Managing the future energy needs of developed, developing and LDC Countries

Homework

• Read the Geofile and revise for a mock on Energy in two lessons time

Meeting Future Energy Needs requires radical new approaches

• World population is growing exponentially.• Traditionally low energy consumers are growing in their

appetites, e.g. Chindia.• World’s primary energy needs set to grow by 55% by 2030.• Electricity consumption expected to double over next few

decades.• International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that $22 trillion

of new investment needed by 2030.• Global challenge of climate change – solutions to energy

needs should make this better NOT worse! (…… ……)

Increasing energy demand from emerging economies

• India’s population is 1.2B• China’s population is 1.4B• 18.5 million new vehicles

were sold in China in 2011• Higher levels of wealth will create

higher levels of consumerism and consumption e.g. Tata Nano

Two ways of doing this

1. ‘Carrot and Stick’ measures – emission controls, carbon trading and green taxation. Aims to encourage a reduction in energy consumption and increase energy efficiency.

2. Develop new and radical technologies that are sustainable and bring energy security.

1.Stick and Carrot Approaches

a. Emission controls - Kyoto protocol• What do you remember of this agreement from

last year?• 1997, international emission controls aimed at

reducing greenhouse gas emissions and prevent rapid climate change.

• May 2008, 182 countries had given it consent.• Brazil, China and India did sign up but USA

didn’t

1.Stick and Carrot Approaches

b. Emissions trading• Arrangement allowing countries that have made greater

reductions in their Kyoto carbon emissions to sell their surplus savings to countries that are over their targets.

• Carbon dioxide principle greenhouse gas the system is often described as carbon trading.

• Carbon is now tacked and traded like any commodity on the ‘carbon market’

• Allows energy efficient countries to sell off surplus but allows less energy efficient countries off the hook.

1.Stick and Carrot Approaches

c. Green taxesAim to cut use of natural resources and encourage waste recycling. For example sliding scale for car tax, more for bigger inefficient cars, less for modern efficient cars. Other ideas include removing stamp duty on sale of carbon neutral homes, raising duty on petrol and diesel as well as raising air passenger duty on flights.

Car Tax comparison

Evaluate the three methods

• Which do you think is the most sustainable?

• What are the advantages or disadvantages?

2. Radical new technologies

• These new technologies put sustainability at the centre and this is the best way forward.

• Sustainability - ………………………………………………

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Managing the energy demand in developed economies

• Theses new technologies all help to help meet the 5 Energy R’s shown below.

• Portugal – what percentage of its electricity comes from renewable power?

2. Radical new technologies

a. Future cars b. Carbon storage

c. Geothermal energy

d. Biofuels e. Offshore wind turbines

Use p29-31 to help you

A. Future Cars

• Hydrogen cars? Here and here • A car that runs on air? Here and an article

here

2. Radical new technologies

a. Future cars b. Carbon storage

c. Geothermal energy

d. Biofuels e. Offshore wind turbines

Use p29-31 to help you

For each of the possible solutions

• e.g. wind turbines at sea.

One line to describe it

• e.g. Sea wind speeds normally double compared to on land

1 advantage

• Costs are 50% higher

1 disadvantage

• Big potential for future but problem of costs.

1 line sustainability conclusion

Use p29-31 to help you

A. Wind turbines, a bit more …

• Floating wind turbines off Norway– Read about it here

• Wind spires– Watch the video here and here

For each of the possible solutions

• e.g. wind turbines at sea.

One line to describe it

• e.g. Sea wind speeds normally double compared to on land

1 advantage

• Costs are 50% higher

1 disadvantage

• Big potential for future but problem of costs.

1 line sustainability conclusion

Use p29-31 to help you