b

Laboratory equipment

Prepared bySamira fattah

Assis. Lec.College of health sciences-HMU

Lecture 2

What Is a Laboratory?

• A laboratory is a room or a place equipped for the performance of tests, experimentation, investigative processes .

Medical laboratory

• A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient as pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Lab equipment

Lab. equipment refers to the various tools used by scientists working in a laboratory.

MicroscopyWhat is a microscope?• Is an optical instrument consisting of a combination

of lenses which magnifies the image of the object seen through it.

• It is used for the morphological study of a very small organisms which are not visible by naked eye.

Micro= small scope=to view

Types of microscopes

• Simple• Compound• Electron

Incubator

• Is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures.

• The incubator maintains optimal temperature,

humidity and other conditions such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside.

Incubator

Autoclave

• An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure saturated steam at 121 °C for around 15–20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents.

• Used to sterilize culture media, discard, and other equipments.

Autoclave

Oven

• device used in sterilization.• oven uses dry heat to sterilize.• It used to sterilize items that might be damaged by

moist heat (e.g., glasswares, powders, oils).

Laboratory refrigerator

Is used for a wide variety of purposes such as:

• maintenance and storage of stock culture between subculturing periods.

• storage of sterile media to prevent dehydration.

• also used as repository for thermolable solutions, antibiotics and serums.

Lab. refrigerator

Centrifuge

• is an apparatus that rotates at high speed and separates substances of different densities.

Balance

• used to measure an object’s mass to a very high degree of precision.

hot plate / stir plate

• used to heat and stir substances.

Magnetic stirring bars

Water bath

• is a device that maintains water at a constant temperature.

• It is used in the microbiological laboratory for incubations.

Biological Safety Cabinets

• is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with pathogens.

Bunsen burner

is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating and sterilization.

Inoculating loops and needles• Inoculating loops are used to transfer microorganisms to

growth media or for staining slides.

• The wire forms a small loop with a diameter of about 5 mm.• The loop of wire at the tip may be made of platinum or

nichrome.

• Needles are straight wires (no loop) used to pick up bacteria from closely packed colonies or to inoculate in a very defined area.

• needles commonly used to inoculate semi-soft media.

Anaerobic jar

• is an instrument used in the production of an anaerobic environment.

• This method of anaerobiosis is used to culture bacteria which die or fail to grow in presence of oxygen.

Glassware Glass slide and cover slip

• Glass slide: used to place specimens on to observe under the microscope.

• Cover slip: used to cover specimens on a microscope slide.

slide and coverslip

Glassware Petri dishes

• often used to make agar plates for microbiology studies.• The dish is partially filled with warm liquid containing agar and a mixture of

specific ingredients that may include:• nutrients• blood• salts• Carbohydrates• dyes• indicators• amino acids or• antibiotics

Glassware

• Pipet and Graduated Cylinders

• Glass or plastic• Used to measure liquid volume.• Graduated in ml.

Graduated Cylinders Pipet

Glassware

Beaker • Glass or plastic• Used to stir, heat(if glass) and measure liquid volume

in ml.

Glassware

Flask • Glassware used to heat and store substances.

Glassware

Funnel aids in pouring liquids into small openings without

spilling them.

Glassware • Test tube used to mix, heat or store substances.

• Test tube rack used to hold test tubes.

wash Bottles

• used to rinse various pieces of laboratory glassware.

Filter paper

• special paper used to separate solids from liquids.

End