lafullbor full txt set 1

8/9/2019 LaFULLbor Full Txt Set 1

1/51

PORTUGEZ V GSISFACTS:

Petitioner Portugez

o a utility clerk, who eventually became a branch manager then

appointed as Business Devt and PR Officer of G!" #oreover, hewas also a member of the Procurement B$%, O%!%"

o !n &''(, he was temporarily assigned as caretaker of G!"

o !n &''), he was designated as $cting $ssistant *P and O!%"

Respondent bank +RBo originally known as Royal avings Bank"

o !n &')- and the early part of &')., it underwent serious li/uidity

problems and was placed by the %B under receivership"o 0ailure to maintain a state of li/uidity, %B ordered its closure in &').

o 1 months after, it reopened under %ommercial Bank of #anila +%B#

and was renamed as %omsavings Bank"

&')( G! ac/uired interest of %B# in RB and %B and PD!%"

o G! put a substantial amount of capital to RB for rehabilitation and

controlled and managed RB which was renamed as G! 0amilysavings bank"

In 1998, MACALINO was appoint! as P"si!nt o# t$ R%& P'"s'ant to s'($appoint)nt, t$ !si*nation o# ptition" as OIC an! (a"ta+" o# R% was "(a! -'t

$is appoint)nt as A(tin* Assistant VP was "tain!& To attain #inan(ia sta-iit.,o/"$a! 0pnss w" ('t !own t$"o'*$ st"a)inin*& T$'s, R% i)p)nt! ana". /o'nta". "ti")nt p"o*"a)& In 221, ptition" a/ai! $i)s# o# t$ "ti")ntpa(+a* an! "(i/! 1&3M as "ti")nt pa.& In 22, $ #i! a (o)paint a*ainst t$R% an! Ma(aino #o" (onst"'(ti/ !is)issa an! 'n!"pa.)nt o# wa*s, 13t$ )ont$pa. an! "ti")nt -n#its -#o" t$ La-o" A"-it" an! in/o+! #o"(! "ti")nt !'to !is("i)ination, 'n#ai" t"at)nt, an! intns p"ss'" $ "(i/! #"o) Ma(aino& LA!(a"! R% *'it. o# i*a !is)issa& R% appa! to NLRC w$i($ (on#i")! t$!(ision o# LA, !is)iss! t$ appa an! MFR& R% appa! to CA t$"o'*$ C"tio"a"iR45 an! appi! #o" TRO an!6o" 7PI& Pn!in* t$ "so'tion o# t$ ptition, LA iss'!a w"it o# 0('tion p'"s'ant to t$ !(ision o# NLRC an! s"/! a noti( o#*a"nis$)nt on t$ )ana*"6(as$i" o# R%& ow/", CA noin! s'($i)p)ntation& CA "/"s! t$ '!*)nt o# LA an! NLRC an! "'! o't (onst"'(ti/!is)issa in/o+in* /o'nta". spa"ation #"o) s"/i( w$n ptition" a/ai! t$ a".

"ti")nt p"o*"a) an! "(i/! t$ "ti")nt pa.& Ptition" #i! MFR -'t was!ni! -. CA& T$'s, t$ p"snt PFRC&

ISSUE: 7ON ptition" was (onst"'(ti/. !is)iss! #"o) )po.)nt

EL: NO&2hen the findings of 3$ and 43R% are inconsistent with %$5s, there is a need to reviewthe records to determine which of them should be preferred as more conformable toevidentiary facts" !n the case at bar, there is a divergence between the findings of the3$ +affirmed by 43R% and %$"

Ptition" a*! t$ ##: Ma(aino $a"ass! $i) t$at #o"(! $i) to "si*n p"i/ation o# saa"., -n#its an! p"i/ii*s as AA VP R% *"ant! )'($ $i*$" saa". to t$ nw. $i"! -an+ o##i("s (o)pa"! to

w$at $ "(i/!R% a*!:

was not (o"(! to "si*n -'t $ /o'nta"i. !i! so as $ a/ai! o# t$

a". "ti")nt p"o*"a) an! was !'. pai! $is "ti")nt -n#its& was on. $o!in* an a(tin* position ;AA


2/51

is("i)ination ? #ai'" to t"at a p"sons @'a. w$n no "asona-!istin(tion (an - #o'n! -twn t$os #a/o"! an! t$os not #a/o"!&

R@ts #o" (ai) o# !is("i)ination to p"osp"1& No "asona- !istin(tion o" (assi#i(ation t$at (an - o-tain! -twn

p"sons -on*in* to t$ sa) (ass& P"sons -on*in* to t$ sa) (ass $a/ not -n t"at! ai+&

T$ -an+ "(o"!s s$owin* nw. $i"! o##i("s w" -in* pai! t$ -asi(saa"is in t$ "an* o# P5


3/51

Rspon!nts !i! not !i/" on t$i" p"o)is to )a+ ptition" C$i# O##i("& n(,ptition" "#'s! to sta. on as S(on! O##i(" an! was "pat"iat! to t$ P$iippinson Ma. 4, 1998& 8 A(ET

Ptition">s )po.)nt (ont"a(t was #o" a p"io! o# 1 )ont$s o" #"o) Ma"($ 19, 1998'p to Ma"($ 19, 1999, -'t at t$ ti) o# $is "pat"iation on Ma. 4, 1998, $ $a!s"/! on. two ;= )ont$s an! s/n ;= !a.s o# $is (ont"a(t, a/in* an 'n0pi"!po"tion o# nin ;9= )ont$s an! twnt.s saa".;Ma"($ 19631, 1998 to Ap"i 1632, 1998= 1,242&52 12??????????????TOTAL CLAIM USK4,BB&3 11as w as )o"a an! 0)pa". !a)a*s an! atto"n.>s #s& SITCa

T$ LA "n!"! a (ision !at! '. 15, 1999, !(a"in* t$ !is)issa o# ptition"i*a an! awa"!in* $i) )onta". -n#its, to wit:

7EREFORE, p")iss (onsi!"!, '!*)nt is $"-. "n!"! !(a"in* t$at t$

!is)issa o# t$ (o)painant ;ptition"= -. t$ "spon!nts in t$ a-o/s ;ptition">s= (ai)#o" atto"n.>s #s @'i/ant to tn p"(nt ;12= o# t$ tota a)o'nt awa"!! to t$a#o"sai! )po. 'n!" t$is (ision&

T$ (ai)s o# t$ (o)painant #o" )o"a an! 0)pa". !a)a*s a" $"-.ISMISSE #o" a(+ o# )"it&

A ot$" (ai)s a" $"-. ISMISSE&

SO ORERE& 13 ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

In awa"!in* ptition" a ')ps #s BB&52 ???????????TOTAL USKB,449&52

T$ ot$" #in!in*s a" a##i")!&

SO ORERE& 19


4/51

T$ NLRC (o""(t! t$ LA>s (o)p'tation o# t$ ')p


5/51

(o'"t o" i# t$ #o"i*n )po." "n*s on its o-i*ation& n(, pa()nt a*n(ist$at a" in *oo! #ait$ an! w$i($ #'#i t$i" o-i*ations a" 'nn(ssa"i. pnai! #o"t$ a(ts o# t$ #o"i*n )po."& To p"ot(t t$) an! to p"o)ot t$i" (ontin'! $p#'(ont"i-'tion in !po.in* Fiipino )i*"ant wo"+"s, ia-iit. #o" )on. (ai)s was"!'(! 'n!" S(tion 12 o# R&A& No& 82B& 3 ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

Ptition" a"*'s t$at in )iti*atin* t$ soi!a". ia-iit. o# pa()nt a*n(is, t$s'-(t (a's sa("i#i(s t$ ws )po.)nt, sp(ia. on t$ )att"

o# )on. (ai)s, as t$is was not stip'at! 'pon -. t$ pa"tis& B

Mo"o/", t$ OSG )p$asis t$at OF7s an! o(a wo"+"s !i##" in t")s o# t$nat'" o# t$i" )po.)nt, s'($ t$at t$i" "i*$ts to )onta". -n#its )'st n(ssa"i.- t"at! !i##"nt.& T$ OSG n')"ats t$ ssntia )nts t$at !istin*'is$OF7s #"o) o(a wo"+"s: #i"st, w$i o(a wo"+"s p"#o") t$i" o-s wit$in P$iippint""ito"., OF7s p"#o") t$i" o-s #o" #o"i*n )po."s, o/" w$o) it is !i##i('t #o" o'"(o'"ts to a(@'i" '"is!i(tion, o" a*ainst w$o) it is a)ost i)possi- to n#o"(

'!*)nt an! s(on!, as $! in Co.o(a /& Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission B3an! Mia"s /& Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission, BB OF7s a" (ont"a(t'a

)po.s w$o (an n/" a(@'i" "*'a" )po.)nt stat's, 'ni+ o(a wo"+"s w$oa" o" (an -(o) "*'a" )po.s& n(, t$ OSG posits t$at t$" a" "i*$ts an!p"i/i*s 0('si/ to o(a wo"+"s, -'t not a/aia- to OF7s t$at t$s p('ia"itis)a+ #o" a "asona- an! /ai! -asis #o" t$ !i##"ntiat! t"at)nt 'n!" t$ s'-(t(a's o# t$ )on. (ai)s o# OF7s w$o a" i*a. !is)iss!& T$'s, t$ p"o/ision!os not /ioat t$ @'a p"ot(tion (a's no" S(tion 18, A"ti( II o# t$ Constit'tion&B5

Last., t$ OSG !#n!s t$ "ationa -$in! t$ s'-(t (a's as a poi( pow")as'" a!opt! to )iti*at t$ soi!a". ia-iit. o# pa()nt a*n(is #o" t$isJ"!o'n!s to t$ -n#it o# t$ )i*"ant wo"+"s w$os w#a" t$ *o/"n)nt s+s top"o)ot& T$ s'"/i/a o# *iti)at pa()nt a*n(is $ps ass'" t$ *o/"n)ntt$at )i*"ant wo"+"s a" p"op". !po.! an! a" )po.! 'n!" !(nt an!$')an (on!itions&J B4

T$ Co'"t>s R'in*

T$ Co'"t s'stains ptition" on t$ #i"st an! s(on! iss's&

7$n t$ Co'"t is (a! 'pon to 0"(is its pow" o# '!i(ia "/iw o# t$ a(ts o# its(os appa wit$ t$ NLRC, -'t in $is Motion #o" Pa"tiaR(onsi!"ation wit$ sai! a-o" t"i-'na, 53 an! "it"at! in $is Ptition #o" C"tio"a"i-#o" t$ CA& 5B Nont$ss, t$ iss' is !)! sasona-. "ais! -(a's it isnot t$ NLRC -'t t$ CA w$i($ $as t$ (o)ptn( to "so/ t$ (onstit'tiona iss'&T$ NLRC is a a-o" t"i-'na t$at )". p"#o")s a @'asi


6/51

p"o/isions& T$ CA, on t$ ot$" $an!, is /st! wit$ t$ pow" o# '!i(ia "/iw o" t$pow" to !(a" 'n(onstit'tiona a aw o" a p"o/ision t$"o#, s'($ as t$ s'-(t(a's& 54 Ptition">s int"position o# t$ (onstit'tiona iss' -#o" t$ CA was'n!o'-t!. sasona-& T$ CA was t$"#o" ")iss in #aiin* to ta+ 'p t$ iss' inits !(ision&

T$ t$i"! (on!ition t$at t$ (onstit'tiona iss' - ("iti(a to t$ "so'tion o# t$ (asi+wis o-tains -(a's t$ )onta". (ai) o# ptition" to $is ')p


7/51

Un!" A)"i(an '"isp"'!n(, st"i(t '!i(ia s("'tin. is t"i**"! -. s'sp(t(assi#i(ations 3 -as! on "a( B o" *n!" 5 -'t not w$n t$ (assi#i(ation is!"awn aon* in(o) (at*o"is& 4

It is !i##"nt in t$ P$iippin sttin*& In Cnt"a %an+ ;now %an*+o Snt"a n* Piipinas=E)po. Asso(iation, In(& /& %an*+o Snt"a n* Piipinas, t$ (onstit'tionait. o# ap"o/ision in t$ ($a"t" o# t$ %an*+o Snt"a n* Piipinas ;%SP=, a *o/"n)nt#inan(ia instit'tion ;GFI=, was ($an*! #o" )aintainin* its "an+


8/51

)a"+ta-iit., it is t$. H an! not t$ o##i("s H w$o $a/ t$ "a (ono)i( an!#inan(ia n! #o" t$ a!'st)nt& T$is is in a((o"! wit$ t$ poi(. o# t$ Constit'tion Jto#" t$ pop #"o) po/"t., p"o/i! a!@'at so(ia s"/i(s, 0tn! to t$) a !(ntstan!a"! o# i/in*, an! i)p"o/ t$ @'ait. o# i# #o" a&J An. a(t o# Con*"ss t$at "'ns(o'nt" to t$is (onstit'tiona !si!"at') !s"/s st"i(t s("'tin. -. t$is Co'"t -#o" it(an pass )'st"& ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

I)-'! wit$ t$ sa) sns o# Jo-i*ation to a##o"! p"ot(tion to a-o"J, t$ Co'"t in t$p"snt (as aso )po.s t$ stan!a"! o# st"i(t '!i(ia s("'tin., #o" it p"(i/s in t$s'-(t (a's a s'sp(t (assi#i(ation p"'!i(ia to OF7s&

Upon ('"so". "a!in*, t$ s'-(t (a's appa"s #a(ia. n't"a, #o" it appis to aOF7s& ow/", a (os" 0a)ination "/as t$at t$ s'-(t (a's $as a!is("i)inato". intnt a*ainst, an! an in/i!io's i)pa(t on, OF7s at two /s:

Fi"st, OF7s wit$ )po.)nt (ont"a(ts o# ss t$an on .a" /is saa". #o" /". .a" o# t$'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ss, (o)s into pa. on. w$n t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(t(on("n! $as a t") o# at ast on ;1= .a" o" )o"& T$is is /i!nt #"o) t$ wo"!s

J#o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t")J w$i($ #oows t$ wo"!s Jsaa"is & & & #o" t$")ont$sJ& To #oow ptition"s> t$in+in* t$at p"i/at "spon!nt is ntit! to t$" ;3=)ont$s saa". on. si)p. -(a's it is t$ ss" a)o'nt is to (o)pt. !is"*a"!an! o/"oo+ so) wo"!s 's! in t$ stat't w$i *i/in* ##(t to so)& T$is is(ont"a". to t$ w saa"., t$is -in* t$ ss" /a', to wit:

Un!" S(tion 12 o# R&A& No& 82B, a wo"+" !is)iss! #"o) o/"sas )po.)ntwit$o't 'st, /ai! o" a't$o"i! (a's is ntit! to $is saa". #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tiono# $is )po.)nt (ont"a(t o" #o" t$" ;3= )ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"),w$i($/" is ss& SATEI

In t$ (as at -a", t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# p"i/at "spon!nt>s )po.)nt (ont"a(t isi*$t ;8= )ont$s& P"i/at "spon!nt s$o'! t$"#o" - pai! $is -asi( saa".(o""spon!in* to t$" ;3= )ont$s o" a tota o# SR3,422& 8

Anot$" was T"ip


9/51

!a C"' 84

Tai!ano /& 1 )ont$s 3 )ont$s 9 )ont$s 3 )ont$sFa(on 8

Uni/an /& 1 )ont$s 3 )ont$s 9 )ont$s 3 )ont$sCA 88

O"inta /& 1 )ont$s )o" t$an 12 )ont$s 3 )ont$sCA 89 )ont$s

PCL /& 1 )ont$s )o" t$an )o" o" ss 9 3 )ont$sNLRC 92 )ont$s )ont$s

Oa"t /& 1 )ont$s 1 !a.s 11 )ont$s an! 3 )ont$sNa.ona 91 9 !a.s

SS /& 1 )ont$s 14 !a.s 11 )ont$s an! 3 )ont$sF""" 9 B !a.s

Pnta*on /& 1 )ont$s 9 )ont$s an! )ont$s an! )ont$s an!A!anta" 93 !a.s 3 !a.s 3 !a.s

P$i& E)po. 1 )ont$s 12 )ont$s )ont$s Un0pi"!/& Pa"a)io, po"tiont a& 9B ECI(

Fo'"is$ .a"s 4 !a.s 3 )ont$s an! 4 )ont$s o"Ma"iti) /& B !a.s 3 )ont$s #o"

A)ano" 95 a($ .a" o# (ont"a(t

At$nna 1 .a", 12 1 )ont$ 1 .a", 9 4 )ont$s o"Manpow" /& )ont$s )ont$s an! 3 )ont$s #o"Vianos 94 an! 8 !a.s 8 !a.s a($ .a" o# (ont"a(t

As t$ #o"*oin* )at"i0 "a!i. s$ows, t$ s'-(t (a's (assi#is OF7s into two(at*o"is& T$ #i"st (at*o". in('!s OF7s wit$ #i0!


10/51

%a""os /& 1 )ont$s B )ont$s 8 )ont$s 8 )ont$sNLRC,t a& 123

P$iippin 1 )ont$s 4 )ont$s an! 5 )ont$s an! 5 )ont$s an!T"ans)a"in /& !a.s 18 !a.s 18 !a.sCa"ia 12B

It is pain t$at p"io" to R&A& No& 82B, a OF7s, "*a"!ss o# (ont"a(t p"io!s o" t$'n0pi"! po"tions t$"o#, w" t"at! ai+ in t")s o# t$ (o)p'tation o# t$i")onta". -n#its in (as o# i*a !is)issa& T$i" (ai)s w" s'-(t! to a 'ni#o")"' o# (o)p'tation: t$i" -asi( saa"is )'tipi! -. t$ nti" 'n0pi"! po"tion o#t$i" )po.)nt (ont"a(ts& TaSC

T$ na(t)nt o# t$ s'-(t (a's in R&A& No& 82B int"o!'(! a !i##"ntiat! "' o#(o)p'tation o# t$ )on. (ai)s o# i*a. !is)iss! OF7s -as! on t$i")po.)nt p"io!s, in t$ p"o(ss sin*in* o't on (at*o". w$os (ont"a(ts $a/ an'n0pi"! po"tion o# on .a" o" )o" an! s'-(tin* t$) to t$ p('ia" !isa!/anta*o# $a/in* t$i" )onta". awa"!s i)it! to t$i" saa"is #o" 3 )ont$s o" #o" t$'n0pi"! po"tion t$"o#, w$i($/" is ss, -'t a t$ w$i spa"in* t$ ot$" (at*o".#"o) s'($ p"'!i(, si)p. -(a's t$ att">s 'n0pi"! (ont"a(ts #a s$o"t o# on.a"&

A)on* OF7s 7it$ E)po.)ntCont"a(ts o# Mo" T$an On Da"

Upon (os" 0a)ination o# t$ t")inoo*. )po.! in t$ s'-(t (a's, t$ Co'"tnow $as )is*i/in*s on t$ a(('"a(. o# t$ Ma"sa)an int"p"tation&

T$ Co'"t nots t$at t$ s'-(t (a's Jo" #o" t$" ;3= )ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ssJ (ontains t$ @'ai#.in* p$"ass J/". .a"J an!J'n0pi"! t")J& %. its o"!ina". )anin*, t$ wo"! Jt")J )ans a i)it! o" !#init0tnt o# ti)& 125 Co"oa"i., t$at J/". .a"J is -'t pa"t o# an J'n0pi"! t")J issi*ni#i(ant in )an. wa.s: #i"st, t$ 'n0pi"! t") )'st - at ast on .a", #o" i# itw" an. s$o"t", t$" wo'! - no o((asion #o" s'($ 'n0pi"! t") to - )as'"!-. /". .a" an! s(on!, t$ o"i*ina t") )'st - )o" t$an on .a", #o" ot$"wis,

w$at/" wo'! - t$ 'n0pi"! t") t$"o# wi not "a($ /n a .a"& Cons@'nt.,t$ )o" !(isi/ #a(to" in t$ !t")ination o# w$n t$ s'-(t (a's J#o" t$" ;3=)ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ssJ s$a app. is not t$n*t$ o# t$ o"i*ina (ont"a(t p"io! as $! in Ma"sa)an, 124 -'t t$ n*t$ o# t$'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ (ont"a(t p"io! H t$ s'-(t (a's appis in (ass w$n t$'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ (ont"a(t p"io! is at ast on .a", w$i($ a"it$)ti(a."@'i"s t$at t$ o"i*ina (ont"a(t p"io! - )o" t$an on .a"& ECI(

Viw! in t$at i*$t, t$ s'-(t (a's ("ats a s'-


11/51

o# t$i" (ont"a(ts, 0(pt #o" "asons o# ins'-o"!ination in s"io's )att"s, "o--".,t$#t, $a-it'a !"'n+nnss, an! !a)a* (a's! to t$ /ss o" to its (a"*o -. )ai(o" )ani#st o" p"o/n n*i*n(&

A"ti( 425 was appi! to Ma!"i*a S$ippin* Co)pan., In(& /& O*i/i, 112 in w$i($ t$Co'"t $! t$ s$ippin* (o)pan. ia- #o" t$ saa"is an! s'-sistn( aowan( o# itsi*a. !is)iss! )po.s #o" t$ nti" 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" )po.)nt(ont"a(ts&

7$i A"ti( 425 $as ")ain! *oo! aw 'p to t$ p"snt, 111 A"ti( 99 o# t$ Co!o# Co))"( was "pa(! -. A"t& 1584 o# t$ Ci/i Co! o# 1889, to wit:

A"ti( 1584& Fi! $an!s, )($ani(s, a"tisans, an! ot$" a-o""s $i"! #o" a ("tainti) an! #o" a ("tain wo"+ (annot a/ o" - !is)iss! wit$o't s'##i(int (a's,-#o" t$ #'#i)nt o# t$ (ont"a(t& ;E)p$asis s'ppi!&=

Citin* Man"sa, t$ Co'"t in L)oin /& A+an 11 "a! t$ !is'n(ti/ Jo"J in A"ti(1584 as a (on'n(ti/ Jan!J so as to app. t$ p"o/ision to o(a wo"+"s w$o a")po.! #o" a ti) ("tain at$o'*$ #o" no pa"ti('a" s+i& T$is int"p"tation o# A"ti(1584 was "it"at! in Ga"(ia Pao)a" /& ot ! F"an( Co)pan.& 113 An! in -ot$L)oin an! Pao)a", t$ Co'"t a!opt! t$ *n"a p"in(ip t$at in a(tions #o"w"on*#' !is($a"* #o'n!! on A"ti( 1584, o(a wo"+"s a" ntit! to "(o/"!a)a*s to t$ 0tnt o# t$ a)o'nt stip'at! to - pai! to t$) -. t$ t")s o# t$i"

(ont"a(t& On t$ (o)p'tation o# t$ a)o'nt o# s'($ !a)a*s, t$ Co'"t in A!a /& Ga.11B $!: IT(A

T$ !o(t"in is w


12/51

s'($ as t$ p'-i( int"st in sa#*'a"!in* $at$ o" )aintainin* )!i(a stan!a"!s,14 o" in )aintainin* a((ss to in#o")ation on )att"s o# p'-i( (on("n& 1

In t$ p"snt (as, t$ Co'"t !'* !p into t$ "(o"!s -'t #o'n! no (o)pin* statint"st t$at t$ s'-(t (a's )a. possi-. s"/&

T$ OSG !#n!s t$ s'-(t (a's as a poi( pow" )as'" J!si*n! to p"ot(tt$ )po.)nt o# Fiipino sa#a""s o/"sas & & & & %. i)itin* t$ ia-iit. to t$")ont$s si(, Fiipino sa#a""s $a/ -tt" ($an( o# *ttin* $i"! -. #o"i*n)po."s&J T$ i)itation aso p"ot(ts t$ int"st o# o(a pa()nt a*n(is, w$i($ot$"wis )a. - )a! to s$o'!" )iions o# psos in Jt")ination pa.J& 18

T$ OSG 0pain! #'"t$":

O#tn, pa()nt a*n(is, t$i" ia-iit. -in* soi!a"., s$o'!" t$ pa.)nt o# )on.(ai)s in t$ /nt t$at '"is!i(tion o/" t$ #o"i*n )po." is not a(@'i"! -. t$(o'"t o" i# t$ #o"i*n )po." "n*s on its o-i*ation& n(, pa()nt a*n(ist$at a" in *oo! #ait$ an! w$i($ #'#i t$i" o-i*ations a" 'nn(ssa"i. pnai! #o"t$ a(ts o# t$ #o"i*n )po."& To p"ot(t t$) an! to p"o)ot t$i" (ontin'! $p#'(ont"i-'tion in !po.in* Fiipino )i*"ant wo"+"s, ia-iit. #o" )on. a" "!'(! 'n!"S(tion 12 o# RA 82B& Ia(T

T$is )as'" "!o'n!s to t$ -n#it o# t$ )i*"ant wo"+"s w$os w#a" t$

*o/"n)nt s+s to p"o)ot& T$ s'"/i/a o# *iti)at pa()nt a*n(is $psass'" t$ *o/"n)nt t$at )i*"ant wo"+"s a" p"op". !po.! an! a" )po.!'n!" !(nt an! $')an (on!itions& 19 ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

ow/", now$" in t$ Co))nt o" M)o"an!') !os t$ OSG (it t$ so'"( o#its p"(ption o# t$ stat int"st so'*$t to - s"/! -. t$ s'-(t (a's&

T$ OSG o(ats t$ p'"pos o# R&A& No& 82B in t$ sp($ o# Rp& %oni#a(io Ga*oin sponso"s$ip o# o's %i No& 1B31B ;% 1B31B=, #"o) w$i($ t$ aw o"i*inat! 132-'t t$ sp($ )a+s no "#"n( to t$ 'n!".in* "ason #o" t$ a!option o# t$s'-(t (a's& T$at is on. nat'"a #o" non o# t$ 9 p"o/isions in % 1B31B"s)-s t$ s'-(t (a's&

On t$ ot$" $an!, Snat %i No& 2 ;S% 2= (ontains a p"o/ision on )on.

(ai)s, to wit:

S(& 12& Mon. Cai)s& H Notwit$stan!in* an. p"o/ision o# aw to t$ (ont"a"., t$La-o" A"-it"s o# t$ Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission ;NLRC= s$a $a/ t$o"i*ina an! 0('si/ '"is!i(tion to $a" an! !(i!, wit$in nint. ;92= (an!a" !a.sa#t" t$ #iin* o# t$ (o)paint, t$ (ai)s a"isin* o't o# an )po."


13/51

s(to" is (o)pos! o# OF7s w$os p"ot(tion no ss t$an t$ Constit'tion(o))an!s& T$ i!a t$at p"i/at -'sinss int"st (an - /at! to t$ / o# a(o)pin* stat int"st is o!io's& ES(IAa

Mo"o/", /n i# t$ p'"pos o# t$ s'-(t (a's is to ssn t$ soi!a". ia-iit. o#pa()nt a*n(is /is


14/51

in!i(at t$at t$" is an 0istin* *o/"n)nta p'"pos #o" t$ s'-(t (a's, o" /n'st a p"t0t o# on&

T$ s'-(t (a's !os not stat o" i)p. an. !#initi/ *o/"n)nta p'"pos an! itis #o" t$at p"(is "ason t$at t$ (a's /ioats not 'st ptition">s "i*$t to @'ap"ot(tion, -'t aso $" "i*$t to s'-stanti/ !' p"o(ss 'n!" S(tion 1, 13 A"ti( IIIo# t$ Constit'tion&

T$ s'-(t (a's -in* 'n(onstit'tiona, ptition" is ntit! to $is saa"is #o" t$

nti" 'n0pi"! p"io! o# nin )ont$s an! 3 !a.s o# $is )po.)nt (ont"a(t,p'"s'ant to aw an! '"isp"'!n( p"io" to t$ na(t)nt o# R&A& No& 82B&

On t$ T$i"! Iss'

Ptition" (ontn!s t$at $is o/"ti) an! a/ pa. s$o'! #o") pa"t o# t$ saa". -asisin t$ (o)p'tation o# $is )onta". awa"!, -(a's t$s a" #i0! -n#its t$at $a/-n stip'at! into $is (ont"a(t&

Ptition" is )ista+n&

T$ wo"! saa"is in S(tion 12 ;5= !os not in('! o/"ti) an! a/ pa.& Fo"sa#a""s i+ ptition", OLE pa"t)nt O"!" No& 33, s"is 1994, p"o/i!s aStan!a"! E)po.)nt Cont"a(t o# Sa#a""s, in w$i($ saa". is 'n!"stoo! as t$ -asi(

wa*, 0('si/ o# o/"ti), a/ pa. an! ot$" -on'ss w$"as o/"ti) pa. is(o)pnsation #o" a wo"+ Jp"#o")!J in 0(ss o# t$ "*'a" i*$t $o'"s, an! $oi!a.pa. is (o)pnsation #o" an. wo"+ Jp"#o")!J on !si*nat! "st !a.s an! $oi!a.s&SA(CI

%. t$ #o"*oin* !#inition aon, t$" is no -asis #o" t$ a'to)ati( in('sion o#o/"ti) an! $oi!a. pa. in t$ (o)p'tation o# ptition">s )onta". awa"!, 'nsst$" is /i!n( t$at $ p"#o")! wo"+ !'"in* t$os p"io!s& As t$ Co'"t $! inCntnnia T"ans)a"in, In(& /& a C"', 138

ow/", t$ pa.)nt o# o/"ti) pa. an! a/ pa. s$o'! - !isaow! in i*$t o#o'" "'in* in Ca*a)pan /& Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission, to wit:

T$ "n!ition o# o/"ti) wo"+ an! t$ s'-)ission o# s'##i(int p"oo# t$at sai! was

a(t'a. p"#o")! a" (on!itions to - satis#i! -#o" a sa)an (o'! - ntit! too/"ti) pa. w$i($ s$o'! - (o)p't! on t$ -asis o# 32 o# t$ -asi( )ont$.saa".& In s$o"t, t$ (ont"a(t p"o/ision *'a"ants t$ "i*$t to o/"ti) pa. -'t t$ntit)nt to s'($ -n#it )'st #i"st - sta-is$!&

In t$ sa) /in, t$ (ai) #o" t$ !a.>s a/ pa. #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$(ont"a(t is 'nwa""ant! sin( t$ sa) is *i/n !'"in* t$ a(t'a s"/i( o# t$sa)n&

7EREFORE, t$ Co'"t GRANTS t$ Ptition& T$ s'-(t (a's Jo" #o" t$")ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ssJ in t$ 5t$ pa"a*"ap$ o#S(tion 12 o# Rp'-i( A(t No& 82B is ECLARE UNCONSTITUTIONAL an! t$()-" 8, 22B (ision an! Ap"i 1, 225 Rso'tion o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas a"MOIFIE to t$ ##(t t$at ptition" is A7ARE $is saa"is #o" t$ nti"'n0pi"! po"tion o# $is )po.)nt (ont"a(t (onsistin* o# nin )ont$s an! 3 !a.s(o)p't! at t$ "at o# USK1,B22&22 p" )ont$&

SIPPER V OZA

T$is is a Ptition #o" R/iw 'n!" R' B5 assaiin* t$ 5 '. 224 (ision 1 an! No/)-" 224 Rso'tion o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas in CAs #s&

G"a(ia, Lata, Ap"osta an! oa>s ; G"a(ia, t a&= (ai)s w" !is)iss! -. t$La-o" A"-it" #o" a(+ o# )"it& 5 T$ La-o" A"-it" aso !is)iss! S+ipp"s> (ai)s& 4

G"a(ia, t a& appa! t$ La-o" A"-it">s !(ision wit$ t$ Nationa La-o"Rations Co))ission ;NLRC=, -'t t$ Fi"st i/ision o# t$ NLRC !is)iss! t$ appa#o" a(+ o# )"it& 8 oa, t a&>s Motion #o" R(onsi!"ation was i+wis !ni! -. t$NLRC, 9 so t$. #i! a Ptition #o" C"tio"a"i wit$ t$ Co'"t o# Appas ;CA=& 12

T$ CA *"ant! t$ ptition, "/"s! t$ La-o" A"-it" an! NLRC (isions, an!awa"!! to G"a(ia, Lata an! Ap"osta t$i" 'n")itt! $o) aot)nt, t$" )ont$ssaa". a($ "p"sntin* t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" )po.)nt (ont"a(ts an!atto"n.>s #s& 11 No awa"! was *i/n to oa #o" a(+ o# #a(t'a -asis& 1 T$ CA!ni! S+ipp"s> Motion #o" Pa"tia R(onsi!"ation& 13 n(, t$is Ptition&

T$ Fa(ts

S+ipp"s Unit! Pa(i#i(, In(& !po.!, in -$a# o# S+ipp"s, G"a(ia, Lata, an!

Ap"osta to wo"+ on -oa"! t$ /ss MV 7is!o) Sta", 'n!" t$ #oowin* t")s an!(on!itions:

Na): Napoon O& G"a(iaPosition: 3"! En*in"Cont"a(t '"ation: 12 )ont$s%asi( Mont$. Saa".: USK822&22Cont"a(t at: 1 '. 1998 1BNa): Isi!"o L& Lata ETC(SaPosition: Bt$ En*in"


15/51

Cont"a(t '"ation: 1 )ont$s%asi( Mont$. Saa".: USK422&22Cont"a(t at: 1 Ap"i 1998 15

Na): C$a"i A& Ap"ostaPosition: T$i"! O##i("Cont"a(t '"ation: 1 )ont$s%asi( Mont$. Saa".: USK422&22Cont"a(t at: 1 Ap"i 1998 14

Pa"a*"ap$ o# a t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(ts stat! t$at: JT$ t")s an! (on!itions o#t$ R/is! E)po.)nt Cont"a(t Go/"nin* t$ E)po.)nt o# A Sa#a""sapp"o/! p" pa"t)nt O"!" No& 33 an! M)o"an!') Ci"('a" No& 55, -ot$ s"iso# 1994 s$a - st"i(t. an! #ait$#'. o-s"/!&J 1 No )po.)nt (ont"a(t wass'-)itt! #o" Nat$ani oa&

G"a(ia, t a&, (ai)! t$at S+ipp"s #ai! to ")it t$i" "sp(ti/ aot)nts #o"a)ost #i/ )ont$s, (o)pin* t$) to ai" t$i" *"i/an(s wit$ t$ Ro)anianSa#a""s F" Union& 18 On 14 ()-" 1998, ITF Insp(to" A!"ian Mi$a(ioi' o# t$Ro)anian Sa#a""s Union snt Captain Sa//as o# Cos)os S$ippin* a #a0 tt","a.in* t$ (o)paints o# $is ("w, na).: $o) aot)nt !a., 'npai! saa"is ;on.a!/an(s=, at p"o/isions, a(+ o# a'n!". s"/i(s ;on. on was$in* )a($in=, an!a(+ o# )aintnan( o# t$ /ss ;p"#o"at! an! 'n"pai"! !(+=& 19 To !at,

$ow/", S+ipp"s on. #ai! to ")it t$ $o) aot)nt #o" t$ )ont$ o# ()-"1998& 2 On 8 an'a". 1999, G"a(ia, t a& w" 'n(")onio's. !is($a"*! #"o)MV 7is!o) Sta"s an! i))!iat. "pat"iat!& 1 Upon a""i/a in t$ P$iippins, G"a(ia, t a& #i! a (o)paint #o" i*a !is)issa wit$ t$ La-o" A"-it" on B Ap"i 1999an! p"a.! #o" pa.)nt o# t$i" $o) aot)nt #o" t$ )ont$ o# ()-" 1998,saa"is #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" (ont"a(ts, )o"a !a)a*s, 0)pa".!a)a*s, an! atto"n.>s #s&

S+ipp"s, on t$ ot$" $an!, (ai)s t$at at a"o'n! :22 a&)& on 3 ()-" 1998, G"a(ia, s)in* st"on*. o# a(o$o, wnt to t$ (a-in o# Ga-"i Os+, Mast" o# MV7is!o) Sta"s, an! was "'!, s$o'tin* noisi. to t$ )ast"& 3 G"a(ia #t t$)ast">s (a-in a#t" a #w )in'ts an! was $a"! s$o'tin* /". o'!. so)w$"!own t$ (o""i!o"s& B T$is in(i!nt was /i!n(! -. t$ Captain>s Rpo"t snt /iat0 to S+ipp"s on sai! !at& 5

S+ipp"s aso (ai)s t$at at 1:22 noon on an'a". 1999, #o'" Fiipino sa#a""s,na). Ap"osta, G"a(ia, Lata an! oa, a""i/! in t$ )ast">s (a-in an!!)an!! i))!iat "pat"iation -(a's t$. w" not satis#i! wit$ t$ s$ip& 4 G"a(ia, t a& t$"atn! t$at t$. )a. -(o) ("a. an. )o)nt an! !)an!! #o"a o'tstan!in* pa.)nts !' to t$)& T$is is /i!n(! -. a t0 o# Cos)os$ipMV 7is!o) to S+ipp"s, w$i($ $ow/" -a"s (on#i(tin* !ats o# an'a". 1998an! an'a". 1999& 8

S+ipp"s aso (ai)s t$at, !' to t$ !is)-a"+ation o# G"a(ia, t a&, 1 ot$"sa#a""s !is)-a"+! 'n!" a-no")a (i"(')stan(s& 9 Fo" t$is "ason, it wass'**st! t$at Pois$ sa#a""s - 'tii! insta! o# Fiipino sa)n& 32 T$is is a*ain/i!n(! -. a #a0 o# Cos)os$ip MV 7is!o) to S+ipp"s, w$i($ -a"s (on#i(tin*!ats o# B an'a". 1998 an! B an'a". 1999& 31

S+ipp"s, in its Position Pap", a!)itt! non


16/51

saa"is "p"sntin* t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" )po.)nt (ont"a(ts was!is)iss!& 39

T$ La-o" A"-it" aso !is)iss! G"a(ia t a&>s (ai) #o" $o) aot)nt #o"()-" 1998& B2 T$ La-o" A"-it" 0pain! t$at pa.)nt #o" $o) aot)nt is Jint$ nat'" o# 0t"ao"!ina". )on. w$" t$ -'"!n o# p"oo# is s$i#t! to t$ wo"+"w$o )'st p"o/ $ is ntit! to s'($ )onta". -n#it&J B1 Sin( G"a(ia, t a&,w" not a- to p"o/ t$i" ntit)nt to $o) aot)nt, s'($ (ai) was !is)iss!&B

Last., S+ipp"s> (ai) #o" "i)-'"s)nt o# "pat"iation 0pnss was i+wis !ni!,sin( A"ti( 19 ;G= o# POEA M)o"an!') Ci"('a" No& 55, S"is o# 1994 aows t$)po.", in (as t$ sa#a"" /o'nta"i. p"s appa #o" a(+ o# )"itan! a##i")! t$ La-o" A"-it">s !(ision& BB T$ NLRC (onsi!"! G"a(ia, t a&>s(ai) #o" $o) aot)nt #o" ()-" 1998 'ns'-stantiat!, sin( $o) aot)nt isa -n#it w$i($ G"a(ia, t a&, )'st p"o/ t$i" ntit)nt to& B5 T$ NLRC aso!ni! t$ (ai) #o" i*a !is)issa -(a's G"a(ia, t a&, w" not a- to "#'tt$ t0 "(i/! -. S+ipp"s #"o) t$ /ss>s )ast" t$at G"a(ia, t a&,

/o'nta"i. p"s op"ations& B4

T$ (ision o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas

T$ CA, on 5 '. 224, *"ant! G"a(ia, t a&>s ptition an! "/"s! t$ !(isionso# t$ La-o" A"-it" an! NLRC, its !ispositi/ po"tion "a!in* as #oows:

7EREFORE, t$ instant ptition #o" ("tio"a"i is GRANTE& T$ Rso'tion !at!O(to-" 8, 22 an! t$ O"!" !at! A'*'st 31, 22B "n!"! -. t$ p'-i("spon!nt NLRC a" ANNULLE an! SET ASIE& Lt anot$" '!*)nt - nt"!$o!in* p"i/at "spon!nts oint. an! s/"a. ia- to ptition"s #o" t$ pa.)nt o#:

1&Un")itt! $o) aot)nt pa. #o" t$ )ont$ o# ()-", 1998 o" t$ @'i/ant

t$"o# in P$iippin psos:a& G"a(ia USK922&22-&Lata USK422&22(&Ap"osta USK422&22

&Saa". #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(t o" #o" 3 )ont$s #o" /"..a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ss, o" t$ @'i/ant t$"o# in P$iippinpsos:a& G"a(ia USK,B22&22-&Lata USK1,822&22

(&Ap"osta USK1,822&223&Atto"n.>s #s an! iti*ation 0pnss @'i/ant to 12 o# t$ tota (ai)s&

SO ORERE& B

T$ CA !(a"! t$ La-o" A"-it" an! NLRC to $a/ (o))itt! *"a/ a-'s o#!is("tion w$n t$. "i! 'pon t$ t0 )ssa* o# t$ (aptain o# t$ /ss statin*t$at G"a(ia, t a&, /o'nta"i. p"s #s @'i/ant to 12 o# t$ tota (ai)s was *"ant! sin( it in/o/! an

a(tion #o" "(o/". o# wa*s o" w$" t$ )po. was #o"(! to iti*at an! in('"0pnss to p"ot(t $is "i*$ts an! int"st& 5B

T$ Iss's

S+ipp"s, in its Ptition #o" R/iw on C"tio"a"i, assi*n! t$ #oowin* ""o"s in t$ CA(ision:

a=T$ Co'"t o# Appas s"io's. ""! in not *i/in* !' ("!n( to t$ )ast">s t0)ssa* s$owin* t$at t$ "spon!nts /o'nta"i. "@'st! to - "pat"iat!&

-=T$ Co'"t o# Appas s"io's. ""! in #in!in* ptition"s ia- to pa. -a(+wa*san! t$ a*! 'n")itt! $o) aot)nt pa. !spit t$ #in!in* o# t$ La-o" A"-it"an! t$ NLRC t$at t$ (ai)s a" -asss&

(=T$ Co'"t o# Appas s"io's. ""! in awa"!in* atto"n.>s #s in #a/o" o#"spon!nts !spit its #in!in*s t$at t$ #a(ts attn!in* in t$is (as !o not s'ppo"t t$(ai) #o" )o"a an! 0)pa". !a)a*s& 55

T$ R'in* o# t$is Co'"t

7 !n. t$ ptition an! a##i") t$ CA (ision, -'t )o!i#. t$ awa"!&


17/51

Fo" a wo"+">s !is)issa to - (onsi!"! /ai!, it )'st (o)p. wit$ -ot$ p"o(!'"aan! s'-stanti/ !' p"o(ss& T$ *ait. o# t$ )ann" o# !is)issa (onstit'tsp"o(!'"a !' p"o(ss, w$i t$ *ait. o# t$ a(t o# !is)issa (onstit'ts s'-stanti/!' p"o(ss& 54

P"o(!'"a !' p"o(ss in !is)issa (ass (onsists o# t$ twin "@'i")nts o# noti(an! $a"in*& T$ )po." )'st #'"nis$ t$ )po. wit$ two w"ittn noti(s -#o"t$ t")ination o# )po.)nt (an - ##(t!: ;1= t$ #i"st noti( app"iss t$)po. o# t$ pa"ti('a" a(ts o" o)issions #o" w$i($ $is !is)issa is so'*$t an! ;=

t$ s(on! noti( in#o")s t$ )po. o# t$ )po.">s !(ision to !is)iss $i)&%#o" t$ iss'an( o# t$ s(on! noti(, t$ "@'i")nt o# a $a"in* )'st -(o)pi! wit$ -. *i/in* t$ wo"+" an oppo"t'nit. to - $a"!& It is not n(ssa". t$atan a(t'a $a"in* - (on!'(t!& 5

S'-stanti/ !' p"o(ss, on t$ ot$" $an!, "@'i"s t$at !is)issa -. t$ )po." -)a! 'n!" a 'st o" a't$o"i! (a's 'n!" A"ti(s 8 to 8B o# t$ La-o" Co!&

In t$is (as, t$" was no w"ittn noti( #'"nis$! to G"a(ia, t a&, "*a"!in* t$(a's o# t$i" !is)issa& Cos)os$ip #'"nis$! a w"ittn noti( ;t0= to S+ipp"s, t$o(a )annin* a*n(., (ai)in* t$at G"a(ia, t a&, w" "pat"iat! -(a's t$att" /o'nta"i. p"s !is)issa was i*a, t$i" "pat"iation 0pnss w" #o" t$a((o'nt o# S+ipp"s an! (o'! not - o##st wit$ t$ $o) aot)nt pa.&

Cont"a". to t$ (ai) o# t$ La-o" A"-it" an! NLRC t$at t$ $o) aot)nt pa. is inJt$ nat'" o# 0t"ao"!ina". )on. w$" t$ -'"!n o# p"oo# is s$i#t! to t$ wo"+"w$o )'st p"o/ $ is ntit! to s'($ )onta". -n#it,J S(tion 8 o# POEA

M)o"an!') Ci"('a" No& 55, s"is o# 1994, stats t$at t$ aot)nt a(t'a.(onstit'ts at ast i*$t. p"(nt ;82= o# t$ sa#a"">s saa".: S(CET

T$ sa#a"" is "@'i"! to )a+ an aot)nt w$i($ is pa.a- on( a )ont$ to $is!si*nat! aott in t$ P$iippins t$"o'*$ an. a't$o"i! P$iippin -an+& T$)ast"6)po."6a*n(. s$a p"o/i! t$ sa#a"" wit$ #a(iitis to !o so at no 0pnsto t$ sa#a""& T$ aot)nt s$a - at ast i*$t. p"(nt ;82= o# t$ sa#a"">s)ont$. -asi( saa". in('!in* -a(+wa*s, i# an.& ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

Pa"a*"ap$ o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(ts o# G"a(ia, Lata an! Ap"osta in(o"po"at!t$ p"o/isions o# a-o/ M)o"an!') Ci"('a" No& 55, s"is o# 1994, in t$)po.)nt (ont"a(ts& Sin( sai! ))o"an!') stats t$at $o) aot)nt o#sa#a""s a(t'a. (onstit'ts at ast i*$t. p"(nt ;82= o# t$i" saa"., $o)aot)nt pa. is not in t$ nat'" o# an 0t"ao"!ina". )on. o" -n#it, -'t s$o'!a(t'a. - (onsi!"! as saa". w$i($ s$o'! - pai! #o" s"/i(s "n!"!& Fo" t$is"ason, s'($ non


18/51

T$ Mi*"ant 7o"+"s A(t p"o/i!s t$at saa"is #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$)po.)nt (ont"a(t o" t$" ;3= )ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"),w$i($/" is ss, s$a - awa"!! to t$ o/"sas Fiipino wo"+", in (ass o# i*a!is)issa& ow/", in B Ma"($ 229, S""ano /& Gaant Ma"iti) S"/i(s an!Ma"ow Na/i*ation Co&, In(&, 58 t$ Co'"t, in an En %an( (ision, !(a"!'n(onstit'tiona t$ (a's Jo" #o" t$" )ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"),w$i($/" is ssJ an! awa"!! t$ nti" 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(tto t$ o/"sas Fiipino wo"+"&

On 8 Ma"($ 212, $ow/", S(tion o# Rp'-i( A(t No& 122 ;RA 122= a)n!!S(tion 12 o# t$ Mi*"ant 7o"+"s A(t, an! on( a*ain "it"at! t$ p"o/ision o#awa"!in* t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(t o" t$" ;3= )ont$s #o"/". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ss&

N/"t$ss, sin( t$ t")ination o(('""! on an'a". 1999 -#o" t$ passa* o#t$ a)n!ato". RA 122, w s$a app. RA 82B, as 'na)n!!, wit$o't to'($in*on t$ (onstit'tionait. o# S(tion o# RA 122&

T$ !(a"ation in Ma"($ 229 o# t$ 'n(onstit'tionait. o# t$ (a's Jo" #o" t$")ont$s #o" /". .a" o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ssJ in RA 82B s$a -*i/n "t"oa(ti/ ##(t to t$ t")ination t$at o(('""! in an'a". 1999 -(a's an'n(onstit'tiona (a's in t$ aw (on#"s no "i*$ts, i)poss no !'tis an! a##o"!s nop"ot(tion& T$ 'n(onstit'tiona p"o/ision is inop"ati/, as i# it was not pass! into aw

at a& 59

As s'($, w (o)p't t$ (ai)s as #oows:

Sa#a"" Cont"a(t Cont"a(t Rpat"iation Un0pi"! Mont$. TotaT")atatT")Saa".Cai)s

G"a(ia12 )ont$s1 '& 19988 an& 19993 )ont$s USK822USK933&3B2 !a.s

Lata1 )ont$s1 Ap"& 19988 an& 1999 )ont$s USK422USK14222 !a.s

Ap"osta1 )ont$s1 Ap"& 19988 an& 1999 )ont$s USK422USK1422

2 !a.sGi/n t$ a-o/ (o)p'tation, w )o!i#. t$ CA>s i)position o# awa"!, an! *"ant to G"a(ia, t a&, saa"is "p"sntin* t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" (ont"a(ts, insta! o#saa"is #o" t$" ;3= )ont$s&

A"ti( 19 o# t$ Ci/i Co! o# t$ P$iippins p"o/i!s #o" "(o/". o# )o"a !a)a*sin ("tain (ass: TAa(

A"t& 19&Mo"a !a)a*s )a. - "(o/"! in t$ #oowin* an! anao*o's (ass:

;1=A ("i)ina o##ns "s'tin* in p$.si(a in'"is;='asi

T$ pa"nts o# t$ #)a s!'(!, a-!'(t!, "ap!, o" a-'s!, "#""! to in No& 3 o#t$is a"ti(, )a. aso "(o/" )o"a !a)a*s&

T$ spo's, !s(n!ants, as(n!ants, an! -"ot$"s an! sist"s )a. -"in* t$ a(tion)ntion! in No& 9 o# t$is a"ti(, in t$ o"!" na)!&

A"ti( 9 o# t$ Ci/i Co!, on t$ ot$" $an!, p"o/i!s #o" "(o/". o# 0)pa".!a)a*s:

A"t& 9&E0)pa". o" (o""(ti/ !a)a*s a" i)pos!, -. wa. o# 0a)p o"(o""(tion #o" t$ p'-i( *oo!, in a!!ition to t$ )o"a, t)p"at, i@'i!at! o"

(o)pnsato". !a)a*s&

In t$is (as, w a*" wit$ t$ CA in not awa"!in* )o"a an! 0)pa". !a)a*s #o"a(+ o# #a(t'a -asis&

Last., A"ti( 28 o# t$ Ci/i Co! p"o/i!s #o" "(o/". o# atto"n.>s #s an!0pnss o# iti*ation:

A"t& 28&In t$ a-sn( o# stip'ation, atto"n.>s #s an! 0pnss o# iti*ation, ot$"t$an '!i(ia (osts, (annot - "(o/"!, 0(pt:

;1=7$n 0)pa". !a)a*s a" awa"!!;=7$n t$ !#n!ant>s a(t o" o)ission $as (o)p! t$ painti## to iti*at wit$ t$i"!p"sons o" to in('" 0pnss to p"ot(t $is int"st

;3=In ("i)ina (ass o# )ai(io's p"os('tion a*ainst t$ painti##;B=In (as o# a (a". 'n#o'n!! (i/i a(tion o" p"o(!in* a*ainst t$ painti##;5=7$" t$ !#n!ant a(t! in *"oss an! /i!nt -a! #ait$ in "#'sin* to satis#. t$painti##>s pain. /ai!, 'st an! !)an!a- (ai);4=In a(tions #o" *a s'ppo"t;=In a(tions #o" t$ "(o/". o# wa*s o# $o's$o! $p"s, a-o""s an! s+i!wo"+"s;8=In a(tions #o" in!)nit. 'n!" wo"+)n>s (o)pnsation an! )po.">s ia-iit. aws;9=In a spa"at (i/i a(tion to "(o/" (i/i ia-iit. a"isin* #"o) a ("i);12=7$n at ast !o'- '!i(ia (osts a" awa"!!


19/51

;11=In an. ot$" (as w$" t$ (o'"t !)s it 'st an! @'ita- t$at atto"n.>s #san! 0pnss o# iti*ation s$o'! - "(o/"!&

In a (ass, t$ atto"n.>s #s an! 0pnss o# iti*ation )'st - "asona-&A"ti( 111 o# t$ La-o" Co! p"o/i!s #o" a )a0i)') awa"! o# atto"n.>s #s in (asso# "(o/". o# wa*s:

A"t& 111&Atto"n.>s #s& Ha&In (ass o# 'naw#' wit$$o!in* o# wa*s, t$ ('pa- pa"t. )a. - assss!

atto"n.>s #s @'i/ant to tn p"(nt o# t$ a)o'nt o# wa*s "(o/"!& (aIA-&It s$a - 'naw#' #o" an. p"son to !)an! o" a((pt, in an. '!i(ia o"a!)inist"ati/ p"o(!in*s #o" t$ "(o/". o# wa*s, atto"n.>s #s w$i($ 0(! tnp"(nt o# t$ a)o'nt o# wa*s "(o/"!&

Sin( G"a(ia, t a&, $a! to s('" t$ s"/i(s o# t$ aw." to "(o/" t$i" 'npai!saa"is an! p"ot(t t$i" int"st, w a*" wit$ t$ CA>s i)position o# atto"n.>s #sin t$ a)o'nt o# tn p"(nt ;12= o# t$ tota (ai)s&

7EREFORE, w AFFIRM t$ (ision o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas !at! 5 '. 224 wit$MOIFICATION& Ptition"s S+ipp"s Unit! Pa(i#i(, In(& an! S+ipp"s Ma"iti)S"/i(s, In(&, Lt!& a" oint. an! s/"a. ia- #o" pa.)nt o# t$ #oowin*:

1=Un")itt! $o) aot)nt pa. #o" t$ )ont$ o# ()-" 1998 in its @'i/ant "at

in P$iippin Psos at t$ ti) o# t")ination on 8 an'a". 1999:a& G"a(ia USK922&22-&Lata USK422&22(&Ap"osta USK422&22

=Saa". #o" t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(t o" its ('""nt @'i/antin P$iippin Psos:a& G"a(ia USK,933&3B-&Lata USK1,422&22(&Ap"osta USK1,422&22

3=Atto"n.>s #s an! iti*ation 0pnss @'i/ant to 12 o# t$ tota (ai)s&

SAMEER V %AARO

Assai! in t$is Ptition #o" R/iw is t$ A'*'st , 225 (ision 1 an! O(to-" 11,225 Rso'tion o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas ;CA= in CA )po.)nt (ont"a(ts w" t")inat!an! t$. w" "pat"iat! to t$ P$iippins& T$is p"o)pt! t$ #iin* o# a (o)paint #o"

i*a !is)issa a*ainst ptition" (o)pan. an! its P"si!nt an! Gn"a Mana*",in!i/i!'a ptition" Riaina La)son, 8 wit$ p"a." #o" t$ pa.)nt o# saa"is an!wa*s (o/"in* t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$i" )po.)nt (ont"a(ts in i' o#"instat)nt, an! wit$ a*ations o# i*a !!'(tions an! i*a (o(tion o#pa()nt #s& Rspon!nts %aa"o, Mo"ia an! S')i*(a. i+wis so'*$t"i)-'"s)nt o# t$ a)o'nt t$. p"sona. 0pn!! #o" t$i" pan ti(+ts #o" t$i""t'"n #i*$t, a*in* t$at t$i" )po.)nt (ont"a(ts p"o/i!! #o" #" t"anspo"tation0pnss in *oin* to an! #"o) Taiwan& Co(ti/., "spon!nts p"a.! #o" t$ awa"!o# !a)a*s as w as atto"n.>s #s&

In !#ns, ptition"s (ai)! t$at "spon!nts w" /ai!. "t"n($! !' to s/"-'sinss osss s'##"! -. t$i" #o"i*n p"in(ipa& T$. !ni! t$ a*! !!'(tionsa)o'ntin* to NTK,522&22 #"o) ptition"s> )ont$. saa"is an! t$at, (ons@'nt.,ptition"s a" not ntit! to !a)a*s an! atto"n.>s #s&

T$ La-o" A"-it">s R'in*

In its '. 1, 22 (ision, 9 t$ La-o" A"-it" #o'n! "spon!nts to $a/ -ni*a. !is)iss! #o" ptition"s> #ai'" to s'-stantiat t$i" !#ns o# a /ai!"t"n($)nt& n(, t$ La-o" A"-it" *"ant! "spon!nts> )on. (ai)s, (itin*S(tion 12 o# Rp'-i( A(t ;R&A&= No& 82B 12 as t$n appi(a-, 11 w$i($ p"o/i!s:

S(tion 12&Mon. (ai)s& H & & &

T$ ia-iit. o# t$ p"in(ipa6)po." an! t$ "("'it)nt6pa()nt a*n(. #o" an. an!a (ai)s 'n!" t$is s(tion s$a - oint an! s/"a& T$is p"o/ision s$a -in(o"po"at! in t$ (ont"a(t #o" o/"sas )po.)nt an! s$a - a (on!itionp"(!nt #o" i ts app"o/a& T$ p"#o")an( -on! to - # i! -. t$

"("'it)nt6pa()nt a*n(., as p"o/i!! -. aw, s$a - answ"a- #o" a )on.(ai)s o" !a)a*s t$at )a. - awa"!! to t$ wo"+"s& I# t$ "("'it)nt6pa()nta*n(. is a '"i!i(a -in*, t$ (o"po"at o##i("s an! !i"(to"s an! pa"tn"s as t$ (as)a. -, s$a t$)s/s - oint. an! soi!a"i. ia- wit$ t$ (o"po"ation o"pa"tn"s$ip #o" t$ a#o"sai! (ai)s an! !a)a*s& SEIAC

S'($ ia-iitis s$a (ontin' !'"in* t$ nti" p"io! o" !'"ation o# t$ )po.)nt(ont"a(t an! s$a not - a##(t! -. an. s'-stit'tion, a)n!)nt o" )o!i#i(ation )a!o(a. o" in a #o"i*n (o'nt". o# t$ sai! (ont"a(t&


20/51

An. (o)p"o)is6a)i(a- stt)nt o" /o'nta". a*")nt on )on. (ai)sin('si/ o# !a)a*s 'n!" t$is s(tion s$a - pai! wit$in #o'" ;B= )ont$s #"o) t$app"o/a o# t$ stt)nt -. t$ app"op"iat a't$o"it.&

In (as o# t")ination o# o/"sas )po.)nt wit$o't 'st, /ai! o" a't$o"i! (a'sas !#in! -. aw o" (ont"a(t, t$ wo"+"s s$a - ntit! to t$ #' "i)-'"s)nt o#$is pa()nt # wit$ int"st o# tw/ p"(nt ;1= p" ann') p's $is saa"is #o"t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# $is )po.)nt (ont"a(t o" #o" t$" ;3= )ont$s #o" /". .a"o# t$ 'n0pi"! t"), w$i($/" is ss& ;E)p$asis s'ppi!=

000 000 000A((o"!in*., ptition"s w" !i"(t! to pa. a($ "spon!nt, oint. an! soi!a"i., t$a)o'nt o# PB,922&22 as #' "i)-'"s)nt o# t$i" in!i/i!'a pa()nt #s, wit$ anint"st o# 1 p" ann') t$ a)o'nt o# NTKB,52&22 a($, "p"sntin* t$" ;3=)ont$s> wo"t$ o# t$i" saa". a)o'ntin* to NTK15,8B2&22 t$ a)o'nt o# NTK,522&22w$i($ $a! -n i*a. !!'(t! #"o) "spon!nts> )ont$. saa"is t$ a)o'nt o#NTK4,222&22 a($ as "i)-'"s)nt #o" t$ t"anspo"tation 0pnss o# "spon!nts%aa"o, S')i*(a. an! Mo"ia in *oin* $o) to t$ P$iippins an! atto"n.>s #s o#12 o# t$ tota )onta". awa"!&

T$ !ispositi/ po"tion o# t$ La-o" A"-it">s (ision "a!s:

7EREFORE, a t$ #o"*oin* p")iss (onsi!"!, "spon!nts SAMEER

OVERSEAS PLACEMENT AGENCD, INCORPORATE an! RIZALINA LAMZON, a"$"-. o"!"! oint. an! s/"a. to: AEaSTC

;a=pa. a($ (o)painant an a)o'nt @'i/ant to t$" ;3= )ont$s saa". w$i($ isNTKB,52 o" a tota o# FOUR UNRE SEVENTD FIVE TOUSAN T7OUNRE TAI7AN OLLARS ;NTKB5,22= o" its P$iippin ('""n(. @'i/ant att$ ti) o# pa.)nt;-=pa. a($ (o)painant NTK8,522&22 "p"sntin* t$ a)o'nt t$at $as -n i*a.!!'(t! #"o) t$i" saa"is #o" a p"io! o# /n ;11= )ont$s o" a tota o# EIGTUNRE T7ENTD FIVE TOUSAN TAI7AN OLLARS ;NTK85,222= o" itsP$iippin ('""n(. @'i/ant at t$ ti) o# pa.)nt;(=pa. a($ (o)painant, P$pB,922&22 -. wa. o# "i)-'"s)nt o# pa()nt #s o"a tota o# FOUR UNRE SEVENTD NINE TOUSAN PESOS ;P$pB9,222&22=p's tw/ p"(nt ;1= int"st p" ann')

;!=pa. (o)painants MARICEL %AARO, RAUEL SUMIGCAD an! PAMELAMORILLA NTK4,222&22 as an! -. wa. o# "i)-'"s)nt to t$i" t"anspo"tation0pnss in *oin* $o) to t$ P$iippins, o" its P$iippin ('""n(. at t$ ti) o#pa.)nt;=pa. atto"n.>s #s @'i/ant to tn p"(nt ;12= o# t$ tota )onta". awa"!&

SO ORERE&

T$ NLRC>s R'in*: On appa, t$ NLRC /a(at! an! st asi! 1 t$ La-o" A"-it">s(ision 'pon a #in!in* t$at a t$ "@'i")nts #o" a /ai! "t"n($)nt $a/ -n

sta-is$!, t$'s, t$ "spon!nts w" not i*a. !is)iss!& T$"#o", it #o'n! t$att$ awa"!s o# saa"is (o""spon!in* to t$ 'n0pi"! po"tion o# t$ (ont"a(ts an! t$"#'n! o# pa()nt #s to - -"#t o# an. -asis in #a(t an! in aw& T$ awa"! #o" t$pa.)nt o# t$ saa". !!'(tions was aso not (onsi!"! #o" "spon!nts> #ai'" tos'-stantiat it, an! t$ (ai) #o" "i)-'"s)nt o# 0pnss #o" t$ "t'"n #i*$t o#"spon!nts %aa"o, S')i*(a. an! Mo"ia was si)ia". !isaow!, not $a/in* -n"ais! as a (a's o# a(tion in t$i" (o)paint& EST(C

Last., t$ NLRC a-so/! ptition" La)son o# an. p"sona ia-iit. #o" !a"t$ o#

/i!n( s$owin* t$at s$ a(t! in -a! #ait$, #oowin* t$ o#t R'in*

A**"i/!, "spon!nts /at! t$ (as /ia ptition #o" ("tio"a"i -#o" t$ CAw$i($, in its assai! A'*'st , 225 (ision, 15 n'i#i! an! st asi! t$ p"/io'siss'an(s o# t$ NLRC an! "instat! in toto t$ '. 1, 22 (ision o# t$ La-o"

A"-it"& T$ CA (on('""! wit$ t$ #in!in*s o# t$ La-o" A"-it" t$at ptition"s #ai! to(o)p. wit$ t$ s'-stanti/ an! p"o(!'"a "@'i")nts to ##(t a /ai! "t"n($)nt&

Ptition"s> )otion #o" "(onsi!"ation was i+wis !ni! in t$ Rso'tion 14 !at!O(to-" 11, 225&

Iss's %#o" t$ Co'"t

In t$is ptition #o" "/iw, ptition"s i)p't "/"si- ""o" on t$ pa"t o# t$ CA inn'i#.in* t$ NLRC iss'an(s an! in "instatin* in toto t$ (ision o# t$ La-o"

A"-it", as t$ att" #ai! to ta+ into (onsi!"ation t$ p"in(ips o# p"i/atint"nationa aw, w$i($ #o") pa"t o# t$ aw o# t$ an!, as w as t$ a-o" stan!a"!saws o# t$ Rp'-i( o# C$ina, in "so/in* t$ (o)paint #i! -#o" it& Ptition"s aso(ontn! t$at t$ La-o" A"-it" )is(onst"'! an! )isappi! S(tion 12 o# R&A& 82B&

T$ Co'"t>s R'in*: T$ ptition is -"#t o# )"it& aAC(

At t$ o'tst, t$ Co'"t nots t$at ptition"s a" "aisin* -#o" t$ Co'"t #o" t$ #i"stti), t$ appi(a-iit. o# t$ p"in(ips o# p"i/at int"nationa aw an! t$ a-o"stan!a"!s aws o# t$ Rp'-i( o# C$ina in t$ p"op" int"p"tation o# "spon!nts>)po.)nt (ont"a(ts& R(o"!s s$ow t$at ptition"s n/" a!/an(! t$is iss' at t$#i"st oppo"t'nit. -#o" t$ La-o" A"-it", an! /n in t$ s'-s@'nt p"o(!in*s-#o" t$ NLRC an! t$ CA& Insta!, ptition"s> a"*')nts (onsistnt. (nt"! ont$ 0istn( o# a /ai! "t"n($)nt an! (o)pian( wit$ t$ "@'i")nts to *a.##(t t$ sa)& It -a"s st"ssin* t$at iss's not "ais! in t$ p"o(!in*s -ow(annot - "ais! #o" t$ #i"st ti) on appa& 1 Sp(i#i(a., points o# aw, t$o"is an!a"*')nts not "ais! -#o" t$ appat (o'"t wi not - (onsi!"! -. t$ Co'"t& 18


21/51

T$ Co'"t, t$"#o", s$a i)it t$ "so'tion o# t$is (as on t$ so @'stion o#w$t$" t$ La-o" A"-it">s (ision, as "instat! in toto -. t$ CA, p"op". appi!an! int"p"t! S(tion 12 o# R&A& 82B, t$ p"tinnt po"tions o# w$i($ stat:

S(& 12&Mon. Cai)s& H Notwit$stan!in* an. p"o/ision o# aw to t$ (ont"a"., t$La-o" A"-it"s o# t$ Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission ;NLRC= s$a $a/ t$o"i*ina an! 0('si/ '"is!i(tion to $a" an! !(i!, wit$in nint. ;92= (an!a" !a.sa#t" #iin* o# t$ (o)paint, t$ (ai)s a"isin* o't o# an )po." i*a !is)issa (o)paint wit$ )on. (ai)s is an($o"! ont$ o/"sas )po.)nt (ont"a(ts wit$ ptition"s an! t$ a*ations t$at t$. w"!is)iss! wit$o't 'st, /ai! o" a't$o"i! (a's& 7it$ t$s a*ations, S(tion 12a#o" in!i/i!'a twos #s&

Rspon!nt a*! t$at $" $'s-an! a(into nt"! into an o/"sas )po.)nt(ont"a(t wit$ C"win+, In(& #o" an! in -$a# o# its #o"i*n p"in(ipa G'# Ma"inS"/i(s, t$ !tais o# w$i($ a" as #oows:

'"ation o# Cont"a(t :1 )ont$s

Position:Oi"

%asi( Mont$. Saa".:USK385&22

o'"s o# 7o"+:B8 $"s&6w+&

O/"ti):USK115&52


22/51

Va(ation La/ wit$ pa.:1 )o& a/ a#t" 1 )ont$s

Point o# i":Mania, P$iippins

000 000 000

T"in*t"in* (ai)! t$at -#o" $" $'s-an! was )po.!, $ was s'-(t! to ap"s !at$ to - (o)pnsa- it is

no'*$ t$at $ !i! !'"in* t$ t") o# $is (ont"a(t an! w$i s ti on -oa"!& Rspon!ntass"t! t$at a(into was s'##"in* #"o) a ps.($oti( !iso"!", o" Moo! iso"!" %ipoa"T.p, w$i($ "s't! to $is ')pin* into t$ sa an! $is /nt'a !at$& Rspon!nt#'"t$" ass"t! t$at $" $'s-an!>s !at$ was not !i-"at an! not o# $is own wi, -'twas a "s't o# a )nta !iso"!", t$'s, (o)pnsa-&

Fo" its pa"t, ptition" C"win+ a*! t$at so)ti) on Ap"i 9, 221, a"o'n! 8:2p&)& w$i at Nas" Oi#i!, t$ at a(into T"in*t"in* s'!!n. ')p! into t$ sa,-'t t$ s(on! n*in" was a- to "(o/" $i)& %(a's o# sai! in(i!nt, onp"sonn was !i"(t! to wat($ a(into& ow/", a"o'n! 12:32 p&)&, w$i t$ -oat!"opp! an($o" so't$ o# Nas" Oi#i! an! wnt on stan!-., a(into ')p! o## t$ -oata*ain& A"o'n! 11:22 p&)&, t$ A6% wat($)an "po"t! t$at a(into was "(o/"! -'t!spit ##o"ts to "/i/ $i), $ was a"a!. !a! #"o) !"ownin*&

Ptition" ass"t! t$at T"in*t"in* was not ntit! to t$ -n#its -in* (ai)!,-(a's a(into (o))itt! s'i(i!& spit t$ nons "po"t ont$ in(i!nt, w$i($ w @'ot:

At a""o'n! 222 $"s& M6V Raa 3B2B sti 'n!"wa. to Nas" Co)p0 w6 1 passn*"&218 $"s& A6si! Nas" Co)p0 -oatan!in* to !"op 1 passn*" At 22 $"s& M"&a(into T"in* T"in* s'!!n. ')p to t$ sa, w$i t$ -oat (ast o## #"o) Nas"Co)p0 -oatan!in*& An! t$ s(on! En*"& M"& S'!a"to ')p an! "(o/" M"& a(intoT"in* T"in* t$ oi"&

2B2 $"s& "opp! an($o" so't$ o# Nas" oi#i! an! stan!-.& An! t$at ti) in#o")! toGMS p"sonn a-o't t$ a((i!nt, An! w in#o")! to A6% on !'t. to wat($ M"&

a(into T"in* T"in*& 32 $"s& T$ A6% wat($ )an in#o")! t$at M"& a(into T"in*T"in* ')p a*ain to t$ sa& An! t$at ti) t$ win! N7 12


23/51

SO ORERE&

T$'s, -#o" t$is Co'"t, C"win+, In(& an!6o" G'# Ma"in S"/i(s, as ptition", "ais!t$ #oowin* iss's:

I

7ETER A SPECIAL CIVIL ACTION OF CERTIORARI INCLUES CORRECTIONOF TE NLRC>S EVALUATION OF TE EVIENCE AN FACTUAL FININGS

%ASE TEREON OR CORRECTION OF ERRORS OF FACTS IN TE UGMENTOF TE NLRC

II

7ETER TE NEGLIGENT ACTS OF SUPPOSELD FAILING TO TAE SUCMEASURES FOR TE COMFORT AN SAFETD OF TE ECEASE SEAFARER,

AMONG OTERS, 7IC 7ERE ESPECIALLD EMPASIZE IN TE ASSAILE CAECISION AN 7IC ACTUALLD REFERRE TO ACTS COMMITTE %D TESIPMATES OF TE ECEASE, %UT POSITIVELD ATTRI%UTE TOPETITIONERS AN FOR 7IC TE LATTER ARE NO7 %EING EL LIA%LE H

ARE IN TE NATURE OF AN ENTIRELD IFFERENT SOURCE OF O%LIGATIONTAT IS PREICATE ON UASI


24/51

In t$ instant (as, ptition" was a- to s'-stantia. p"o/ t$at a(into>s !at$ wasatt"i-'ta- to $is !i-"at a(t o# +iin* $i)s# -. ')pin* into t$ sa& Manw$i,"spon!nt, ot$" t$an $" -a" a*ation t$at $" $'s-an! was s'##"in* #"o) a)nta !iso"!", no /i!n(, witnss, o" an. )!i(a "po"t was *i/n to s'ppo"t $"(ai) o# a(into>s insanit.& T$ "(o"! !os not /n s$ow w$n t$ a*! insanit. o#a(into !i! sta"t& o)si(+nss an!6o" #a)i. p"o-)s )a. "s't to !p"ssion, -'tt$ sa) !os not n(ssa"i. @'at to )nta !iso"!"& T$ iss' o# insanit. is a@'stion o# #a(t #o" insanit. is a (on!ition o# t$ )in! not s's(pti- o# t$ 's'a

)ans o# p"oo#& As no )an wo'! +now w$at *os on in t$ )in! o# anot$", t$ stato" (on!ition o# a p"son>s )in! (an on. - )as'"! an! '!*! -. $is -$a/io"&Esta-is$in* t$ insanit. o# an a(('s! "@'i"s opinion tsti)on. w$i($ )a. - *i/n-. a witnss w$o is inti)at. a(@'aint! wit$ t$ p"son (ai)! to - insan, o" w$o$as "ationa -asis to (on('! t$at a p"son was insan -as! on t$ witnss> ownp"(ption o# t$ p"son, o" w$o is @'ai#i! as an 0p"t, s'($ as a ps.($iat"ist& 8 Nos'($ /i!n( was p"snt! to s'ppo"t "spon!nt>s (ai)&

T$ Co'"t (o))is"ats wit$ t$ "spon!nt, -'t a-snt s'-stantia /i!n( #"o)w$i($ "asona- -asis #o" t$ *"ant o# -n#its p"a.! #o" (an - !"awn, t$ Co'"t is#t wit$ no ($oi( -'t to !n. $" ptition, st an in'sti( - (a's! to t$ )po."&Ot$"wis stat!, w$i it is t"' t$at a-o" (ont"a(ts a" i)p"ss! wit$ p'-i( int"stan! t$ p"o/isions o# t$ POEA


25/51

O# t$ tw/ ;1= (o)painants in -ot$ t$ i*a "("'it)nt an! sta#a ($a"*s, t$p"os('tion was a- to p"snt on. s/n ;= o# t$), na).: Anni Fi0 . %a+isanRi(+. 7a!o . Ni(+. onat$an N*aosi . ')pis Ma"i.n A"o . Pa!(a.an E!)'n!i*o . S'-ian*an "o) Monta . Os-n an! Eono" on**as !(ision:

7EREFORE, p")iss (onsi!"!, t$is (o'"t $"-. #in!s t$ a(('s!, Ai!a Co)iaan! C$a"i Co)ia:

1& In C"i)ina Cas No& 14B


26/51

P'"s'ant to a Noti( o# Appa B #i! -. t$ two a(('s!, t$ t"ia (o'"t #o"wa"!! t$"(o"!s o# t$ (ass to t$is Co'"t in /iw o# t$ pnat. o# i# i)p"ison)nt )t! inC"i)& Cas No& 14Bs p"*nan(. at t$at ti), $"$'s-an! C$a"i Co)ia, aso an a*nt o# Last"a, a((o)pani! Anni an! t$ ot$"appi(ants !'"in* t$i" )!i(a ($(+


27/51

A#t" 'n!"*oin* t$ "@'i"! )!i(a 0a)ination in Mania, appi(ants Ri(+. 7a!oan! (o)pan. pai! t$ #oowin* a)o'nts #o" t$i" "sp(ti/ p"o(ssin* #s, w$i($w" !'. "(ipt! -. appant Ai!a Co)ia in t$" spa"at !o(')nts, t$'s:

J8s *"o'p p"o(!! to appant Ai!a Co)ia>s"si!n( at )& 4, La T"ini!a!, %n*'t to !)an! t$ "t'"n o# t$i" )on. ;p& ,tsn, i-i!&=& Appant Ai!a Co)ia, $ow/", to! t$) to wait as In!i"a Last"a wi soon- o't o# ai an! wi p"sona. p"o(ss t$i" pap"s at t$ Itaian E)-ass. ;i-i!&=&Ma"i.n an! t$ ot$" appi(ants #oow!


28/51


29/51

Appants n0t -wai t$ a*! tota !is"*a"! -. t$ two (o'"ts -ow t$i" !#nso# !nia w$i($, $a! it -n !'. (onsi!"! an! app"(iat!, (o'! $a/ )"it! t$i"a(@'itta&

T$ Co'"t !isa*"s& T$ two (o'"ts -ow !i! (onsi!" t$i" !#ns o# !nia&ow/", *i/n t$ positi/ an! (at*o"i(a tsti)onis o# t$ (o)painants w$o w"on in pointin* to appants, in (a$oots wit$ t$i" (o !#nso# !nia )'st in/ita-. (oaps& IA(ET

A to!, w "' an! so $o! t$at t$ two (o'"ts -ow (o))itt! no ""o" in a!'!*in*-ot$ appants *'it. -.on! "asona- !o'-t o# t$ ("i)s o# i*a "("'it)nt(o))itt! -. a s.n!i(at in a"* s(a an! o# sta#a in s/n ;= (o'nts& 7 aso "'t$at t$ pnatis i)pos! -. t$ (o'"t o# o"i*in, as a##i")! -. t$ CA, a((o"! wit$ awan! '"isp"'!n(&

IN VIE7 7EREOF, t$ instant appa is ISMISSE an! t$ appa! !(ision o#t$ CA, a##i")ato". o# t$at t$ t"ia (o'"t, is AFFIRME in toto&

PEO V AMILOSAT$is is an appa #"o) t$ (ision 1 o# t$ R*iona T"ia Co'"t ;RTC= o# 'on Cit.in C"i)ina Cas No& (o(+ in t$ a#t"noon, s$ an! %a)-a )t t$ appant at t$ SM Fast


30/51

La*)an to! t$ appant t$at s$ $a! no wo"+in* 0p"in( in an. $ospita -'t t$appant ass'"! $" t$at it is not n(ssa". to $a/ on& T$ appant as+! #o"USK322&22 as pa.)nt to s('" an A)"i(an /isa an! an a!!itiona a)o'nt o# T$"T$o'san! Fo'" 'n!"! Psos ;P3,B22&22= as p"o(ssin* # #o" ot$" !o(')nts&

On an'a". B, 1994, s$ an! t$ appant )t a*ain at SM No"t$ ESA, 'onCit. w$"in s$ $an!! to t$ att" $" passpo"t an! t"ans("ipt o# "(o"!s& T$appant p"o)is! to #i t$ sai! !o(')nts wit$ t$ US )-ass.& A#t" on ;1= w+,t$. )t a*ain at t$ sa) pa( an! t$ appant s$ow! to $" a p$oto(op. o# $"

US /isa& T$is p"o)pt! $" to *i/ t$ a)o'nt o# USK322&22 an! two ;= -otts o#%a(+ La- to t$ appant& S$ *a/ t$ sai! )on. an! i@'o" to t$ appantwit$o't an. "(ipt o't o# t"'st an! a#t" t$ appant p"o)is! $" t$at $ wo'! iss't$ n(ssa". "(ipt at"& T$ appant /n wnt to $" $o's, )t $" )ot$" an!'n( an! s$ow! to t$) a (o)p't" p"into't #"o) No"t$wst Ai"ins s$owin* t$ats$ was -oo+! to a/ #o" Los An*s, Cai#o"nia, USA on F-"'a". 5, 1994&(TaE

Fo'" !a.s a#t" t$i" ast )tin*, E0t(o), a tp$on (o)pan., (a! $" -(a's$" n')-" was appa"in* in t$ appant>s (p$on !o(')nts& T$ (a" as+! i#s$ +nw $i) -(a's t$. w" t".in* to o(at $i), as $ was a swin!" w$o #ai!to pa. $is tp$on -is in t$ a)o'nt o# P122,222&22& S$ -(a) s'spi(io's an!to! %a)-a a-o't t$ )att"& On ;1= w+ -#o" $" s($!'! #i*$t on F-"'a". 5,1994, t$. (a! 'p t$ appant -'t $ sai! $ (o'! not )t t$) -(a's $is

)ot$" pass! awa.& T$ appant n/" s$ow! 'p, p"o)ptin* $" to #i a (o)paintwit$ t$ N%I #o" i*a "("'it)nt&

Last., witnss A)a Sin*$ w$o is aso a "*ist"! n'"s, !(a"! t$at s$ #i"st )tt$ appant on F-"'a". 13, 1994 at SM No"t$ ESA, 'on Cit. w$n I)!a%a)-a int"o!'(! t$ att" to $"& T$ appant to! $" t$at $ is an 'n!"(o/"a*nt o# t$ F%I an! $ (o'! #i0 $" US /isa as $ $as a (onta(t in t$ US )-ass.&T$ appant to! $" t$at $ (o'! $p $" an! $" (o)panions ai! Ra'o,G"a!in La*)an an! I)!a %a)-a #in! o-s in t$ US as sta## n'"ss in $o) (a"(nt"s&

On F-"'a". 1B, 1994 at a-o't 4:32 in t$ /nin*, t$ appant *ot $" passpo"t an!pi(t'"& T$ #oowin* !a. o" on F-"'a". 15, 1994, s$ *a/ t$ appant t$ a)o'nto# USK322&22 an! a -ott o# (o*na( as J*"as )on.J to #a(iitat t$ p"o(ssin* o#$" /isa& 7$n s$ as+! #o" a "(ipt, t$ appant ass'"! $" t$at t$" is no n!#o" on -(a's s$ was -in* !i"(t. $i"! as a n'"s in t$ Unit! Stats&

S$ a*ain )t t$ appant on F-"'a". 19, 1994 at t$ Fa")"s Paa an! t$is ti),t$ appant "@'i"! $" to s'-)it p$oto(opis o# $" (o* !ipo)a, n'"sin* -oa"!("ti#i(at an! PRC i(ns& To s$ow $is sin("it., t$ appant insist! on )tin* $"#at$"& T$. t$n p"o(!! to t$ o##i( o# $" #at$" in %a""io U*on*, Pasi* Cit. an!s$ int"o!'(! t$ appant& T$"a#t", t$ appant as+! p")ission #"o) $"#at$" to aow $" to *o wit$ $i) to t$ No"t$wst Ai"ins o##i( in E")ita, Mania to"s"/ ai"in ti(+ts& T$ appant was a- to *t a ti(+t (on#i")ation an! to! $"

t$at t$. wi )t a*ain t$ #oowin* !a. #o" $" to *i/ P12,222&22 (o/"in* t$ $a#p"i( o# $" pan ti(+t& Sin*$ !i! not )t t$ appant as a*"! 'pon& Insta!, s$wnt to %a)-a to in@'i" i# t$ att" *a/ t$ appant t$ sa) a)o'nt an! #o'n!o't t$at %a)-a $as not .t *i/n t$ sai! a)o'nt& T$. t$n pa*! t$ appantt$"o'*$ $is -p" an! to! $i) t$at t$. want! to s $i)& ow/", t$ appanta/oi!! t$) an! "ason! o't t$at $ (o'! not )t t$) as $ $a! )an. t$in*s to!o& 7$n t$ appant !i! not s$ow 'p, t$. !(i!! to #i a (o)paint #o" i*a"("'it)nt wit$ t$ N%I&

T$ p"os('tion i+wis p"snt! t$ #oowin* !o(')nta". /i!n(:

E0$& JAJ H C"ti#i(ation !at! F-"'a". 3, 1998 iss'! -. ")o*ns C& Mato,i"(to" II, Li(nsin* %"an($, POEA&

E0$& J%J H A##i!a/it o# A)a E& Sin*$ !at! F-"'a". 3, 1994& 3

On t$ ot$" $an!, t$ (as #o" t$ appant, as ('! #"o) $is %"i#, is as #oows:

A(('s! OSEP AMILOSA tsti#i! on !i"(t 0a)ination t$at $ *ot a(@'aint!wit$ I)!a %a)-a insi! an ai"(on -'s -o'n! #o" Caoo(an Cit. w$n t$ att"-o""ow! $is ('a" p$on to (a $" o##i( at S$o Ma"t ;SM=, No"t$ E!sa, 'onCit.& n/" to! %a)-a t$at $ (o'! *t $" a o- in Los An*s, Cai#o"nia, USA,t$ t"'t$ -in* t$at s$ want! to a/ SM as (o)pan. n'"s -(a's s$ was

$a/in* a p"o-) t$"at& %a)-a (a! $i) 'p s/"a ti)s, s+in* a!/i( #"o) $i)i# Los An*s, Cai#o"nia is a *oo! pa( to wo"+ as a n'"s& sta"t! (o'"tin*%a)-a an! t$. wnt o't !atin* 'nti t$ att" -(a) $is *i"#"in!& )t G"a!inLa*)an an! A)a Sin*$ at t$ S$o Ma"t ;SM=, No"t$ E!sa, 'on Cit. t$"' I)!a%a)-a& As (o)painants w" a s+in* a!/i( on $ow t$. (o'! app. #o" o-sa-"oa!, st $ - ($a"*! as a "("'it", $ )a! I)!a %a)-a, G"a!in La*)anan! A)a Sin*$ si*n spa"at ("ti#i(ations on an'a". 1, 1994 ;E0$& JJ=, an'a". ,1994 ;E0$& JBJ=, an! F-"'a". 19, 1994 ;E0$& J3J=, "sp(ti/., a to t$ ##(t t$at $n/" "("'it! t$) an! no )on. was in/o/!& %a)-a #i! an I*a R("'it)nt(as a*ainst $i) -(a's t$. @'a""! an! spa"at!& (a) to +now #o" t$ #i"stti) t$at ($a"*s w" #i! a*ainst $i) in Spt)-" 1994 w$n a p"i)ina".in/sti*ation was (on!'(t! -. Fis(a aosos o# t$ pa"t)nt o# 'sti(& ;TSN,O(to-" 13, 1999, pp& 3


31/51

SO ORERE& 4

In "(tin* t$ !#nss o# t$ appant, t$ t"ia (o'"t !(a"!:

To (o'nt" t$ /"sion o# t$ p"os('tion, a(('s! (ai)s t$at $ !i! not "("'it t$(o)painants #o" wo"+ a-"oa! -'t t$at it was t$. w$o so'*$t $is a!/i( "ati/ to t$i"!si" to app. #o" o-s in Los An*s, Cai#o"nia, USA an! t$in+in* t$at $ )i*$t -($a"*! as a "("'it", $ )a! t$) si*n t$" ("ti#i(ations, E0$& J,J J3J an! JB,J

w$i($ in ssn( stat t$at a(('s! n/" "("'it! t$) an! t$at t$" was no )on.in/o/!&

A(('s!>s (ontntion si)p. !os not $o! wat"& A!)itt!., $ 0('t! an!s'-)itt! a (o'nt" tsti)on. t$at t$. pai! $i) -'t no"(ipts w" iss'! "'ns (o'nt" to t$ p"s')ption 'n!" S(tion 3 ;!=, R' 131 o#t$ R's on E/i!n( t$at p"sons ta+ o"!ina". (a" o# t$i" (on("n& T$ #a(t t$at(o)painants w" not a- to p"snt "(ipts n!s ("!n( to $is a*ation t$at itwas t$. w$o so'*$t a!/i( "*a"!in* t$i" !si" to app. #o" o-s in Los An*s,Cai#o"nia, USA& T$'s, t$in+in* t$at $ )i*$t - ($a"*! as a "("'it", $ )a! t$)si*n t$" ;3= ("ti#i(ations statin* t$at $ n/" "("'it! t$) an! t$" was no)on. in/o/!& On t$ #a(t t$at t$ t"ia (o'"t !is"*a"!! t$ ("ti#i(ations !' to $is#ai'" to )ntion t$) !'"in* t$ p"i)ina". in/sti*ation at t$ pa"t)nt o# 'sti(

;O=, appant point! o't t$at t$" is no p"o/ision in t$ R's o# Co'"t w$i($ -a"st$ p"sntation o# /i!n( !'"in* t$ $a"in* o# t$ (as in (o'"t& aso point!o't t$at t$ (o'nt"


32/51

A"ti( 13 ;-= o# t$ La-o" Co! o# t$ P$iippins !#ins "("'it)nt an! pa()ntas #oows:

;-= JR("'it)nt an! pa()ntJ "#"s to an. a(t o# (an/assin*, nistin*, (ont"a(tin*,t"anspo"tin*, 'tiiin*, $i"in*, o" p"o('"in* wo"+"s, an! in('!s "#""as, (ont"a(ts"/i(s, p"o)isin* o" a!/"tisin* #o" )po.)nt, o(a. o" a-"oa!, w$t$" #o" p"o#ito" not& P"o/i!!, T$at an. p"son o" ntit. w$i($, in an. )ann", o##"s o" p"o)iss #o"a # )po.)nt to two o" )o" p"sons s$a - !)! n*a*! in "("'it)nt an!

pa()nt&

S(tion 4 o# R&A& No& 82B !#in! w$n "("'it)nt is i*a:

SEC& 4& #inition& H Fo" p'"poss o# t$is A(t, i*a "("'it)nt s$a )an an. a(t o#(an/assin*, nistin*, (ont"a(tin*, t"anspo"tin*, 'tiiin*, $i"in*, o" p"o('"in* wo"+"san! in('!s "#""in*, (ont"a(t s"/i(s, p"o)isin* o" a!/"tisin* #o" )po.)nta-"oa!, w$t$" #o" p"o#it o" not, w$n 'n!"ta+n -. a nons "ian( on t$ ("ti#i(ations p'"po"t!. si*n! -. t$ (o)painin*witnsss I)!a %a)-a, A)a Sin*$ an! G"a!in La*)an 2 is )ispa(!& In!!,t$ t"ia (o'"t an! t$ appat (o'"t #o'n! t$ ("ti#i(ations -a""n o# ("!n( an!p"o-ati/ wi*$t& 7 a*" wit$ t$ #oowin* p"ono'n()nt o# t$ appat (o'"t:

Annt t$ (ai) o# t$ appant t$at t$ t"ia (o'"t ""! in not *i/in* wi*$t to t$("ti#i(ations ;E0$s& J,J J3J JBJ= a*!. 0('t! -. t$ (o)painants to t$ ##(tt$at $ !i! not "("'it t$) an! t$at no )on. was in/o/!, t$ sa) !s"/s s(ant(onsi!"ation&

T$ appant tsti#i! t$at $ was in possssion o# t$ sai! ("ti#i(ations at t$ ti)t$ sa) w" 0('t! -. t$ (o)painants an! t$ sa) w" awa.s in $ispossssion $ow/", w$n $ #i! $is (o'nt"


33/51

w" a't$nti(& It is so (ont"a". to $')an nat'" t$at on wo'! s'pp"ss /i!n(w$i($ wo'! -i t$ ($a"* a*ainst $i)&J ;E)p$asis O'"s= 1

At t$ p"i)ina". in/sti*ation, appant was #'"nis$! wit$ (opis o# t$ a##i!a/its o#t$ (o)painin* witnsss an! was "@'i"! to s'-)it $is (o'nt"


34/51

o .o' +now w$n !i! t$ (o)painants #i (ass a*ainst .o'

A I !on>t +now, Si"&

A"i*$t& I wi "a! to .o' t$is Co'nt"


35/51

A Ds, Si"&

7i .o' pas "a! to 's pa"a*"ap$ #o'" ;B=, pa* two ;= o# t$is "so'tion o# StatP"os('to" aosos&

;witnss "a!in* pa"& B o# t$ "so'tion=

A"i*$t& 7$at !i! .o' 'n!"stan! o# t$is pa"a*"ap$ B, M"& 7itnss

A P"o-a-., *'it. to t$ o##ns ($a"*&

It t'"n! o't t$at appant "@'st! t$ (o)painin* witnsss to si*n t$("ti#i(ations )". to p"o/ t$at $ was sttin* t$ (ass:

COURT

T$s (o)painants, w$. !i! .o' )a+ t$) si*n in t$ ("ti#i(ations

A %(a's on o# t$ (o)painants to! ) to si*n an! t$. a" pannin* to s' )&

Do' )an t$. to! .o' t$at t$. a" #iin* ($a"*s a*ainst .o' an! .t .o' )a!t$) si*n ("ti#i(ations in .o'" #a/o", w$at is t$ "ason w$. .o' )a! t$) si*n

A To p"o/ t$at I>) sttin* t$is (as&

spit t$ #a(t t$at t$. a" #iin* (ass a*ainst .o' an! .t .o' w" a- to )a+t$) si*n ("ti#i(ations

A On. on p"son, Do'" ono", w$o to! ) an! $ is not a"o'n!&

%'t t$. a si*n! t$s t$" ;3= ("ti#i(ations an! .t t$. #i! ($a"*s a*ainst.o' an! .t .o' )a! t$) si*n ("ti#i(ations in .o'" #a/o", so w$at is t$ "ason w$..o' )a! t$) si*n

;witnss (an not answ"= 3

T$ Co'"t nots t$at t$ t"ia (o'"t o"!"! appant to "#'n! USK322&22 to a($ o#t$ (o)painin* witnsss& T$ "'in* o# t$ appat (o'"t )'st - )o!i#i!&

Appant )'st pa. on. t$ pso @'i/ant o# USK322&22 to a($ o# t$ (o)painin*witnsss&

IN LIGT OF ALL TE FOREGOING, t$ appa is ISMISSE& T$ (ision o# t$Co'"t o# Appas a##i")in* t$ (on/i(tion o# osp$ a)iosa #o" a"* s(a i*a"("'it)nt 'n!" S(tions 4 an! o# Rp'-i( A(t No& 82B is AFFIRME 7IT

MOIFICATION& T$ appant is $"-. o"!"! to "#'n! to a($ o# t$ (o)painin*witnsss t$ pso @'i/ant o# USK322&22& Costs a*ainst appant&

SANTOSA ATUMAN%#o" 's is a ptition #o" "/iw on ("tio"a"i 'n!" R' B5 o# t$ 199 R's o# Ci/iP"o(!'", as a)n!!, assaiin* t$ Co'"t o# Appas ;CA= (ision 1 !at! A'*'st, 22, in CAs (ontin'! #ai'" an! "#'sato pa. $" saa". !spit !)an!& In Ma. 1993, s$ was a- to #ina. "t'"n to t$P$iippins t$"o'*$ t$ $p o# t$ %a$"ain Passpo"t an! I))i*"ation pa"t)nt& 5

In Ma. 1995, ptition" #i! a (o)paint -#o" t$ POEA A!'!i(ation O##i( a*ainst"spon!nt #o" 'n!"pa.)nt an! nonpa.)nt o# saa"., /a(ation a/ pa. an! "#'n!o# $" pan #a", !o(+t! as Cas No& POEA A& ;L= 95


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7$n t$ pa"tis #ai! to a""i/ at an a)i(a- stt)nt -#o" t$ La-o" A"-it",t$. w" "@'i"! to #i t$i" "sp(ti/ position pap"s, s'-s@'nt pa!in*s an!!o(')nta". 0$i-its&

In its Position Pap", "spon!nt (o'nt"! t$at ptition" a(t'a. a*"! to wo"+ in%a$"ain as a $o's)ai! #o" on ;1= .a" -(a's it was t$ on. position a/aia-t$n& ow/", sin( s'($ position was not .t aow! -. t$ POEA at t$at ti), t$.)'t'a. a*"! to s'-)it t$ (ont"a(t to t$ POEA in!i(atin* ptition">s position assasa!.& Rspon!nt a!!! t$at it was a(t'a. ptition" $"s# w$o /ioat! t$

t")s o# t$i" (ont"a(t w$n s$ a*!. t"ans#""! to anot$" )po." wit$o't"spon!nt>s +now!* an! app"o/a& Last., "spon!nt "ais! t$ !#ns o#p"s("iption o# (a's o# a(tion sin( t$ (ai) was #i! -.on! t$ t$" ;3=s ia-iit. #o" (o)painant>s

)on. (ai)s& A t$ )o", t$ "(o"! is -"#t o# an. /i!n( to s$ow t$at(o)painant at')an is it$" not ntit! to $" wa* !i##"ntias o" $a/ a"a!."(i/! t$ sa) #"o) "spon!nt& As s'($, w a" p"#o"( (onst"ain! to *"ant(o)painant>s p"a." #o" pa.)nt o# saa". !i##"ntias (o)p't! as #oows:

an'a". 199 Ap"i 1993 ;15 )ont$s=USK32&22 a*"! saa".USK122&22 a(t'a pai! saa".USK2&22 -aan(USK2&22 0 15 )ont$s USKB252&22

7 a" aso in(in! to *"ant (o)painant>s ntit)nt to a "#'n! o# $" pan ti(+t int$ a)o'nt o# %182 %a$"ain ina" o" t$ @'i/ant in P$iippin C'""n(. at t$ "ato# 0($an* p"/aiin* at t$ ti) o# pa.)nt& SCaA

Annt (o)painant>s (ai) #o" /a(ation a/ pa. an! o/"ti) pa., w (annot,$ow/", *"ant t$ sa) #o" #ai'" on t$ pa"t o# (o)painant to p"o/ wit$ pa"ti('a"it.t$ )ont$s t$at s$ was not *"ant! /a(ation a/ an! t$ !a. w$"in s$ !i!"n!" o/"ti) wo"+&

Aso, w (o'! not *"ant (o)painant>s p"a." #o" awa"! o# !a)a*s an! atto"n.>s#s #o" a(+ o# #a(t'a an! *a -asis&


37/51

7EREFORE, p")iss (onsi!"!, '!*)nt is $"-. "n!"!, #in!in* "spon!ntA*n(. ia- #o" /ioatin* t$ t") o# E)po.)nt Cont"a(t an! "spon!nt Fi"stCos)opoitan Manpow" an! P"o)otions is $"-. o"!"!:

To pa. (o)painant t$ a)o'nt o# USK FOUR TOUSAN AN FIFTD ;USKB,252&22=,o" its @'i/ant "at p"/aiin* at t$ ti) o# pa.)nt, "p"sntin* $" saa".!i##"ntias #o" #i#tn ;15= )ont$s

To pa. (o)painant t$ a)o'nt o# %182&22 o" its @'i/ant "at p"/aiin* at t$ ti)

o# pa.)nt, "p"sntin* t$ "#'n! o# pan ti(+t

A ot$" (ai)s a" $"-. !is)iss! #o" a(+ o# )"it&

SO ORERE& 9 ;)p$asis s'ppi!=

On appa, t$ NLRC, S(on! i/ision, iss'! a (ision 12 a##i")in* wit$)o!i#i(ation t$ (ision o# La-o" A"-it" Ma.o", "&, -. "!'(in* t$ awa"! o# saa".!i##"ntias #"o) USKB,252&22 to USK,92&22 "atio(inatin* as #oows:

A((o"!in*., w #in! t$at t$ (ai)s #o" saa". !i##"ntias a(("'in* a"i" t$an Ap"i o#1993 $a! in!! p"s("i-!& T$is is so as (o)painant $a! #i! $" (o)paint on Ma.31, 1995 w$n s$ a""i/! #"o) t$ o-sit in Ap"i 1993& Sin( t$ (a's o# a(tion #o"saa". !i##"ntia a(("'s at t$ ti) w$n it #as !', it is (a" t$at on. t$ (ai)s #o"

t$ )ont$s o# Ma. 1993 to Ap"i 199B $a/ not .t p"s("i-!& 7it$ an app"o/! saa"."at o# USK32&22 /iss)otion #o" "(onsi!"ation& 1B

On A'*'st , 22, t$ CA iss'! t$ assai! (ision 15 *"antin* t$ ptition an!"/"sin* t$ NLRC an! t$ La-o" A"-it", t$'s:

Un!" S(tion 1 ;#=, R' II, %oo+ II o# t$ 1991 POEA R's an! R*'ations, t$ o(aa*n(. s$a ass') oint an! soi!a". ia-iit. wit$ t$ )po." #o" a (ai)s an!ia-iitis w$i($ )a. a"is in (onn(tion wit$ t$ i)p)ntation o# t$ (ont"a(t,in('!in* -'t not i)it! to pa.)nt o# wa*s, $at$ an! !isa-iit. (o)pnsation an!"pat"iation&

Rspon!nt Co))ission was (o""(t in !(a"in* t$at (ai)s o# p"i/at "spon!nt J#o"saa". !i##"ntias a(("'in* a"i" t$an Ap"i o# 1993 $a! in!! p"s("i-!&J It )'st -not! t$at ptition" (o)pan. is p"i/. on. to t$ #i"st (ont"a(t& G"antin* a"*'n!o t$atits ia-iit. 0tn!s to t$ a(ts o# its #o"i*n p"in(ipa, t$ Tow"in* R("'itin* S"/i(s,w$i($ appa"s to $a/ a $an! in t$ 0('tion o# t$ s(on! (ont"a(t, it is O'"(onsi!"! opinion t$at t$ sa) wo'!, at t$ )ost, 0tn! on. 'p to t$ 0pi"ation o#t$ s(on! (ont"a(t o" 'nti 21 Spt)-" 1991& Ca"., t$ )on. (ai)s s'-(t o#t$ (o)paint #i! in 1995 $a! p"s("i-!& STI(EA

ow/", t$is Co'"t !(a"s "spon!nt Co))ission as not on. $a/in* a-'s! its!is("tion, -'t as -in* wit$o't '"is!i(tion at a, in !(a"in* p"i/at "spon!ntntit! to saa". !i##"ntias& A#t" !("in* t$ )on. (ai)s a(("'in* -#o" Ap"i1993 as $a/in* p"s("i-!, it $as no )o" '"is!i(tion to $o! ptition" (o)pan. #o"

saa". !i##"ntias a#t" t$at p"io!& To "it"at, t$ o(a a*n(. s$a ass') ointan! soi!a". ia-iit. wit$ t$ )po." #o" a (ai)s an! ia-iitis w$i($ )a. a"is in(onn(tion wit$ t$ i)p)ntation o# t$ (ont"a(t& 7$i($ (ont"a(t Upon a '!i(io's(onsi!"ation, w so $o! t$at it is on. in (onn(tion wit$ t$ #i"st (ont"a(t& T$p"o/isions in n')-" , S(tion 12 ;a=, R' V, %oo+ I o# t$ O)ni-'s R'sI)p)ntin* t$ La-o" Co! S(tion 1 ;#=, R' II, %oo+ II o# t$ 1991 POEA R'san! R*'ations w" not )a! to )a+ t$ o(a a*n(. a p"pt'a ins'"" a*ainsta 'ntowa"! a(ts t$at )a. - !on -. t$ #o"i*n p"in(ipa o" t$ !i"(t )po."a-"oa!& It is on. as "*a"!s t$ p"in(ipa (ont"a(t to w$i($ it is p"i/. s$a its ia-iit.0tn!& In Catan /& Nationa La-o" Rations Co))ission, 142 SCRA 491 ;1988=, it was$! t$at t$ "sponsi-iitis o# t$ o(a a*nt an! t$ #o"i*n p"in(ipa towa"!s t$(ont"a(t! )po.s 'n!" t$ "("'it)nt a*")nt 0tn!s 'p to an! 'nti t$0pi"ation o# t$ )po.)nt (ont"a(ts o# t$ )po.s "("'it! an! )po.!p'"s'ant to t$ sai! "("'it)nt a*")nt&

000 000 000

Fo"*oin* (onsi!"!, t$ assai! (ision !at! B F-"'a". 222 an! t$Rso'tion !at! 3 'n 222 o# "spon!nt Co))ission in NLRC NCR CA 21435Bs= )on. (ai)s& Rspon!nt(annot, t$"#o", 0)pt its# #"o) a t$ (ai)s an! ia-iitis a"isin* #"o) t$i)p)ntation o# t$i" POEA


39/51

n(, in t$ p"snt (as, t$ !i)in'tion in t$ saa". o# ptition" #"o) USK32&22 toUSK122 ;%B2&22= p" )ont$ is /oi! #o" /ioatin* t$ POEAs *a. )an!at! oint an! s/"a ia-iit. wit$ t$ #o"i*n)po." #o" a (ai)s in (onn(tion wit$ t$ i)p)ntation o# t$ (ont"a(t, it is t$"("'it)nt a*n(.>s "sponsi-iit. to ns'" t$at t$ t")s an! (on!itions o# t$)po.)nt (ont"a(t, as app"o/! -. t$ POEA, a" #ait$#'. (o)pi! wit$ an!i)p)nt! p"op". -. its #o"i*n (int6p"in(ipa& In!!, it is in its -st int"st to !oso to a/oi! -in* $a! to t$ (o'"ts o" a-o" t"i-'nas an! !#n! its# #"o) s'its #o"a(ts o# its #o"i*n p"in(ipa& IaEACT

On w$t$" ptition">s (ai)s #o"'n!"pai! saa"is $a/ p"s("i-!

It s$o'! - "(a! t$at t$ La-o" A"-it" an! t$ NLRC si)ia". #o'n! t$at ptition"is ntit! to 'n!"pai! saa"is, a-it t$. !i##"! in t$ n')-" o# )ont$s #o" w$i($saa". !i##"ntias s$o'! - pai!& T$ CA, on t$ ot$" $an!, $! t$at a o#ptition">s )onta". (ai)s $a/ p"s("i-! p'"s'ant to A"ti( 91 o# t$ La-o" Co!w$i($ p"o/i!s t$at:

A"t& 91& Mon. Cai)s& H A )on. (ai)s a"isin* #"o) )po."st$o". o# i)it! ia-iit. on t$ pa"t o# "spon!nt is 'ntna- an! ;-= t$ ptition"$as a "i*$t to - (o)pnsat! #o" a )ont$s s$, in #a(t, was #o"(! to wo"+& To!t")in #o" w$i($ )ont$s ptition">s "i*$t to (ai) saa". !i##"ntias $as notp"s("i-!, w )'st (o'nt t$" .a"s p"io" to t$ #iin* o# t$ (o)paint on Ma. 31,1995& T$'s, on. (ai)s a(("'in* p"io" to Ma. 31, 199 $a/ p"s("i-! w$n t$(o)paint was #i! on Ma. 31, 1995& Ptition" is ntit! to $" (ai)s #o" saa".!i##"ntias #o" t$ p"io! Ma. 31, 199 to Ap"i 1993, o" app"o0i)at. /n ;11=)ont$s& 5

7 #in! t$at t$ NLRC (o""(t. (o)p't! t$ saa". !i##"ntia !' to ptition" atUSK,92&22 ;USK32&22 as app"o/! saa". "at < USK122&22 as saa". "(i/! USK92 as 'n!"pai! saa". p" )ont$ 0 11 )ont$s=& ow/", it s$o'! - #o" t$p"io! Ma. 31, 199 to Ap"i 1993 an! not Ma. 1993 to Ap"i 199B as ""ono's.stat! in t$ NLRC>s (ision&

A #ina not

T$is Co'"t ")in!s o(a "("'it)nt a*n(is t$at it is t$i" -o'n!n !'t. to *'a"anto'" o/"sas wo"+"s t$at t$. a" -in* "("'it! #o" -ona #i! o-s wit$ -ona #i!)po."s& Lo(a a*n(is s$o'! n/" aow t$)s/s to - inst"')nts o#0poitation o" opp"ssion o# t$i" (o)pat"iots at t$ $an!s o# #o"i*n )po."s&In!!, -in* t$ ons w$o p"o#it )ost #"o) t$ 0o!'s o# Fiipino wo"+"s to #in!*"n" past'"s a-"oa!, "("'it"s s$o'! - #i"st to ns'" t$ w#a" o# t$ /".pop t$at +p t$i" in!'st". ai/& CAaSI


40/51

7EREFORE, t$ ptition is GRANTE& T$ assai! (ision o# t$ Co'"t o#Appas !at! A'*'st , 22 an! Rso'tion !at! No/)-" 1B, 22 in CAs inst"'(tion, Pan*'o pai! in #'t$ pa()nt # in t$ a)o'nt o# P52,222&22 to Gno/s& T$ pa.)nt was/i!n(! -. an O##i(ia R(ipt !at! 14 O(to-" 221 -a"in* Gno/s> si*nat'"&Pan*'o wait! #o" t$" .a"s to - !po.! to Taiwan& is waitin* was a #o"na'*$t& T$'s, Pan*'o !(i!! to a-o"t $is appi(ation an! !)an!! #"o) ' t$"t'"n o# t$ a)o'nt $ pai! #o" t$ pa()nt #, -'t ' (o'! no on*" "t'"n t$)on.& 12

Aso so)ti) in Spt)-" 221, A-"i wnt to %"i*$t'"n to app. as a #a(to". wo"+"in Taiwan& At %"i*$t'"n, A-"i was nt"tain! -. ' w$o o"int! $i) on t$ n(ssa"."@'i")nts #o" appi(ation w$i($ in('!! a /ai! passpo"t, Nationa %'"a' o#In/sti*ation ;N%I= Ca"an( an! I pi(t'"s& A#t" (o)p.in* wit$ t$ !o(')nta"."@'i")nts, A-"i was "@'i"! -. ' to pa. t$ pa()nt # to Gno/s in t$a)o'nt o# PBB,222&22& As s$own in O##i(ia R(ipts !at! 9 O(to-" 221 an! 4O(to-" 222, w$i($ w" si*n! -. Gno/s, A-"i pai! t$ w$o a)o'nt o#PBB,222&22 as pa()nt #& A-"i was ass'"! -. ' t$at $ wo'! - !po.! to


41/51

Taiwan -. ()-" 221 w$i($ was s'-s@'nt. "st to Ap"i 22& spit s/"apostpon)nts, A-"i was not a- to a/ t$ (o'nt".& 11 (TSA

Fo" $is pa"t, O"iano (a) to +now o# %"i*$t'"n t$"' Gno/s& O"iano was int"/iw!at %"i*$t'"n -. a Taiwans p"in(ipa in O(to-" 221& A#t" t$ int"/iw, ' in#o")!O"iano to s'-)it a )!i(a ("ti#i(at, N%I (a"an( an! passpo"t an! to pa. t$"@'isit pa()nt # in t$ a)o'nt o# P52,222&22& %i/in* t$at ' (o'! sn! $i)a-"oa!, O"iano #ait$#'. (o)pi! wit$ t$s "@'i")nts in('!in* t$ pa()nt#, t$ pa.)nt o# w$i($ was )a! to Gno/s at %"i*$t'"n>s o##i(& spit s'($

pa.)nt, $ow/", O"iano was not a- to a/ t$ (o'nt".& 1

Ga"(ia s'##"! t$ sa) #at as $" (os i(ns was s'spn!!& Ga"(ia was t$n "#""! -. ' to %st OnInt"nationa ;%st On=, anot$" "("'it)nt a*n(. i+wis o(at! in Maat, Mania&7$i Ga"(ia was to! -. ' t$at t$ p"o(ssin* o# $" !o(')nts wo'! - !on at%st On, t$ pa()nt #, $ow/", s$o'! - pai! at %"i*$t'"n& A((o"!in*., t$a)o'nt o# P42,222&22 was pai! -. Ga"(ia to ' an! Gno/s as pa()nt # 'pon'>s inst"'(tion& A)ost p"!i(ta-., t$ p"o)is o# an )po.)nt a-"oa! n/" (a)to pass& 13

7$n ' was not a- to "#'n! t$ a)o'nts pai! as pa()nt #s 'pon !)an!,p"i/at (o)painants wnt to N%I to #i a (o)paint #o" i*a "("'it)nt a*ainst 'an! Gno/s&

Fo" $" !#ns, ' (ai)! t$at s$ was t$ P"si!nt o# %"i*$t'"n, a !'. a't$o"i!an!


42/51

it is t"' t$at t$ aw !os not "@'i" t$at at ast t$" /i(ti)s tsti#. at t$ t"ia,n/"t$ss, it is n(ssa". t$at t$" is s'##i(int /i!n( p"o/in* t$at t$ o##nswas (o))itt! a*ainst t$" o" )o" p"sons&

In t$ app"(iation o# /i!n( in ("i)ina (ass, it is a -asi( tnt t$at t$ p"os('tion$as t$ -'"!n o# p"oo# in sta-is$in* t$ *'it o# t$ a(('s! #o" t$ o##ns wit$w$i($ $ is ($a"*!& Ei in(')-it p"o-ation @'i !i(it non @'i n*at i&&, J$ w$o ass"ts,not $ w$o !nis, )'st p"o/J& T$ (on/i(tion o# appant )'st "st not on t$wa+nss o# $is !#ns, -'t on t$ st"n*t$ o# t$ p"os('tion>s /i!n(& 3 SIAC(

In t$ (as at -a", t$ p"os('tion #ai! to a!!'( s'##i(int /i!n( to p"o/ t$ati*a "("'it)nt was (o))itt! a*ainst t$" o" )o" p"sons& 7$at w $a/'n(o/"! 'pon (a"#' s("'tin. o# t$ "(o"!s was t$ #a(t t$at i*a "("'it)nt was(o))itt! a*ainst on. on p"son t$at is, a*ainst Ga"(ia aon& I*a "("'it)nt(annot s'((ss#'. atta($ to t$ a*ations o# Pan*'o, A-"i an! O"iano, sin( t$.tsti#i! t$at t$. a((o)pis$! t$i" p"s (as& As on* as t$ p"os('tion is a- to sta-is$ t$"o'*$("!i- an! tsti)onia /i!n(, as in t$ (as at -a", t$at t$ appant $a! n*a*!in i*a "("'it)nt, a (on/i(tion #o" t$ o##ns (an - /". w 'sti#i!& 3B

I""#"a*a-., t$ p"os('tion $as p"o/n -.on! "asona- !o'-t t$ *'it o# ' o# t$($a"* o# i*a "("'it)nt a*ainst Ga"(ia w$n t$ #o")" "#""! t$ att" toanot$" a*n(. wit$o't t$ i(ns o" a't$o"it. to !o so& T$ t"ia (o'"t *a/ #'


43/51

("!n( to t$ tsti)on. o# Ga"(ia, w$i($ 'n)ista+a-. !)onst"at! $ow 's'((ss#'. nti(! $" to pa"t wit$ a (onsi!"a- a)o'nt o# )on. in 0($an* #o"an )po.)nt a-"oa! w$i($ was n/" "ai!& T$is #in!in* was a!opt! -. t$appat (o'"t, (onsi!"in* t$at t$at t$ t"ia (o'"t was in t$ -st position to as("tain("!i-iit. iss's, $a/in* $a"! t$ witnsss t$)s/s an! o-s"/! t$i"!po"t)nt an! )ann" o# tsti#.in* !'"in* t"ia&

Apt., t$ -a" !nias o# ' $a/ no p"o-ati/ /a' w$n "an*! a*ainst t$a##i")ati/ !(a"ations o# Ga"(ia, /n i# t$ att" #ai! to p"snt "(ipts #o" t$

pa.)nts s$ $a! )a!& In Pop /& Vias, 35 t$is Co'"t a##i")! t$ (on/i(tion o# t$appant #o" i*a "("'it)nt /n i# p"i/at (o)paints w" not a- to p"snt an."(ipt t$at t$. pai! appant an.t$in*, t$'s: ETIa

Nit$" is t$" )"it in t$ (ontntion o# t$ !#ns t$at appant s$o'! -0on"at! #o" #ai'" o# t$ p"os('tion to p"snt an. "(ipt p"o/in* t$at p"i/at(o)painants pai! $" an.t$in*& T$ !#ns a"*'s t$at a "(ipt is t$ -st /i!n(to p"o/ !i/". o# )on. an! t$ a-sn( t$"o# s$ows t$at no pa.)nt was )a!&

T$is a"*')nt is not no/& T$ Co'"t $as p"/io's. "'! t$at t$ a-sn( o# "(ipts/i!n(in* pa.)nt !os not !#at a ("i)ina p"os('tion #o" i*a "("'it)nt& InPop /s& Pa-aan 4 SCRA 5B, 32 Spt)-" 1994, t$is Co'"t "'!:

J& & & t$ a-sn( o# "(ipts in a ("i)ina (as #o" i*a "("'it)nt !os not wa""antt$ a(@'itta o# t$ a(('s! an! is not #ata to t$ (as o# t$ p"os('tion& As on* ast$ witnsss $a! positi/. s$own t$"o'*$ t$i" "sp(ti/ tsti)onis t$at t$a(('s! is t$ on in/o/! in t$ p"o$i-it! "("'it)nt, $ )a. - (on/i(t! o# t$o##ns !spit t$ want o# "(ipts&

JT$ Stat't o# F"a'!s an! t$ "'s o# /i!n( !o not "@'i" t$ p"sntation o#"(ipts in o"!" to p"o/ t$ 0istn( o# "("'it)nt a*")nt an! t$ p"o('")nto# #s in i*a "("'it)nt (ass& T$ a)o'nts )a. (ons@'nt. - p"o/! -. t$tsti)on. o# witnsss&J

T$ p"i/at (o)painants $a/ (on/in(in*. tsti#i! t$at t$ a(('s! nti(! t$) toapp. an!, in a(t'a #a(t, "(i/! pa.)nts #"o) t$)& An! to t$s tsti)onis, t$t"ia (o'"t a((o"!! ("!n(& On t$ ot$" $an!, appant $as not s$own an. "asonto 'sti#. a )o!i#i(ation o" "/"sa o# t$ t"ia (o'"t>s #in!in*&

O'" "'in* in Pop /& Vias 34 t$at t$ a-sn( o# "(ipts in i*a "("'it)nt (as!os not wa""ant t$ a(@'itta o# t$ a(('s! $as -n "it"at! in s/"a (ass& 37 a" not 'nawa" o# t$ p"oi#"ation o# t$s s($)in* i*a "("'it"s w$o('nnin*. "o- Fiipino wo"+"s, !sp"at to wo"+ a-"oa!, o# t$i" )on. in 0($an* o#)pt. p"o)iss& T$is Co'"t (annot - !"awn to t$ in*nio's po. o# t$s i*a"("'it"s in wit$$o!in* "(ipts #"o) t$i" /i(ti)s in t$i" /ain att)pt to /a! ia-iit.&

In #in, t$ Co'"t wi $a/ to !is(a"! t$ (on/i(tion #o" i*a "("'it)nt in a"* s(a)t! o't -. t$ RTC, sin( on. on appi(ant a-"oa! was "("'it! -. ' wit$o't

i(ns an! a't$o"it. #"o) t$ POEA& A((o"!in*., ' s$o'! - $! "sponsi- #o"si)p i*a "("'it)nt on.& '>s 'ns'((ss#' in!i(t)nt #o" i*a "("'it)nt ina"* s(a, $ow/", !os not !is($a"* $" #"o) $" (i/i o-i*ation to "t'"n t$pa()nt #s pai! -. p"i/at (o)painants& (EAa

Un!" S(tion ;a= o# Rp'-i( A(t No& 82B, 38 si)p i*a "("'it)nt isp'nis$a- -. i)p"ison)nt o# not ss t$an si0 ;4= .a"s an! on ;1= !a. -'t not )o"t$an tw/ .a"s an! a #in o# not ss t$an two $'n!"! t$o'san! psos;P22,222&22= no" )o" t$an #i/ $'n!"! t$o'san! psos ;P522,222&22=&

S(tion 1 o# t$ In!t")inat Sntn( Law p"o/i!s t$at i# t$ o##ns is p'nis$a--. a sp(ia aw, as in t$is (as, t$ (o'"t s$a i)pos on t$ a(('s! anin!t")inat sntn(, t$ )a0i)') t") o# w$i($ s$a not 0(! t$ )a0i)')#i0! -. t$ sai! aw an! t$ )ini)') o# w$i($ s$a not - ss t$an t$ )ini)')t") p"s("i-! -. t$ sa)& A((o"!in*., a pnat. o# i*$t ;8= to tw/ ;1= .a"s o#i)p"ison)nt s$o'! - )t! o't to '& In a!!ition, a #in in t$ a)o'nt o#P522,222&22 an! in!)nit. to p"i/at (o)painants H A-"i in t$ a)o'nt o#PBB,222&22, Pan*'o in t$ a)o'nt o# P52,222&22, Ga"(ia in t$ a)o'nt o#P42,222&22 an! O"iano in t$ a)o'nt o# P52,222&22, wit$ 1 *a int"st p"ann'), "(+on! #"o) t$ #iin* o# t$ in#o")ation 'nti t$ #inait. o# t$ '!*)nt H isi)pos!&

7EREFORE, IN VIE7 OF TE FOREGOING, t$ instant ptition is PARTIALLDGRANTE& T$ (ision !at! 9 O(to-" 22 o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas in CA


44/51


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T$ ptition is !ni!& 7 #in! no "/"si- ""o" in t$ !(ision a""i/! at -. t$ Co'"to# Appas&

In Ga-"i /& Co'"t o# Appas, 13 w $! t$at t$ "a nat'" o# t$ ("i) ($a"*! is!t")in!, not #"o) t$ (aption o" p"a)- o# t$ in#o")ation no" #"o) t$sp(i#i(ation o# t$ aw a*! to $a/ -n /ioat! H t$s -in* (on('sions o# awH -'t -. t$ a(t'a "(ita o# #a(ts in t$ (o)paint o" in#o")ation& 7$at (ont"os is nott$ !si*nation -'t t$ !s("iption o# t$ o##ns ($a"*!& F"o) a *a point o# /iw,an! in a /". "a sns, it is o# no (on("n to t$ a(('s! w$at t$ t($ni(a na) o#

t$ ("i) o# w$i($ $ stan!s ($a"*! is& I# t$ a(('s! p"#o")! t$ a(ts a*! int$ -o!. o# t$ in#o")ation, in t$ )ann" stat!, t$n $ o'*$t to - p'nis$! an!p'nis$! a!@'at., w$at/" )a. - t$ na) o# t$ ("i) w$i($ t$os a(ts(onstit't& 1B

In t$ (as at -a", t$ p"os('tion sta-is$! -.on! "asona- !o'-t t$at ptition"$a! p"#o")! t$ a(ts (onstit'tin* t$ o##ns !#in! in A"t& 38, in "ation to A"t& 13;-= an! p'nis$! -. A"t& 39 o# t$ La-o" Co!, as a*! in t$ -o!. o# t$In#o")ation& To p"o/ i*a "("'it)nt, two )nts )'st - s$own, na).: ;1= t$p"son ($a"*! wit$ t$ ("i) )'st $a/ 'n!"ta+n "("'it)nt a(ti/itis, o" an. o#t$ a(ti/itis n')"at! in A"ti( 3B o# t$ La-o" Co!, as a)n!! an! ;= sai!p"son !os not $a/ a i(ns o" a't$o"it. to !o so& 15 A"t& 13 ;-= !#ins J"("'it)ntan! pa()ntJ as Jan. a(t o# (an/assin*, nistin*, (ont"a(tin*, t"anspo"tin*, 'tiiin*,$i"in*, o" p"o('"in* wo"+"s, an! in('!s "#""as, (ont"a(t s"/i(s, p"o)isin*, o"a!/"tisin* #o" )po.)nt, o(a. o" a-"oa!, w$t$" #o" p"o#it o" not P"o/i!! t$atan. p"son o" ntit. w$i($, in an. )ann", o##"s o" p"o)iss #o" a # )po.)nt totwo o" )o" p"sons, is (onsi!"! n*a*! in "("'it)nt an! pa()nt&J T$ t"ia(o'"t #o'n! t$s two )nts $a! -n p"o/n in t$ (as at -a"& Ptition" $as noto##"! an. a"*')nt o" p"oo# t$at (o'nt"/ais s'($ #in!in*s& CIT(

T$ -asi( "' is t$at a ("i)ina a(t is p'nis$a- 'n!" t$ aw in #o"( at t$ ti) o# its(o))ission& T$'s, ptition" (an on. - ($a"*! an! #o'n! *'it. 'n!" t$ La-o"Co! w$i($ was in #o"( in 1993 w$n t$ a(ts att"i-'t! to $" w" (o))itt!&Ptition" was ($a"*! in 1998 'n!" an In#o")ation t$at ""ono's. !si*nat! t$o##ns as (o/"! -. R&A& No& 82B, -'t a*! in its -o!. a(ts w$i($ a" p'nis$a-'n!" t$ La-o" Co!& As it was p"o/n t$at ptition" $a! (o))itt! t$ a(ts s$ was($a"*! wit$, s$ was p"op". (on/i(t! 'n!" t$ La-o" Co!, an! not 'n!" R&A&No& 82B&

T$" is no /ioation o# t$ p"o$i-ition a*ainst 0 post #a(to aw no" a "t"oa(ti/appi(ation o# R&A& No& 82B, as a*! -. ptition"& An 0 post #a(to aw is on w$i($,a)on* ot$"s, a**"a/ats a ("i) o" )a+s it *"at" t$an it was w$n (o))itt! o"($an*s t$ p'nis$)nt an! in#i(ts a *"at" p'nis$)nt t$an t$ aw ann0! to t$("i) w$n (o))itt!& 14 Pna aws an! aws w$i($, w$i not pna in nat'",nont$ss $a/ p"o/isions !#inin* o##nss an! p"s("i-in* pnatis #o" t$i"/ioation op"at p"osp(ti/.& Pna aws (annot - *i/n "t"oa(ti/ ##(t, 0(ptw$n t$. a" #a/o"a- to t$ a(('s!& 1

R&A& No& 82B a)n!! p"tinnt p"o/isions o# t$ La-o" Co! an! *a/ a nw!#inition o# t$ ("i) o# i*a "("'it)nt an! p"o/i!! #o" its $i*$" pnat.& T$" isno in!i(ation in R&A& No& 82B t$at sai! aw, in('!in* t$ pnatis p"o/i!! t$"in,wo'! ta+ ##(t "t"oa(ti/.& A aw (an n/" - (onsi!"! 0 post #a(to as on* as itop"ats p"osp(ti/. sin( its st"i(t'"s wo'! (o/" on. o##nss (o))itt! a#t"an! not -#o" its na(t)nt& 18 Nit$" !i! t$ t"ia (o'"t no" t$ appat (o'"t *i/R&A& No& 82B a "t"oa(ti/ appi(ation sin( -ot$ (o'"ts pass! 'pon ptition">s (ason. 'n!" t$ a*is o# t$ La-o" Co!& T$ p"o(!in*s -#o" t$ t"ia (o'"t an! t$appat (o'"t !i! not /ioat t$ p"o$i-ition a*ainst 0 post #a(to aw no" in/o/! a

"t"oa(ti/ appi(ation o# R&A& No& 82B in an. wa.&

7EREFORE, t$ ptition is ENIE& T$ assai! (ision !at! 'n 225 an!Rso'tion !at! 8 No/)-" 224 o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas a" AFFIRME& TA(Ia

%ECMEN V CUARESMAT$s (onsoi!at! ptitions assai t$ A)n!! (ision 1 o# t$ Co'"t o# Appas!at! Ma. 1B, 228 in CAs -o!., t$ i+. (a's o# $" !at$was poisonin*& T$'s:

A((o"!in* to tt" No& 199, !at! &&1B19, iss'! -. A


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T$ sai! p"son was -"o'*$t to t$ E)"*n(. Roo) o# t$ $ospita ti) 1&2 P&M&an! s$ was 'n(ons(io's, -', no p's, no "spi"ation an! t$ #i"st ai! s!'n!"ta+n -'t wit$o't s'((ss&

3&ia*nosis an! Opinion: at in -oo! (i"('ation "spi"ato". s.st) an! -"ain !a)a*!' to an appa"nt poisonin* w$i($ is 'n!" in/sti*ation& B

Na): as)in C'a"s)aS0: F)a

Ma"ita Stat's: Sin*Nationait.: P$iipino ;si(=Ri*ion: C$"istianP"o#ssion: N'"sA!!"ss: As"po"t as w as t$ SA poi( "po"t, #in!in* t$ sa) to - in(on('si/& It !(a"!t$at as)in>s !at$ was t$ "s't o# an Ja((i!ntJ o(('""in* wit$in t$ )po.">s


47/51

p")iss t$at is att"i-'ta- to $" )po.)nt, o" to t$ (on!itions 'n!" w$i($ s$i/!, an! t$'s a"os o't o# an! in t$ (o'"s o# $" )po.)nt as n'"s& T$'s, t$C'a"s)as a" ntit! to a(t'a !a)a*s in t$ #o") o# as)in>s ost a"nin*s,in('!in* #'t'" a"nin*s, in t$ tota a)o'nt o# USK113,222&22& T$ Co))ission,$ow/", !is)iss! a ot$" (ai)s in t$ (o)paint&

%()n, Raa- an! 7$it Fa(on )o/! #o" "(onsi!"ation, w$"'pon t$Co))ission iss'! its O(to-" 9, 223 Rso'tion 1 "!'(in* t$ awa"! o#USK113,222&22 as a(t'a !a)a*s to USK82,222&22& 13 T$ NLRC i+wis !(a"!

%()n an! 7$it Fa(on as soi!a"i. ia- #o" pa.)nt o# t$ awa"!&%()n an! 7$it Fa(on -"o'*$t spa"at ptitions #o" ("tio"a"i to t$ Co'"t o#

Appas& 1B On 'n 8, 224, t$ appat (o'"t "n!"! its (ision, 15 t$!ispositi/ po"tion o# w$i($ "a!s, as #oows:

7EREFORE, t$ s'-(t ptitions a" ENIE -'t in t$ 0('tion o# t$ !(ision, its$o'! #i"st - n#o"(! a*ainst 7$it Fa(on S"/i(s an! t$n a*ainst %()nS"/i(s w$n it is a"a!. i)possi-, i)p"a(ti(a an! #'ti to *o a*ainst it ;7$itFa(on=&

SO ORERE& 14

T$ appat (o'"t a##i")! t$ NLRC>s #in!in*s t$at as)in>s !at$ was(o)pnsa-, t$ sa) $a/in* o(('""! at t$ !o")ito"., w$i($ was (ont"a(t'a.p"o/i!! -. t$ )po."& T$'s $" !at$ s$o'! - (onsi!"! to $a/ o(('""! wit$int$ )po.">s p")iss, a"isin* o't o# an! in t$ (o'"s o# $" )po.)nt&

%()n an! 7$it Fa(on )o/! #o" "(onsi!"ation& On Ma. 1B, 228, t$ appat(o'"t "n!"! t$ assai! A)n!! (ision, t$ !ispositi/ po"tion o# w$i($ "a!s,as #oows: A(aCS

7EREFORE, t$ )otions #o" "(onsi!"ation a" GRANTE& A((o"!in*., t$ awa"!o# USK82,222&22 in a(t'a !a)a*s is $"-. "!'(! to USKB,484&3 p's int"st att$ *a "at (o)p't! #"o) t$ ti) it -(a) !' 'nti #'. pai!& Ptition"s a"$"-. a!'!*! oint. an! soi!a"i. ia- wit$ t$ )po." #o" t$ )onta". awa"!swit$ %()n S"/i( E0po"t" an! P"o)otions, In(& $a/in* a "i*$t o# "i)-'"s)nt#"o) 7$it Fa(on S"/i(s, In(&

SO ORERE& 1

In t$ A)n!! (ision, t$ Co'"t o# Appas #o'n! t$at at$o'*$ as)in>s !at$ was(o)pnsa-, $ow/", t$" is no /i!ntia". -asis to s'ppo"t an awa"! o# a(t'a!a)a*s in t$ a)o'nt o# USK82,222&22& No" )a. ost a"nin*s - (o(t!, -(a'st$ sa) )a. - ($a"*! on. a*ainst t$ p"pt"ato" o# t$ ("i) o" @'asi

%()n #i! t$ instant ptition #o" "/iw on ("tio"a"i ;G&R& Nos& 1898


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On t$ ot$" $an!, in G&R& Nos& 18B98S FUTURE EARNINGS 7IC IS ;AN= INERENT FACTOR IN TECOMPUTATION OF EAT %ENEFITS OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO CONTRACT7ORERS&

;TE COURT OF APPEALS= GRAVELD ERRE IN REUCING TE EAT%ENEFITS A7ARE %D NLRC CONSIERE FININGS OF FACT TAT CANNOT%E ISTUR%E TROUG CERTIORARI UNER RULE 45 OF TE RULES OFCOURT&

T$ iss' #o" "so'tion is w$t$" t$ C'a"s)as a" ntit! to )onta". (ai)s, -.wa. o# -n#its an! !a)a*s, #o" t$ !at$ o# t$i" !a'*$t" as)in&

T$ t")s an! (on!itions o# as)in>s 1994 E)po.)nt A*")nt w$i($ s$ an! $")po." Raa- #". nt"! into (onstit't t$ aw -twn t$)& As a "',stip'ations in an )po.)nt (ont"a(t not (ont"a". to stat'ts, p'-i( poi(., p'-i(o"!" o" )o"as $a/ t$ #o"( o# aw -twn t$ (ont"a(tin* pa"tis& 18 An0a)ination o# sai! )po.)nt a*")nt s$ows t$at it p"o/i!s #o" no ot$")onta". o" ot$" -n#its6p"i/i*s t$an t$ #oowin*:

1&1,322 "ias ;o" USKB&22= )ont$. saa".

&F" ai" ti(+ts to SA at t$ sta"t o# $" (ont"a(t an! to t$ P$iippins at t$ n!t$"o#, as w as #o" $" /a(ation at t$ n! o# a($ twnt. #o'"s p")issJ )a. - !#in! /". -"oa!. not on. to in('!p")iss own! -. it, -'t aso p")iss it ass, $i"s, s'ppis o" 'ss, 2 w a"not p"pa"! to "' t$at t$ !o")ito". w$"in as)in sta.! s$o'! (onstit't)po.">s p")iss as wo'! aow a #in!in* t$at !at$ o" in'". t$"in is (onsi!"!

to $a/ -n in('""! o" s'stain! in t$ (o'"s o# o" a"os o't o# $" )po.)nt&T$" a" ("tain. 0(ptions, 1 -'t t$. !o not appa" to app. $"& Mo"o/", a(o)pt !t")ination wo'! $a/ to !pn! on t$ 'ni@' (i"(')stan(s o-tainin*an! t$ o/"a #a(t'a n/i"on)nt o# t$ (as, w$i($ a" $" a(+in*&

%'t, !i! as)in (o))it s'i(i! Raa-, %()n an! 7$it Fa(on /$)nt. insistt$at s$ !i! t$'s, $" $i"s )a. not (ai) -n#its o" !a)a*s -as! on ("i)inaa**"ssion& On t$ ot$" $an!, t$

lafullbor full txt set 1

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