Yong'amp ' o . Clash between Japanese an d Russians at Inchon Korean atternpts to make Yong ' amp'o an ope n port £ailed due to Russian objection.

1 904

Russian rnarines ente r ed Seoul. Kore a decla red neutrality in case o£ a war oetween ~ussia and Japan . Rosen-Kom u ra negotiations broke down. Russo-Japanese diplomati c relations severed. Jaoanese fl eet sap_k three R us-

sian warships in Inchon Bay. Japanese expeditionary force entered Seoul. Japan declared war on Russia. Rus sia n Ministe r Pavlov left Seoul. Japanese-Korean Protocol signed by J apanese Minister H a yashi and Acting For-

eign Minister Yi Chi-yong. Anti-Ja panese riot in Seoul against the Protocol signed on Feb. 2 3. J apanese-Korean agreem e nt on the Seoul-Iju railroad signed. Ito Hirobumi, Japanese Spec i a l E nvoy to Korea arrived. Kor ea granted to Japan additional fishery rights . Y o ng 'arnp'o became an open

p o rt to all foreigners . The Ky~ng 1 un Palace burned down b y ar sonists. Kore a abrogated all treaties with Russia. 10 ,000,000 yen Japane se loan to Kor e a. llchin 'hoe party organized under the leader ship of Song Pyb'ng-jun, Y u.c< S hi-hyon,

and Son Byl:5ng-hi. The party advocated the estc.bl ish.rnent of a J apa_:: ese pro ­t ectorate over Korea.

J apanese-Korean Convention concerning the employn1ent of Japanese advisers by the Korean government .

Japanes e-Kore a n Tr eaty ( first treaty of prot ectio;:-:). Japan obtained ?ar t ial con -t ro l over Kor ean foreign r e l ations and financ es .

Korean Army r educed in force . Kankoku Kog y o Kaisha (Korean Industrial Company) established in T okyo. Mekada T a netaro appointed Financial Adviser to the Korean go vernment. J apane se Minister in L ondon H aya shi Tadasu ·secu::- ed British underst:::>ndi ng o f

the Japanese takeover of Korean foreign affairs . J apanese Comn1ander of the Korean Army G eneral Hasegawa Yoshimichi a,rrived . Section s of the S eoul-Pusan R ailr oad opene d. Upo n Japanese r ecommendation, Durha m Whit e S tevens, an .?.Jneric an , appointed

by the Korean Foreign Office as Adviser .

1905

J apane se M iniste r in Washington Takahira Kogoro approached Pres icent Roose-velt in c onn ection with J apanese p l ans in K orea an d ~,fan ci:uria aher the ·war .

29 The Seoul Offi ce of D a 1ic hi Ginko became t he C e::tral Bank of K orea .

99

Apr. l

May 25 June 6 July 2

29

Aug. 13 25

31 Sept. 5

Oct. 5 N ov. 6

9 17

24 25

29

Dec. 1 20 21

Jan. 31 Feb. 1

7 Mar.

2 Apr. 17 M ay 17

July 12 Aug. 4

7 Oct. 19

Nov . 28

1905 ( cont. )

Japanese-Korean agreement on communications s i g'-ed. Japan secured control over the Korean communications system.

Completion of the Seoul-Pusan Railroad. The opening of the Masan Railroad. Transfer o£ the Korean corn:munications system to Japan completed. Taft-Kats ura Agreement. United States recognized Japa:::.ese suzerainty over

Korea . Japanese - Korean agreement on coastal and inland navigation signed. Renewal o f the Anglo- Japanese Alliance. Great Britain recogni:?ed Korea to be

exclu sively within the J apanese sphere of inil.u ence . British C hief of Korean Customs J. M. Brown res i gn ed. Treaty of Portsmouth b etween Russia and Japan. Russia recognized Korea to be

entirely in the Japanese sphere of influence. Japan took over Korean Customs Service . Yi Yong- g u and other Ilchin'hoe Party leaders acivocated Japanese protectorate

over Korea. . '" .':. Special Envoy Ito Hiroburni arrived. · Signing of the Japanese-Korean Treaty. (second treaty o f protection). Establish­

ment o f Japanese protectorate over Korea. Japan too~ over Korea's foreign re l ations. A Japanese Resident-general to be appointed.

Withdrawal o f the United States Legation in Korea. American Charge d'Affaires in Tokyo notified the Japanese goverrunent that all

matters relating to Korea will be handled by the American Legation in Tokyo. Former Ministers Min YCSng-hwan, Cho PyCSng-se and others committed suicide

in protest against the second Japanese-Korean Treaty . Popular uprising in Korea.

The opening of the Seoul-Shin 1iju Railroad Tokanfu (The Residency-General) established. Ito Hiroburni appointed first Resident-General.

1906

Japanese Legation and all consulates in Korea closed. Opening of the Residency-General. All forei gn legations in Seoul closed. Founding of anti- Japanese organizations and newspapers: S<:S'u Hakhoe (North-

west Learned Society) ; Cheguk Shinmun (Imperial News) ; Tae Han Maeil Shinbo (Korea Daily News ) and the Korea Dailv News by the Britisher Ernest T. Bethe ll; and H a nguk P'yong'non Chapchi (Corea Review) by the American missionary Homer B. Hulbert.

First Resident-Ge n e ral Ito Hi"robumi arrived. Residency-General Peace Preservation Law proclaimed. Popular u~Jrisings in the Kyonggi, South Ch'ungch'ong, and North Chtllla Provinces

demanding the abrogation of the Japanese-Korean treaty of Nov. 17, 1905. Japanese immigration law restricting the entry of Koreans into Japan passed. Russian 1vUnister of Foreign Affaires Izvolsky instructec the Russian Minister

in TokjO to noti fy the Japanes e government t hat t he R u ssian representative in Seoul will henceforth deal with the Korean government only through the Japane se Resident-General.

Japanese Army in Korea organized. Japanes e -Korean agreement on joint exploitati on of timb er resources in the Yalu

and Tumen valleys. The establishment of Toyo Takushoku Kaisha (Orie!ltal Devel opment Company) in

Tokyo w ith sphere of activity in Korea and Ma..·Khuria .

100

20

May-June 15

July 2 3

17

19-20

21

24

28 30

Aug. 1

Aug.-Sept.

2

7 10 20 27

S ept . 3 Oct. 10

29 Nov. 1 3

18 19

D ec . 5

31

M ar . 2 0 23

1907

Rumors about t he di spatch of a secret Korean missi o:1 to t he S eco:1ci Hague :E='eace Conference by Emperor ·Kojong .

Riots in Sout h C hi:J lla and the C h 'ungch ' i:\ng Provinces. The emissaries of E mperor Kojong failed to gain aG-nittance to t l:e Hague Peace

Conference. G eneral C onscription Law proclaimed. D i stur bances in Seoul after the arrival of t he news o: tl:e fail'..ll:e of Emperor K o ­

jong ' s sec r e t :rn,ission to the Hagu e P eace Confe;: e;;.ce .

Pro - J apanese C abinet n1inisters censored the Emperor for send:_:-,g Korea:J. de :l.= ­gate s to the H a gue P eac e C onference.

The dec ree of abdication of Emperor K ojong. P opular upri s ing in Korea. PrL-ne Ministe r Yi Wan-yong ' s r e sidence mobbed and ::,urned.

Pak Y~ng-hyo, Yi T o -jae and others a rr ested for attempts to r estore Err.pero -:­Kojong.

Japanes e - Korean T reaty {The Third Treary of Protection ) signed by Ito Hiro­bumi and Yi Wan-yong . E stablishment of effectiv e Japanese con trol in Kor e a. .

E mergency Security Law proclaimed. Russo-Ja panese Public and secret agreements signe d in St. P eter sburg. Russ ia

recognized Korea to be entirely in the Japanese sphere of influence. Korean Army with the e xc eption of the Palace Guar d abolished. Riots in Seoul.

Kor ean and J apanes e troops clashed in Seoul. General anti-Japanese up rising in southe rn Korea. T he strengthening of Japan ­

ese Army. gendarme ri e, and police in Korea. By the end of S eptember t he major Ibyi:Jng forc es were crushed, but guerrilla warfare continued.

Proc l amation of the new r e ign nam e o f Yung 'hi. Maruyama Shigetoshi appoiJC.ted In s pector-Genera l of Korean police .

Emperor Sunjong's younger brother, Un, made C rO '.'-"TI Prince. Korean and J apanese troops clashed on K a nghwado Is~and.

R e sidency-General established a branch office i n Yongji:\ng, Kando (Chientao ). C oronation of Emperor Sunjong, the twenty- sevent!J. ruler of t he Yi D ynasty. Pak Y i:Jng- hyo exiled to Chejudo Island. J apanese Crown Prince (later Emperor I:!Ye hit o ) left Tokyo for a visit to Ko rea. Japanese -Korean protocol on t he administration o: Korean police by J apan. E 1nperor Sunjong moved fr om K y CSng'un P a lace co Cl:'angdi:Jk P alace. Kyi:Jng!un

Palace was renamed Ti:Jksu P alace and beca=e ::- e sidence o.: Yi T' aewang, the former Emperor Koj ong .

Charter Oat h of Emperor Sunjong . D ecree o n inte::_nal refo r m proclaimed. Cr own Prince Un, accompanied b y Ito Hiroburni as guardian, left S e oul for stu dy

in T okyo . Appoint.-:nen t o£ Japanese advise rs to Korean provi:1cial governors .

1908

J apanese loan contract for 19,680,00 0 yen without b t erest signed. Durham White Stevens assas sinated at the O akla.nd Railroad Station by two K o ­

re ans . (Died on M arch 25 .) 26 Korean Privy Cow-1cil adopted a res olution conciern..Tling the activity oi Japa .:.e.se

Army in connection w ith t he suppression of uprisings in Korea and dem a:-.de d t he removal of J apanese advisers from the Korean governrnent. P:r-esid~nt

Oct. Nov .

31 2

and Vice-Pr esident o f the Privy C ouncil re.mo;.·ed by the Japanes e . K orean- J apanese fishery agreement. D istr ict courts established.

101

.-

Dec. 28

Jan. -Feb. Feb. 13 Mar. 6

15

June 14

July 6 12

26 31

Sept. 4

28 O ct. 26

29 Dec. 4

8 22

Jan. 29 Feb. 18

M ar . 26 Apr. 4

May 30

Ju.:1e 3

24 July 23

24 ... ~ ug. - 16

22 Sept. 29

30

1908 (cont. )

Branch office of T6y6 Takushoku Kaisha (Oriental Develo:?ment Company) estab­lished in Seoul.

1909

Emperor Sunj ong toured Korea. New tax law proclaimed. Family Registration Law proclaimed. Population of Korea estimated to be

almost thirteen million. Japanese-Korean agreement on police matters relating to foreign residents in

Korea. Deputy Resident-General Sone Arasuke became Resident-General upon It6 1 s

resignation. Japanese cabinet decided on a policy of annexation of Korea. Japanese-Korean memorandum on the transfer to Japan of j udicial power and

prison administration signed. Japanese-Korean memorandum regarding the Central Ba:c..'c of Korea. The Ministry of War and the Officer 1 s School aboli shed. The Palace Guard re­

organized. Japanese-Chinese agreement on the settlement of the Kbrean-Manchurian bound-

ary. Kanda (Chientao ) ceded to China. New provincial administrative and judicial reforms. Ito Hirobumi assassinated in Harbin by An Chung- gUn.. Bank of Korea established. The Ilchin 1hoe Party memorial to Emperor Sunjong advocating his abdication and

Japanese annexation of Korea. The Second Ilchin 1hoe Party memorial. Attempted assassination of Prime Minister Yi '.'Tan-yong oy Yi Chae-myi:Sng.

Anti-Ilchin 1hoe riots.

1910

Anti- Japanese riots in Korea. Japanese Foreign Minister Komura Jutaro an...'lounced the Japanese policy of an­

nexation of Korea to the foreign diplomatic corps in Toky o . Prince It6 1s assassin An Chung-gi:tn executed. Sino-Japanese Protocol on the construction of a bridge across the Yalu River be­

tween Shin 1iju and Antung signed. Resident-General Sone resigned. Minister of War General Terauchi Masatake

appointed Resident-General. J apanese a.dministrative policy for Korea after annexation adopted by the Japan­

ese cabinet. Japanese-Korean Memorandum on the transfer of police :?Ower to Japan signed. General Terauchi arrived in Seoul. Beginning of ruthles.; suppression of anti­

Japanese activity in Korea. Japanese gendarmerie replaced Korean police. Negotiations for the annexation o f Korea between General Te:::- a uchi and Yi Wan-

yang. Treaty of Annexation signed. Japanese government announced the signing of t he Treaty of ~A. .. !l.nexation. Japanese Residency-General abolished. Chos en Sofokufu (Korean Government-

General) established. General Terauchi .Nfasata_'.(e appo:.nted the first Governor­General.

102

. r

I l-1 ' l l

I { I j I \

~

l

I I I , . ' i l

. I

S OURCES F O R T HE CHRONOL O GY

Allen, Hor a ce N. A Chronologi c al In dex: Ko!'ea, S eo ul, 19 0 1

Ch.os en Boeki K yokai (Ko rean T rade Association ). C hosen boeki s::i (A h:'.sto r :- o : Korea:1 tr a d e ) . Keij o (Seoul) , 1943 .

C hosen Shigakkai (Kor ean Historical Associat ion}. Cho sen shi taikei ( -~ o•.1t l 'ne of K o rean history). 5 vo l s . Keijo (Seoul) , 1928.

Chung, He nry . Korean Treaties . New Yo.ck , 19 19 .

Gal 'pe rin , A . "Khronika tikhookeanskikh s obytii" (C hronology of eve::-.:s :'. n the Pac:'.iic a r ea), T i khii okean {The Pacifi c Ocean) , No. 3(5) (July - Sept 1935), '?P· 2 31-2S6; No .4 ( 6) (Oc t. - D ec . 1935 }, p p . 2 23-269; No. l (7 ) (Jan . - Mar . 1936), p p. 249 - 318 ; N o. Z (8) {Apr. - June 1935 }, pp . 19 5 - 247; e t c.

T h i s c h ronol ogy compil ed a t the P ac i f i c O ffice of the Commucist Academy ' s Inst i ­t ute of World Economy and Inte r national P olitics in Moscow cover s the per iod from 1776 t o dat e .

H anguk Kuksa P' yonch ' an Wi won 'ho e (Co=it tee for the Compilatio:1 of Kore2.n History). Hanguk kenyonsa (A chronol ogical h i story of Korea ). 2 vols. (Seoul], 1958 . (Hangu.~ saryo ch ' ongso, No . 5 [Korean history series No.5 ] ).

J apan Ministry of Foreign Affal.rs . Nihon gaiko nempyo narabi shuyo rr.onj o, 134,0-1945 (Japanese diplomacy: chronol ogy and i mportant documents, 18 40-1945) . 2 vols. Tokyo , 1955.

K orea (Peopl e ' s Democr a tic Repu blic) . Academy of Science s . bs tib.!te of 1-'.istory. Chosons a n y onp 'yo (Chronology of Korean history) P yongya::.g,. 19 57.

Korea {Governm c:n t-Gene:::-al, 19 10 -1945). T okuj ukyu R i T a io ji:z.L-J. (_-\c;::;-;. en~:'.c ~ eco :cds of T oksukung Yi T' aewang ) . Keijo (S e oul}, 1943. ·

L anger , Willi am L. ( e d. ) An Encyclopedia of World History. Ca=bridge , l 9 4c8 . Rev. ed.

Morse , Hosea B. The International Rela t ions of the Chi nese Em.pi=e. L ondo:1 , 1918. (Vol. 111, The Period of Subj ection, 18 9 4 - 19 1 1)

T oyo Keizai Shimp6 Sha. (O.ciental Economist Publishing House ). Sa.\:uin se iji k eizai dai nempy o (Indexed politi cal and ec onomic chr onol ogy of Japa.-::). Z v ols . (Chronology and Index) . Tokyo, 1943 .

Tsuji Zennosuke . Dai Nihon nempyo (Chronology o£ C .ceate:::- Japa:::) . T okyo, 19~2.

Wang, Hsin - chung . Chung-Jih c hi a - wu chan-cheng chih w ai- chiao ::;ei-c l::i e1g (Di?lomatic back­ground of the Sino- J apanese 'Nar of 1894). Peiping : Nati o::::=.l Cl--'ing - hua Fniversity Pre ss , 1937.

10 3