lab review for final exam. experiment #1: density density = mass/volume volume = length x width x...
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College Chemistry
Lab Review for Final Exam
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Experiment #1: Density
Density = Mass/VolumeVolume = length x width x heightUnits = g/mL or g/cc or g/cm3
Density Column
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Practice Problem525 mL of water at 250C (density = 0.997 g/mL) is placed in a container. The water is then cooled to form ice at -100C (density = 0.917 g/mL).
What is the mass and volume of the ice?
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Answer
Mass = 523 gramsVolume = 571 mL
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Experiment #2: Safety, General Equipment & TechniquesSafety equipmentSafety TechniquesLaboratory equipmentGlasswareSeparation Techniques
Safety Shower
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Practice Problem
What is a buret used for?
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Answer
• For use with acid-base titrations• To deliver the solution of known
concentration in a titration
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Experiment #3: Physical MeasurementsVolume = length x width x heightDisplacement MethodDensity = mass/volumeRelative UncertaintyAbsolute Uncertainty
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Practice Problem
How do you determine relative uncertainty?
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AnswerRelative Uncertainty is the ratio of the absolute
uncertainty of a measurement to the best estimate.
It expresses the relative size of the uncertainty of a measurement (its precision).
For example, The measurement 25.4 + 0.1 cm
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Experiment #4: Composition of a Heterogeneous MixtureFiltrationDistillationDecantingChromatographyElectrolysis% Composition
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Practice Problem
How can a heterogeneous mixture be separated?
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Answer
•Heating•Filtration
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Experiment #5: Isotopes & Atomic MassAtomic mass unit (amu)Weighted average of
atomic mass from %Different molecule
possibilities of isotopes
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Practice Problem
Define an atomic mass unit (amu)
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Answer
1/12 the mass of 1 Carbon – 12 atom
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Experiment #6: Empirical Formula of a CompoundEmpirical formulaMolecular formulaStructural formulaWhy add water after
heating magnesium ribbon?Calculate empirical
formula from mass Caffeine
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Practice Problem
What is the empirical formula of magnesium
oxide?
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Answer
MgO
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Experiments #7 & #8: Quantitative Analysis of HydratesHydrateCalculate unknown value of a hydrateCalculate mass of water produced in a
hydrateCalculate number of moles of water in a
hydrate Methane hydrateWhen organic material decomposes it
releases methane, also known as swamp gas. Combine water and swamp
gas under low temperatures and high pressures and the result can be a frozen lattice-like substance called methane hydrate. This crystalline
combination of a natural gas and water looks remarkably like ice but burns if lit
with a flame.
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Practice Problem
If 16.4 grams of oxygen gas react with excess hydrogen,
what mass of water is produced?
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Answer
Mass = 18.5 grams
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Experiment #9: Concentration of acetic acid in vinegarTitration definition & formulaEnd pointCalculate molarityCalculate concentration
of unknown solution
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Practice ProblemIf 25.00 mL of 0.200 M acetic acid is transferred into a volumetric flask and diluted to 5.00 x 10 2 mL,
What is the concentration of the resulting solution?
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Answer
Concentration = 1.00 x 10 -2 M
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Experiment #10: Material value of a metalIonic BondCovalent BondMetallic BondConductivityElectroplatingElectrolysisElectronegativity
Floating magnet
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Practice ProblemWhen the pennies were heated in the NaOH solution, a layer of zinc bonded to the copper penny.
What type of bond would exist between the atoms of copper and zinc?
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Answer
Metallic
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Experiment #11:Molecular GeometryLewis StructuresLone pairsMolecular geometry chart (review)
Hybridization
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Practice Problem
How many lone pairs are on a sulfur atom in the sulfite ion, SO3 2-?
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Answer
1 lone pair
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Experiments #12 & #13: Thermochemistry & Hess’ LawThermochemistryCoffee & Milk solution – heat of solutionq = mc ΔTEnthalpyHess’ Law
combustion
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Practice Problem
Gold has a specific heat of 0.129 J/g0C. When a 5.00-g piece of gold absorbs 1.33J of heat, what is the change in temperature?
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Answer
Temperature change = 2.06 0C