Laboratoire Supinfo des technologies Oracle

Rappels

Aperçu de l’architecture Oracle

Database

Instance

SGA

Redo logbuffer

Data buffercache

Shared pool

Data dict.cache

Librarycache

PMON DBW0SMON LGWRCKPT Others

Userprocess

Serverprocess

PGA

Control files

Data files

Redo logfiles

Archived log files

Parameterfile

Passwordfile

Le fichier de paramètre

initU15.orainitU15.ora

SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

SQL> STARTUP PFILE=/DISK1/initU15.ora

SQL> CONNECT / AS SYSDBA

SQL> STARTUP PFILE=/DISK1/initU15.ora

Instance

SGA

Redo logbuffer

Data buffercache

Shared pool

Data dict.cache

Librarycache

PMON DBWRSMON LGWRCKPT ARCH

Startup et shutdown

OPENOPEN

MOUNTMOUNT

NOMOUNTNOMOUNT

SHUTDOWNSHUTDOWN

All files opened as All files opened as described by the control described by the control file for this instance.file for this instance.

Control file Control file opened for this opened for this instance.instance.

Instance Instance started.started.

STARTUPSTARTUP

SHUTDOWNSHUTDOWN

Options de Shutdown

A

x

x

x

x

T

x

x

o

o

I

x

x

x

o

Shutdown Mode

Allow new connections

Wait until current sessions end

Wait until current transactions end

Force a checkpoint and close files

N

x

o

o

o

Shutdown mode: Shutdown mode:

A AbortA Abort I ImmediateI Immediate

T TransactionalT Transactional N NormalN Normal YESYES

NONOx

o

Creating the database

SPOOL creU16.log

STARTUP NOMOUNT PFILE=initU16.ora

CREATE DATABASE U16

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXLOGHISTORY 100

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ('/DISK3/log1a.rdo',/DISK4/log1b.rdo’) SIZE 1 M,

GROUP 2 ('/DISK3/log2a.rdo',/DISK4/log2b.rdo’) SIZE 1 M

DATAFILE

'/DISK1/system01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;

SPOOL creU16.log

STARTUP NOMOUNT PFILE=initU16.ora

CREATE DATABASE U16

MAXLOGFILES 5

MAXLOGMEMBERS 5

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXLOGHISTORY 100

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ('/DISK3/log1a.rdo',/DISK4/log1b.rdo’) SIZE 1 M,

GROUP 2 ('/DISK3/log2a.rdo',/DISK4/log2b.rdo’) SIZE 1 M

DATAFILE

'/DISK1/system01.dbf' size 50M autoextend on

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;

Catégories de vues

DBA_xxx

USER_xxx

ALL_xxx

Objects owned by the current user

Objects accessible by the current user

All of the objects in the database

Examples

• General overview– DICTIONARY

• Schema objects– DBA_TABLES– DBA_OBJECTS

• Space allocation– DBA_ SEGMENTS– DBA_FREE_SPACE

• Database structure– DBA_DATA_FILES– DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS– DBA_TABLESPACES

• General overview– DICTIONARY

• Schema objects– DBA_TABLES– DBA_OBJECTS

• Space allocation– DBA_ SEGMENTS– DBA_FREE_SPACE

• Database structure– DBA_DATA_FILES– DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS– DBA_TABLESPACES

– DICT_COLUMNS

– DBA_TAB_COLUMNS

– DBA_CONSTRAINTS

– DBA_EXTENTS

– DICT_COLUMNS

– DBA_TAB_COLUMNS

– DBA_CONSTRAINTS

– DBA_EXTENTS

Script de création de vues

Script Purpose

catalog.sql Creates commonly used data dictionary

views and synonyms

catproc.sql Runs scripts required for server-side

PL/SQL

L’utilité du fichier de controle

• Small, binary file

• Required:– At mount– To operate

• Linked to a single database

• Should be multiplexed

• Loss may require recovery

• Small, binary file

• Required:– At mount– To operate

• Linked to a single database

• Should be multiplexed

• Loss may require recovery

Control files

Data files

Redo logfiles

Database

Multiplexage

control_files=(/DISK1/control01.con,/DISK2/control02.con)control_files=(/DISK1/control01.con,/DISK2/control02.con)

Disk 1Disk 1

control01.con

Disk 2Disk 2

control02.con

Groupes et membres de redo

Group 2Group 2 Group 3Group 3Group 1Group 1

Member

Disk 1Disk 1

Disk 2Disk 2Member

Member Member

MemberMember

Sans archivage

BackupBackup Disk failureDisk failure

101

t1t1 t2t2

Data files Control

files

50 51 100

Avec Archivage

Disk failureDisk failure

101

t2t2

100

t1t1

50 51

BackupBackup

Data files Control

files

Archived redo logsArchived redo logs

50

99

Hiérarchie de stockage

Database

Logical Physical

Tablespace Data file

OS blockOracle block

Segment

Extent

Création de tablespace

CREATE TABLESPACE app_data

DATAFILE '/DISK4/app_data_01.dbf'

SIZE 100M,

'/DISK5/app data_ 02.dbf'

SIZE 100M

MINIMUM EXTENT 500K

DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 500K

NEXT 500K

MAXEXTENTS 500

PCTINCREASE 0 );

CREATE TABLESPACE app_data

DATAFILE '/DISK4/app_data_01.dbf'

SIZE 100M,

'/DISK5/app data_ 02.dbf'

SIZE 100M

MINIMUM EXTENT 500K

DEFAULT STORAGE ( INITIAL 500K

NEXT 500K

MAXEXTENTS 500

PCTINCREASE 0 );

Rollback: Fonctionnalités

Transaction rollbackTransaction rollback

Transaction Transaction recoveryrecovery

Rollback segmentRollback segment Read consistencyRead consistency

Héritage des clause de stockage

Oracle default

Tablespace

Segment

Vue du dictionnaire de données

Tablespaces

DBA_TABLESPACES

Segments

DBA_SEGMENTS

Data files

DBA_DATA_FILES

Free extents

DBA_FREE_SPACE

Used extents

DBA_EXTENTS

Capacité de fragmentation

Tablespace

SYSTEM

TOOLS

DATAn

INDEXn

RBSn

TEMPn

Fragmentation

Zero

Very low

Low

Low

High

Very high*

Usage

Data dictionary

Applications

Data segments

Index segments

Rollback segments

Temporary segments

* Relevant only if tablespace PERMANENT* Relevant only if tablespace PERMANENT

Structure d’une ligne

Database blockDatabase block

Row headerRow header

Column lengthColumn length

Column valueColumn value

Classification des indexes

• Logical– Single column or concatenated– Unique or nonunique– Function-based

• Physical– Partitioned or nonpartitioned – B-tree– Normal or reverse key– Bitmap

• Logical– Single column or concatenated– Unique or nonunique– Function-based

• Physical– Partitioned or nonpartitioned – B-tree– Normal or reverse key– Bitmap

Fin du rappel

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