l. seuront cnrs umr 8187 log, wimereux, france
DESCRIPTION
On the effects of hydrocarbon contamination on zooplankton behaviour. L. Seuront CNRS UMR 8187 LOG, Wimereux, France School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University , Adelaide , Australia - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
L. SeurontCNRS UMR 8187 LOG, Wimereux, France
School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, AustraliaSouth Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences, West Beach, Australia
Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics, Boston University, Bonston, USA
On the effects of hydrocarbon contamination on zooplankton behaviour
Approach and focus
Feeding and swimming behaviours intertwined in calanoid copepod, hence critical to understand
- trophodynamics
- population dynamics
- carbon fluxes
Approach and focus
Role of a range of ‘stressors’ on zooplankton behaviour
Approach and focus
- temperature and salinity
- biologically-induced viscosity
- anthropogenic pollutants, e.g. hydrocarbons
Role of a range of ‘stressors’ on zooplankton behaviour
- natural contamination, e.g. HABs, diatom toxins
- food quality and quantity
Approach and focus
- temperature and salinity
- biologically-induced viscosity
- anthropogenic pollutants, e.g. hydrocarbons
Role of a range of ‘stressors’ on zooplankton behaviour
- natural contamination, e.g. HABs, diatom toxins
- food quality and quantity
On (massive) hydrocarbon contaminations
On (pernicious) hydrocarbon contaminations
Oil leaked from a Nippon Petroleum Refining Co. oil factory float at Shiogama Bay, Miyagi prefecture, Japan
Source: http://www.toledoblade.com
Source: Google Earth
Petroleum leaking from a ship in Aden’s harbour
Sub-lethal effects of hydrocarbons on zooplankton:
- anomalous metabolism (Samain et al. 1980, 1981)
- decreased/inhibited feeding (Berdugo et al. 1977, Berman et al. 1980, Cowles & Remillard 1983, Barata et al. 2002)
- reduction in egg production (Ott et al. 1978)
- reduction in hatching rate (Cowles & Remillard 1983)
- increased mortality (Gajbhiye et al. 1995, Almeda et al. 2013)
- reduction in clutch size (Barata et al. 2005)
- behavioural changes (Seuront & Leterme 2007, Seuront 2010, 2011, 2012)
On pernicious hydrocarbon contaminations
Sub-lethal effects of hydrocarbons on zooplankton:
On pernicious hydrocarbon contaminations
Short-term exposure to low concentrationsno effects
Sub-lethal effects of hydrocarbons on zooplankton:
Short-term exposure to low concentrationsno effects
Long-term exposure to low concentrationsvarious effects
On pernicious hydrocarbon contaminations
Sub-lethal effects of hydrocarbons on zooplankton:
Short-term exposure to low concentrationsno effects
Long-term exposure to low concentrationsvarious effects
On pernicious hydrocarbon contaminations
Detrimental cumulative effects unidentifiable under standard short-term incubations…
On pernicious hydrocarbon contaminations
Different tools are needed to assess the impact of pernicious ‘invisible’ contaminants
Objectives
1. ability of copepods to detect and avoid contaminated water
2. behavioural changes in contaminated water
3. effect of contaminated water on chemoreception
4. effect of contaminated water on mating strategies
Objectives
5. foraging behaviour as an end-point assessment and monitoring tool
1. ability of copepods to detect and avoid contaminated water
2. behavioural changes in contaminated water
3. effect of contaminated water on chemoreception
4. effect of contaminated water on mating strategies
Results: impact of pernicious contamination
Pollutants: - naphthalene - WSF of commercial diesel oil - always sub-lethal and very low concentrations
2 to 3 orders of magnitude below lethal concentrations (LC50)
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Avoidance of WSF point source contamination:Temora longicornis and Eurytemora affinis
Results: detection and avoidance
Seuront (2010) Zooplankton avoidance behaviour as a response to point sources of hydrocarbon-contaminated waterMarine and Freshwater Research, 61, 263-270.Seuront (2012) Hydrocarbon contamination and the swimming behavior of the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis
Pollutants: - naphthalene - WSF of commercial diesel oil - always sub-lethal and very low concentrations
Water contamination and behavioural stress: - stress/sickness decrease behavioural complexity
(Bassingthwaighte et al. 1994; Escos et al. 1995; Alados et al. 1996)
Results: impact of pernicious contamination
Pollutants: - naphthalene - WSF of commercial diesel oil - always sub-lethal and very low concentrations
Water contamination and behavioural stress: - stress/sickness decrease behavioural complexity
(Bassingthwaighte et al. 1994; Escos et al. 1995; Alados et al. 1996)
- fractal analysis reveals stress when standard behavioural metrics fail in dolphins (Seuront & Cribb 2011), snails (Seuront et al. 2007) and copepods
(Coughlin et al. 1992; Seuront & Leterme 2007; Seuront & Vincent 2008; Seuront 2011, 2012)
Results: impact of pernicious contamination
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus
Results: motion behaviour
From Seuront & Leterme (2007) Increased zooplankton behavioral stress in response to short-term exposure to hydrocarbon contamination. Open Journal of Oceanography, 1, 1-7.
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus
Results: motion behaviour
From Seuront & Leterme (2007) Increased zooplankton behavioral stress in response to short-term exposure to hydrocarbon contamination. Open Journal of Oceanography, 1, 1-7.
Sp
ee
d (
mm
s-1)
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus
Results: motion behaviour
From Seuront & Leterme (2007) Increased zooplankton behavioral stress in response to short-term exposure to hydrocarbon contamination. Open Journal of Oceanography, 1, 1-7.
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus
Results: motion behaviour
From Seuront & Leterme (2007) Increased zooplankton behavioral stress in response to short-term exposure to hydrocarbon contamination. Open Journal of Oceanography, 1, 1-7.
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus vs. C. typicus - C. hamatus: inshore, i.e. more contaminated
- C. typicus: offshore, i.e. less contaminated
Results: motion behaviour
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus vs. C. typicus - C. hamatus: inshore - C. typicus: offshore
- stress: C. hamatus < C. typicus
Results: motion behaviour
Naphthalene and behavioural stress: Centropages hamatus vs. C. typicus - C. hamatus: inshore - C. typicus: offshore
- stress: C. hamatus < C. typicus
- vulnerability higher offshore than inshore
Results: motion behaviour
Results: more on motion behaviour
Successive displacements are intermittent
Highly non-Gaussian! Additional tools needed…
Results: more on motion behaviour
Successive displacements are intermittent
Highly non-Gaussian! Additional tools needed…
( )q qX
Intermittency in nutrients, phyto- and zooplankton(Seuront et al. 1996a, b, 1999, 2002; Seuront & Schmitt 2004; Seuront 2005, 2008; Yamazaki et al. 2006)
Seuront (2010) Fractals and Multifractals in Ecology and Aquatic Science, CRC Press.Seuront & Stanley (in press) Anomalous diffusion and multifractality enhance mating encounters in the ocean. PNAS.
( )q qX
Results: more on motion behaviour
Results: more on motion behaviour
Filtered seawater
q
Results: more on motion behaviour
Filtered seawaterFood-conditionned
seawater
q q
Results: more on motion behaviour
Filtered seawaterFood-conditionned
seawater
q q
q
Results: more on motion behaviour
PAH contamination
Filtered seawaterFood-conditionned
seawater
q q
q
Results: more on motion behaviour
PAH contamination
PAH contamination
Results: impact of pernicious contamination
Modified from Seuront (2013) Chemical and hydromechanical components of mate-seeking behaviour in the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis. Journal of Plankton Research, 35, 724-743.
Copepods mate-seeking strategies rely on chemosensory abilitities
150
mm
150 mm
Results: impact of pernicious contamination
Modified from Seuront (2013) Chemical and hydromechanical components of mate-seeking behaviour in the calanoid copepod Eurytemora affinis. Journal of Plankton Research, 35, 724-743.
Copepods mate-seeking strategies rely on chemosensory abilitities
150
mm
150 mm
WSF contamination and Temora longicornis mate-seeking and mating behaviour
- ability of males to detect, track and capture females
- control water vs. sub-lethal WSF concentration
Results: mating behaviour
From Seuront (2011) Hydrocarbon contamination decreases mating success in a marine planktonic copepod. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26283.
Results: mating behaviour
From Seuront (2011) Hydrocarbon contamination decreases mating success in a marine planktonic copepod. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26283.
Results: mating behaviour
From Seuront (2011) Hydrocarbon contamination decreases mating success in a marine planktonic copepod. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26283.
Results: mating behaviour
From Seuront (2011) Hydrocarbon contamination decreases mating success in a marine planktonic copepod. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26283.
Results: mating behaviour
WSF contamination and Temora longicornis mating behaviour
- decrease in male detection and tracking ability
- decrease in contact rates (2-fold)
- decrease in capture rates (3-fold)
Results: mating behaviour
Conclusions and Perspectives- copepod behaviour is very complex, hence specific tools are
needed
- hydrocarbon contamination may have a critical effect on reproduction, even at very low concentrations
- copepods are very sensitive to hydrocarbon contamination
Conclusions and Perspectives- copepod behaviour is very complex, hence specific tools are
needed
- hydrocarbon contamination may have a critical effect on reproduction, even at very low concentrations
- copepods are very sensitive to hydrocarbon contamination
- efficient tools to monitor water quality in quasi real-time
Thanks for your attention!
Thanks for your attention!
Special thanks to:
(financial support 2006-2012)
(financial support 1999-2000)