laikaman (2) de n shakawn ai n nga lu anhte jawm · 1 2017 volume iii, no. vestablished 2015....

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2017 Volume III, No. V Established 2015.

Laikaman (2) de

Laikaman (3) de Laikaman (13) de

Myen gaw bumnga masha ni shada n ju hkat na matu ladat shaw ai hta, marai langai hte langai lang ai ladat n bung tim mung, yawsha-

da ai lam-yan gaw langai sha re. U Nu shadip magam gaw, Myen Com-munist hte Kayin rawtmalan hpang wa ai shaloi, Kachin hpyendap hpe lang nna Pathein ginra hkan na mara n rawng ai Myen hte Kayin mare masha ni hpe atsai awai rai hkan sat sharu kau shangun ai. Du Kaba Lahpai Naw Seng, Yetashe kaw du nga yang, Toungoo kaw jahkrat tawn ai Kayin rawtmalan hpung ni hpe sa shamyit kau na matu, Order hkrat wa ai. Naw Seng, shi a hpyenhpung ni hpe tsun wu ai gaw:- U Nu shadip magam gaw, Myen dap hpe majan n gasat shangun, anhte hpe shawng si gwiran shatai ai. Kayin hte anhte Kachin gaw myitrum

HPYEN WA PYI, SHI HPE N DINGYAWM AI

N NGA LUJJ Lum Dau (7 November 2017)

Anhte Wunpawng Myusha ni hta mungkan kaw Hkanghkyi daram matse nna kaba ai heavy weight Alain Ngalani hpe

chyahkyawn daram sha kaba ai middle weight, Nsang Awng La gaw first round laman mungkan madang shingjawng poi kaw Alain hpe manat jahtan kau lu ai shingjawng poi hpe mu wa ai mungkan masha ni yawng sakse jawm hkam wa masai. Awng La gaw, shi hte hpyen wa a ntsa kaw shen maram yu ai shaloi, shi hku nna teng teng dang na re, nga nna tsepkawp kam nga nu ai. Shingrai shingjawng poi rai n shang yang tsun wu ai gaw, shan lahkawng maga na mahkrum madup amyu myu hta lakap nna dinglik yu ga nga yang, hpyen wa gaw shi hta mahkrum madup grau law ai, namnak grau kaba nna n-gun grau ja ai hta n-ga, grau lawan ai nga timung, shi hpe hpa zawn n nawn ya ai rai nna, shi hpe second round kaw teng teng dang kau na, nga nna mungkan a man e, ndau tawn magang sai. Alain gaw hkangshan zawn manyen na matu hkum ting sau htap hte htap chya tawn ai hpe Awng La maram lu ai hte, dai sau hpe laknak kaba gara hku shatai la na matu myihprap zawn lawan ai hte dawdan la nna, kalangta shi a lata lahkawng maga hpe hpri tawng shatai la nhtawm, hpyen wa a hkum hte baw hpe shi a man kaw kalangta amanyen rai gyit shanghkawng gumba bang dat ai hte ngang ngang jahtuk jum la lu na matu manu hkra hpyen wa hpe shi a hkum ntsa kaw na nmai shamu mat hkra, amanyen rai gang kadawng la ai laman, n mai shamu mat ai hta n-ga, nsa mung n mai sa mat nna htan si mat na maga hta lai nna kaga mahkrun n nga sai. Raitimung, Alain a matu gam mi akaja rai asak lawt lu na lam langai dan pru wa ai gaw, shi a pai maga na kra pru nga ai layung ni hpe hpang jahtum shamu dat lu na ahkaw ahkang lang ai hpe Referee wa mu dat nna, Awng

ANHTE JAWM MYIT YU RA SAI

Naga Wondin

Myusha masa hte mungh masa (National issue and Political issue) : Mungkan e

awmdawm shanglawt lu nga sai mungdan ni hta, myusha masa hte mungh masa ngu ai hpe ginghka na n nga ai daram re. Raitim, hpyen kasat nga ai gaw, hpa majaw kasat ai ngu ai hpe ginghka wa ai shaloi, myusha masa hte mungh masa gaw grai shai ai. Mungkan hta, byin nga ai majan ni hpe maram yu ai shaloi, myusha masa, mungh masa, hpung masa aq majaw, majan byin lai wa sai lam anhte chye nga ga ai, Bai, ya gaw jahten sharun ai (terrorist) masa a majaw majan byin ai lam bai nga wa sai. Hpyen kasat ai shaloi, myusha masa aq matu kasat ai re nga yang, kaga amyusha ni tinang aq amyusha ni hpe dip-rip sha ai hta n-ga, tinang aq awmdawm ahkaw ahkang hpe mung shamyit kau ya ai majaw, dai kaw na lawt lu na matu kasat nga ai re, awmdawm shanglawt aq matu kasat nga ai re, ngu ai hpe mungkan masha ni asan sha chyena ya ai. Raitim, mungh masa aq matu kasat ai re

N SHAKAWN AI N NGA LUJJ Lum Dau

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Established 2015. Volume III, No. V 2017

si nang nna ngam nga yang mung, Hindhu Galar shinggyim wuhpung ting, shi (gaidah jan) hpe koiyen maq ai. N kanawn mazum maq ai. Shiq aq shingnip shingnar wa hkrah ai pyi gaw, "yuk ai, hpuk ai" ngu nna htunghking makam nga nga maluq ai. Deng ningh-kan, gaidah num gaw, si gui matwa ai, re. Ndai satlawat hpe British colony prat e sheq, lu pat dawm jahkring kau maq ai. Dai pyi gaw, Indian shanglawt lu ai hpang hkan mung, nam kahtawng ni hkan, matut nna galaw nga ai ni mung, nga laiwa masai. Ndai Hindhu Galar htunghking lailen satlawat jasat jasa zawn, Kachin e gamung dup, shatlai lai yu hpar rawng nga ai. Kachin htunghking makam htaq, du magam ni chyu sha, "Madai Nat" jawqjau maq ai. Dai pyi gaw, du magam htingnu ntah gawk kata deq, jashawn lah bang maduq tawn ai, rai nga ai. Laga pang masha ni jawqjau na ahkang n lu nga ai. Tinang du magam rusai nah htingbyen pru ra nna du magam ahkang zin-ya hpe garan jawq shalawm matwa mayu yang snr laga shara deq lamugah maden jat lah mayu yang, "Nat Htawt" ngu ai lamang jawqjau (ritual ceremo-ny) hteq, galaw laiwa masai. Madai Nat kawq nna rudiq wa ai manau dum hpawng lamang mung, du magam ni chyu sha, galaw lu ai rai nga ai. Manau dum ngut jang, manau shadung hpe bai htu shawq tawn kau ra maq ai. Manau shadung hpe aten galu n jun tawn shan-gun maq ai. Jawqjau ai tawn hkung-ri, pinra, kaqyawm ni yawng mung, naq naq n hkam (htenza loi) ai bawq arung arai ni lang ra maluq ai. Tsun mayu ai gaw, hpunjaq, kung dik ai kawah ni hpe n lang maq ai. Ndai hpun, kawah ni hpe mung, ningnansing hkrai, kran lang ra nga ai. Ndai kawq mung, lailen myit jasat jasa kap lawm hkratwa sai. Ndai hku nna du magam ni woi galaw ai htunghking lailen makam gaw, du mag-am ngang grin lam rai nga ai. Manau shadung hpe n htu shawq kau ai sha, jun shayan tawn dah yang, "alawng paw ai,

"Madai" ngu ai Jinghpaw gasi hpe Maru, Azi, Naga, ... ni hkan, mulu nga ai. Jinghpaw aga n chye ai Azi Dumsa ni, Jinghpaw aga hku nna tsun dumsa maq ai. Sinnaq hkran hteq sinprawq hkran magah deq, nga pra ai amyu ni kawq, kap nang matwa ai gasi, gahkaw, htunghking makam ni lawq malawng gaw, lapran e nga ai Jinghpaw nna brachyam matwa ai, rai nga ai. Madai aq majun, namnak, makam bungli ni yawng mung, maren sha rai, nga ai. Jinghpaw ni "dumsa" ngu ai hpe Maru gaw, "damsa"; bai "hkinjawng" hpe Maru gaw, "hkinjaung"; "muq" hpe Maru gaw "muk", ... ngu nna tsun nga maq ai. Ndai ni gaw, Madai Nat jawqjau lamang nah laminq laman gasi gahkaw kaba ni, rai nga ai. Mi-moi, India Galar htunghking e, masha si yang, wanjang galaw nna hkumtsawp mang hpe nat maq ai. Maduq wa si jang, maduq jan mung, dai wanjang e kadawng si hkam lah maq ai. Maduq jan si nna nat jang, maduq wa ni gaw, n hkan si lawm nga maq ai. Num ni, hkan si lawm nang gui matwa ai mung, shanhte hkamlah ai htunghking makam nga nga ai. Hindhu htunghking makam htaq, gaidah num ni gaw ding-ye lu ai, alar baw n gun ai, awuq asin re ai, matsat shabat re ai, ... ngu nna hkaplah tawn nga maq ai. Dai hpe Hindhu Galar ting, kam hkrat wa nna maduq wa si jang, num ni hkan si nang nang re ai, re. N hkan kadawng

Editorial Mahkuh

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La dang sai lam, kalangta aten dep ndau dat sai. Alain gaw Awng La hpe asak madu hku nna, nachying chyeju dum let lu rawt tsap dat ai hte Awng La a lata lahkawng maga hpe shi a salum kaw ahpum shakap la hkra rai nna dingyawm la ngut ai hte, “Nang gaw masha a man e mung, Karai Kasang a man e mung, ngai hpe apyaw sha dang la nit dai”, ngu ai masat masa hte kabu gara yin la sai, ngu ai myiman madun let Awng La a lata hpe shi nan sharawt ya dat sai. Lama Awng La gaw shi a hpy-en wa hpe mungkan ting a man kaw asan apra manat sat kau lu sai, ngu ai arawng sadang ra sharawng ai rai yang, Referee wa matsun jaw ai hpe n

dum shamyi rai aten kadun mi matut manat tawn ai rai yang, Alain gaw mungkan gamu shingjawng poi hta Awng La a lahpyen kaw teng sha nsa hti mat na sai. Raitimung Awng La gaw sportsman majing a hkam la ai spirit hte maren, ginsup ninghkring ni hkan sa ra ai ritkawp tara hpe hkan shadik shatup wa sai. “Anhte a awng-padang, Yehowa Karai Kasang” ngu ai matsun maroi hpe manoi manat nga ai wa rai nga ai hta n-ga, Kachin ngu ai Myusha ni yawng mung, Karai Kasang a tsawra shawang myit hpe kamhpa manoi manat nga ai ni rai nna, hpyen wa hpe majan pa kaw hpyen wa hpe zawn gasat nna, simsa ai ten hta shin-ggyim masha shada a lai lang ai ni rai

Laikaman (1) “HPYEN WA PYI, SHI HPE N DINGYAWM AI N NGA LU” matut

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AdvisersJJ Lum Dau (Bangkok)

Wang Hkang AwngEditor-in-Chief

B.D. MaranManaging Editor

Kareng Tu JaDeputy Editor

Dumsa Lawt AwngForeign Correspondence

Stella @ A Naw (Chiangmai)Computer Section

Sumlut Roi SengSumlut Bawk Hkawn

Layout hte DesignGumring Zau Mai

(Hkaq Shang)Website Master

Hkangda Brang San Awng (California)

Manager forFinance and Distribution

Hkangda Hkam NyoiColumnists

All staff members of HPLNContact Information

Hparat Panglai Laika NauraLawk - V, Munglai Mazup,

Laiza Mare, KachinlandEmail : [email protected]

Website : www.h-panglai.comHparat Panglai Journal hpe laning mi

htaq, kruq lang shaprawq ai.

hkik ai wa paw pruwa ai, hkawhkam paw ai, ..." ngu nna htunghking hku, hkaplah kamsham hkratwa maq ai. Ndai satlawat n byin pruwa na matu, lahtaq nah htunghking maka lamiq laman ni gaw, shiq lachyum majun jasat jasa ni nga shajang hkratwa ai. Manau dum lamang e, Dumsa ni dumsa ya maq ai. Jaiwa ni jaiwa ya maq ai zawn, myihtoi, hkringwa, hkinjawng, hpunglum, ... ni yawng, shiq bungli hteq bungli shang galaw nga maq ai. Manau dum ai shaloi, laga pang masha ni sa shanglawm mai ai. Manau hpe dang lu ai daram, jahkik jahkam shadan shadawng maq ai. Du magam ni aq hkik-hkam lam gaw, ndai manau lamang e kra nga ai. Kachin du magam gumchying gumsa lailen ni gaw, Shanglawt Rawtmalan ningpawt daw e, jahtum manuq ai. Jahkring pat dawm kau ai ngu tim, gumchying gumsa jasat jasa lailen hpe n shawq kau lu shajang nga maq ai. Pat jahkring kau dat lu ai gaw, mu mada lu ai du magam gumchy-ing gumsa lailen (material culture) hpe sha, lu shadawm kau ai, rai nga ai. N mu lu (n jum lu) ai jasat jasa lailen hpe gaw, n shawq galai kau lu nga maq ai. Kachin ni htaq, du magam htunghking hku nna lang hkratwa ai kyang lailen ni gaw, dainih du hkra, moi nah hteq, rawq nawq rai nga ai. Tinang aq shawng nah ningbaw ninglar wa galai yang snr si mat jang, shi galaw dah ai wuhkya (bungli) ni hpe bai n kam wawq shakut matut ai jasat jasa ni gaw, manau hkriq-dun lailen makam nah kap hkrat nga sai, re. Laga shai ai wuhkya satlawat hku, bai ningnansing wawq lah hpang ai jasat jasa lailen ni gaw, htunghking lailen makam nah kap lawm wa nga sagaq ai. Ndai mabyin lailen satlawat masa hpe Kachin pratpra sa wa ai shinggyim wuhpawng shagu e, nawq noi nga ai. Ndai lailen satlawat ntsa e, dawqdan lam ni shabyin ai. Ndai gaw htunghking hteq lailen makam, lailen makam hteq pratpra sa wa ai hkriqdun jasat jasa gamung, rai nga ai. Bai, shatlai lai yu hpar, editorial mahkuh e dup shalawm dat gaq ai.

B.D. MaranEditor-in-Chief

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2017 Volume III, No. V Established 2015. ga ai. Mabyin masa amyu myu hta hkan nna, daini na Ramma ni gaw daini na ningbaw ningla byin mai ai zawn, hpawtni na ningbaw ningla mung matut byin mai ai lam, Nsang Awng La hku nna dawdan ai hte maren, tatut kaw asan sha kasi hku shi hkam la ai hpe tsun dan ai hta n-ga, tatut hta mung shi nan hkamdahka lam tau jaw ai hta grau tsaw ai madang hte awngdang dan wa sai. Alain gaw Awng La hta asak 10 ning grau kaba nna mahkrum madup hte kaga lam shagu hta mung madang grau tsaw ai rai nna, poi yu masha law malawng gaw Alain dang na re nga kam let, ja gumhpraw jap nna shingjawng ai ni kade sum mat masai lam na chye wa saga ai. Raitimung Awng La a magrau grang ai hte shi a atsam yawng hpe maram chye nna, shi a maga de gumhpraw jap ai ni chyawm gaw, aten kadun laman amyat kaba shu la lu masai hta n-ga, Kachin ngu ai Myusha ni a arawng sadang hpe mung sharawt la lu masai. Shingrai daini na Ramma ni gaw, prat chyanat hkalem sha wa ai satan a gasadi hpe n kam masai rai nna, shanhte yawng gaw, awmdawm ahkaw ahkang a matu shakut sa wa na matu, dawdan tawn masai lam na chye lu ai. Grau nna ndai ten hta grup-yin de yu dat yang, KIA kaw nna hpyen hpaji sharin ya dat ai Arakan Army (AA) ni gaw awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu wa na matu satan wa hpe atsam htum hte majan gasat nga masai hta n-ga, Dr. Aye Maung ningbaw ai mungmasha ni rai jang, Yahkaing mungdan gaw Yah-kaing myusha ni nga na matu re. Suu Kyi gaw Ruhingya ni hpe woi la mayu ai rai yang, Yahkaing ginra de n mai woi shang wa na re, Nanhte Myen ni a ginra de woi la mu, nga nna aja awa marawn kamak jaw nga ai hpe mung jawm na lu nga ga ai. Awmdawm ah-

kaw ahkang lu ai hte maigan mungdan de kalangta matut mahkai hkawm sa wa lu na matu mung, Yahkaing myusha ni a matu passport galaw tawn magang masai. Dai hte maren, USA kaw sa du nga ai Kayin hpu nau ni gaw, mani, daini laman tinggyeng lu lawm lam hpe myit marin nga ai shanhte a ning-baw ningla ni hpe madi shadaw lam n-galaw sai hte maren, Myen hpyendap hte sadip magam hpe mung ninghkap sa wa nga masai lam, masha hky-ing kaba Washington DC kaw n-gun madun let Myenmung a shingdu lam maigan masha ni asan apra jawm na chye lu hkra htawn tsun ai hta, My-enmung ting a mungdan madu gaw, Myen amyu n re, anhte zawn re ai kaga bumnga myusha ni she rai ga ai. Myen amyu ngu ai gaw, India de na shang wa ai hpyen yen hpu nau yan kaw na nga pra wa ai ni rai ma ai lam, Myen amyu ni nan ka tawn ai shingdu labau hpe jawm hti wa yu saga ai lam asan apra tsun nga masai. Islam State (IS) gaw Christian mungdan zawn re ai American ni hpe masing amyu myu hku ninghkap jahten sharun wa masai. Maga mi de dai zawn re ai masing hpe matai htang lu na matu kaning re ai hpaji ni lang nhtawm ahkyak la hkat nga ma ai hpe mung simani ai mahkrun hku hkaja la mai nga ai. Gashadawn, ja gumhpraw lu su nna daru magam n-gun ja ai Muslim mungdan langai hpe jahkau shakam la let, dai mungdan hpe machyu nhtawm shanhte shada jahten sharun hkat ai ladat hpe madung lang nga ma ai. Ndai hpaji gaw anhte Wunpawng myusha ni hpe jahten sharun kau lu na matu satan wa lang ai hpaji ningpawt ninghpang nan rai sai. Laklai nna bawnu zen ai ni hpe training jaw let asung jashawn nga ma ai. Gashadawn, anhte Wunpawng Myusha ni hpe jahten sharun kau lu

na matu yawng a npawt nhpang rai nga ai makam masham lam hpe jahten sharun ai. Aten galu a matu Ramma ni gaw madung rai nga ai majaw, dai Ramma ni hpe jahten kau lu na matu kani nanghpam malu masha ni lang wa masai. Myusha yawng hpe makawp maga nga ai KIO hpe jahten sharun lu na matu, kata lam kaw dumbru dumbra byin hkra galaw ya ai hte, uhpung law htam wa nna shada ninghkap hkat wa ai marang e, hpung shagu gaw, satan a shingna tai wa sai. Ndai lam tinang a shangwang kata kaw byin wa ai hpe npawt nhpang tawn nna, ndai laman Saudi Arabia mungdan na hkawhkam amyu ni hta hpa majaw zang ayai mat ai hpe sungsung hkaja yu yang, anhte Wunpawng Myusha ni hta, gara hku zang ayai mat ai hpe Ramma ni hku nna mabyin masa npawt nhpang hpe mu wa nga masai. Shing re hkaja la lu ai hpaji gaw du na ra ai ten ni hta, tinang myusha ni kaw byin wa na satan wa a nampum hpe tau nna mu lu ai marang e, tinang a myusha ni hpe tau nna makawp maga la lu let, ngangkang hkamdahka lam nga ai myusha ni byin tai wa lu na ga ai. Shingrai, lai mat wa sai mabyin masa ni a ntsa kaw aten shama shalai nga na malai, du na ra ai ten ni hta hkamdahka lam nga ai Wunpawng mungdan hpe gara madang hte jawm gawgap sharawt la lu na matu gaw, madung rai wa na re. Awngdang wa ai madang gaw, daini na Ramma ni a atsam hta hkan wa na re majaw, jut shagu na Ramma ni a atsam hpe damlada ai ningmu, hpaji ni hpe Nsang Awng La a kasi zawn re ai myit hpaji hte atsam hpe jawm shatsaw la nht-awm, atsam htum hte jawm hkyen la-jang sa na matu, Ramma ni yawng hpe nachying kamhpa let, lajin dat nngai law.

nga yang, dai gaw mungdan kata na manghkang re nga nna, ahkyak n la ma ai, hpa n sawn ya ma ai. Dai majaw, mungkan masha ni anhte hpe atsawm chyena ya na matu, anhte awmdawm shanglawt aq matu kaja wa kasat nga ai rai yang, anhte a issue gaw myusha masa (national issue) re, mungh masa (political issue) n re, ngu ai hpe asan sha tsun na ahkyak wa ai. Bai, dai myusha masa a matu kasat wa ai shaloi, anhte a jaw ai, teng ai lam (right) hpe tsun na matu mung, grai ahkyak ai. Dai myusha masa hpe, mungh masa ahkaw ahkang, sut masa ahkaw

ahkang, bawngring rawtjat galu kaba wa na ahkaw ahkang jaw ai hku nna hparan la n mai ai. Shanglawt mungdan ngu ai hpe masat ya ai hku nna sha, mai hparan ya lu ai. Gashadawn, East Timor ni gaw shanhte aq myusha masa, awmdawm shanglawt aq matu majan kasat lai wa sai. Dai majaw, shanhte hpe mungh masa ahkaw ahkang kaba lu ai mungdaw (autonomous state) jaw na ngu, Indonesia shadip magam tsun ai hpe shanhte n hkapla ai. Dai rai nna, mungh masa ahkaw ahkang jawq ai hku nna manghkang hpe n mai hparan la lu sai. Hpang jahtum, 2002 shaning, May shata hta shanhte aq

awmdawm shanglawt hpe masat ya ai hku nna hparan ya lai wa sai re. Dai majaw, myusha masa hpe jawq ai, lah ai masa (give and take policy) hku nna n hparan la lu ai. Mungh masa : Mungh masa ngu ai gaw, shanglawt mungdan ni hta mungh masa party hpaw nna ningbaw shingjawng ai masa, tinang a shadip magam kaw na ahkaw ahkang hpyi ai, gashadawn federal hpyi ai, bawngring lam hpyi ai, mungh masa (political ideology) galai na matu galaw ai lam ni gaw mungh masa re, ngu ai hpe mungkan masha ni hkapla chyena ma ai. Dai mungh masa gaw shanglawt lu

Laikaman (1) “ANHTE JAWM MYIT YU RA SAI” matut

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na matu kasat ai majan n re, mungdan langai kata kaw simsa ai hte ngamu ngamai, ngwi ngwi pyaw pyaw nga lu na matu galaw ai bungli sha re. Dai majaw, myusha masa hte mungh masa gaw shai ai re. Dai mungh masa manghkang hpe jawq ai, lah ai masa hku nna hparan la mai nga ai. Dai majaw, Aung San Kaw tsun ai gaw “nanhte ni hpyi hkrai hkum hpyi mu le, jawq na mung myit u le” nga wa ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, bawsang ni federal hpyi ai majaw re. Shi a ga hpe madat yu yang, Myen ni gaw federal masa hpringtup n jawq lu ai, ngu tsun mayu ai lam re ngu, maram lu ai. Anhte bawsang ni yawng gaw myusha masa aq majaw Myen ni hpe ninghkap kasat ai majan hpang wa ai ni hkrai re. Dai re majaw myusha masa hku nna galaw sa wa ra nga ai. Myen ni anhte bawsang ni hpe kasat nga ai masa hpe yu dat yang, mungh masa n re, myusha masa hte anhte hpe kasat nga ai re. Dai majaw, Aung San Kaw hte Myen hpyendu ni “amyusha myit hkrum mangrung ra ai lam” tsun yang shanhte Myen myusha ni myit hkrum na lam tsun ai sha re. Bawsang myusha ni hte myit hkrum na lam tsun ai n re. Dai re majaw, Aung San Kaw hpe mung, kam na lam hpa n nga ai. Myen ni aq myusha masa : Myen ni aq myusha masa gaw, Myen mungdan kaw amyu langai sha rai na, (Myen sha, rai na), ga langai sha rai ra ai (Myen ga), laika langai sha rai ra ai (Myen laika), makam maskam hpung langai sha rai ra ai (Bukda hpung). Ndai Myen aq myusha masa hku nna bawsang ni hpe kasat nga ai majaw, yaq Myen mungdan kaw majan ngu ai zim na lam n mu nga ai. Dai shanhte ra ai lam byin wa hkra, Myen ni gaw aten naq naq garawt nna bawsang ni hpe majan kasat nga na maw nga ai. Manghkang hpe shanhte hparan na n myit ai. Shanhte aq myusha masa awngdang na matu sha, galaw nga ai. Mali (4) ngu na Myen empire (fourth Burma empire) byin wa lu hkra, galaw ai lam bawsang myusha ningbaw ni yawng chye nga ma ai. Dai majaw, bawsang ni hpe federal ngu ai hpe gara hku mung n jaw lu ai, federal ngu ai hpe shanhte grai hkrit nga ai re. Shanhte n hkrit yang gaw, moi kaw na bawsang ni hpyi ai zawn jaw chyalu re. Dai majaw, anhte ni mung, tinang aq myusha masa hta ngang ngang tsap ra sai, n tsap lu yang anhte amyu mat na masa nga ai re. Myen ni gaw manghkang hpe hparan na malai, bawsang ni hpe shanhte raq ai hku nga shangun lu na matu, Myen hpyendap

hpe shagrung ra ai ngu ai hpe sha ahkyak tawn nna galaw nga ai. Dai hpe Aung San Kaw, Gen. Main Awng Hlaing hte Myen hpyendu ni yawng myit hkrum nna galaw nga ai lam hpe shiga kaw hti lu ai. Dai majaw, Gen. Main Aung Hlaing gaw, Israel, Rusia, India mungdan ni, yawng de kagat hkawm nna, hkyikhkam ai laknak ni hpe mari la na matu, shakut nga ai re. Missile laknak mari lu na matu, shakut nga ai lam chye lu ai. Dai hku n rai yang, shanhte manghkang hpe hparan na matu, ahkying garawt na lam hpa n nga ai, lai wa sai manga ning laman hta manghkang hpe tengtup hparan ya lu ai re. Simsaq lam : Ya galaw bawngban nga ai simsa lam hpe bai maram yu dat yang, anhte bawsang ni a matu hpa akyu n rawng ai, Myen a matu akyu rawng na lam hpe sha, anhte bawsang ni galaw ya nga ai re. Simsa lam gaw, hpyen a matu akyu rawng ai hte anhte a matu akyu rawng ai simsa lam ngu garan la mai ai. Myen galaw lai wa sai simsa lam ni yawng hpe maram dat yu yang, anhte bawsang ni a matu akyu rawng ai lam langai mi mung n mu ai, Myen ni aq akyu rawng ai simsa lam hkrai sha tai mat ai. Gashadawn, 1994 ning simsa lam hpe Myen ni hte Wunpawng mungdan Shadip Magam KIO galaw mat wa ai hpang, Myen hpyendu ni, Wungpawng Jinghpaw mungdan na lungseng hte hpun ni hpe kam ai hku galaw sha lai wa sai, dai majaw shanthe manu mana lusu mat wa sai, shara kaja ni hpe Myen hpyendap ni madu la kau sai, Myen ni law law hpe Jinghpaw mungh de shalun la lu sai, pa layang tsawm ai shara ni hpe Myen zing la kau sai. Jinghpaw ramma ni hpe nanghpam kani hte chyahten ya sai, Jinghpaw

wa ai shaloi, Myen shadip magam mying danhkrung shangun dat ai sha n-ga, dai simsa lam hpe bawsang ni hte lu galaw nga ai, ngu ai mying hpe la nna, maigan sinna mundan ni kaw na gumhpaw Dola ri (Billion) hku she, mahkawng lu la sai. Dai gumhpraw hte lanak kaja ni bai mari nna anhte hpe bai kasat nga ai. Raiyang, anhte galaw nga ai ladat gaw, Myen ni anhte hpe kasat shamyit lu na matu, shanhte n-gun grau rawng wa lu hkra, anhte nan galaw ya ai lam n tai nga a ni? Dai majaw, simsa lam hpe madi shadaw ai ngu ai gaw teng ai masa rai kun? ngu ai hpe, anhte bai maram yu ra sai. Aung San Kaw galaw ai tsaban 21 Panglong kaw, anhte sa lawm ai aq marang e, Myen ni a mungh masa awngdang lu na matu anhte garum ya ai sha, bai tai wa sai. Dai tsaban 21 Panglong zuphpawng kaw anhte lawm nna, ngut shagu Myen ni gaw Myen hpyen la manu mana Jinghpaw Wunpawng mungdan de shalun nna, Jinghpaw amyusha ni hpe bai wa kasat kasat rai sai. Dai majaw, Jinghpaw amyusha ni manu mana jamjau hkrum mat wa sai. Rai yang, dai tsaban 21 Panglong zuphpawng kaw sa lawm ai mung, teng ai masa rai kun? bai myit yu ra na zawn she rai sai. Tinang aq amyusha ni hpe wa kasat zingri na matu, hpyen wa hpe anhte sa saw shaga ai zawn sha, tai nga ai. Shanhte aq zuphpawng kaw sa lawm ai marang e, Myen ni galaw ai jaw ai, anhte mahtang shut ai, ngu ai hku mung tai wa nna, Myen wa gaw grai gabu ai hte anhte bawsang ni hpe bai kasat nga ai re. Dai majaw, anhte masa (policy) ni, jaw nga ai kun? ngu ai hpe dinglik yu ra sai. N jaw ai masa hpe galai nna bungli galaw sa wa ra sai kun?, ngu ai hpe, anhte jawm myit yu ra sai.

Ca r t o o nnum ni hpe roirip sai, nkau mi hpe dai hku roirip ai hpang, sat kabai kau kau rai sai. Ya bai, 2012 ning hpang kaw na Jinghpaw Wunpawng Shadip Magam KIO hku nna bawsang hpyenhpung ni hpe woi awn nna simsa lam bawngban

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Myen hte Miwa a kanawn mazum lam hpe yu

dat ai shaloi, nta na ma ni hte htingbu ma ni hpe myit dum wa ai. Ma ni a satlawat hte Myen yan Miwa a kanawn ai satlawat grai bung ai hpe mu lu ai. Anhte na ma ni hte htingbu nta na ma ni grai tsawra hkat let, pyaw chyai ma ai. Raitim jahkring mi rai jang, galawq bang wa ma ai. Galoi mung, n shaga hkat na zawn rai mat wa ma ai. Lama ma hpe ra sharawng ai lam nga jang, bai shaga hkat ma ai. Sinna maga de kawk hpai hkawm ai Myen hpe Miwa wa mu jang, shi a myit hta n tsen ai myit hte mada mayu wa ai. Sinna de na ni n-gup hte galaw ram wa mi shapyaw tim, kalangta ta-tut kadai wa mi lawan ladan shaw jaw na n re hpe Miwa wa gaw, chye nga ai. Myen mung hpe Miwa wa gaw, shi a lata na gara hku mung n kam tat kau nga ai. Ahkrawk lagu shaw la hpa nhprang sutrai grai naw magawn la ra nga ai hta n-ga, Idia Kala hte lapran kaw supnep, shatai nna hpaga naw ga la ra nga ai. Dai majaw Miwa gaw, grau nna prinem si-mani ai ladat hte amyu myu rai shanem shang wa nga ai. Shi a myit hta Myen hpe gaw, gara hku maw sha tim lu ai. Shi yak-hkak jamjau nga ai ten lam amyu myu hte garum lai wa sai. Mungkan Wunpawng Hpung Shimlam Rapdaw zuphpawng kaba kaw du hkra, lai wa ten hta garum lai wa sai chyeju shi malap na n re ngu ai Miwa wa dum ai. Dai hpe sanen shatai nna, Miwa wa gaw, Jinghpaw mung hte Myen ginra hpe shi a sunwang langai mi zawn, dumladum e kam-mara shaw shalau sha taw nga ai.

Myen shadip magam ningnan gaw, shadip magam lung ai hte Rusha (Russia) mung de lawan ladan kagat sa wa sai. Hpa majaw dai de sa ai kadun dik tsun ga nga yang, Miwa hpe hkrit ai majaw re. Daini na ten hta Rusha hta lai nna, Miwa wa kadai hpe n hkrit sai. Miwa gaw makau mayang htingbu mungdan sha n rai, mungkan mungdan shagu a lam hpe chye lu hkra galoi mung, hkaja nga ai wa re. Miwa ni gaw anhte Myen mung a lam hpe azin ayang chye ai. Anhte Jinghpaw ni hpe

gaw shanhte hte amyu langai sha re. Majan sum nna, bum machyu mat wa ai majaw, Bum masha ni ngu kau ai she re nga ma ai. Jinghpaw hte Miwa gaw, annau ni majing re. Miwa nga ai shara mung Jinghpaw ga, Jinghpaw nga ai shara mung Miwa ga sha rai nga ai nga nna, roi shagroi nga tsun wa ma ai.

Miwa lam hpe mung anhte gaw hkaja da ra nga ai re. Miwa ni gaw shanhte amyu hpe CHYUNGGAWRIN (ZHUNGGO RIN) nga nna, Miwa mung hpe gaw, CHYUNGGAW (ZHUNGGO) nga ma ai. “CHYUNG (ZUNG)” a lachyum gaw, KA-ANG SHINGRA ngu ai rai nna “GAW” a lachyum gaw, “MUNGDAN” ngu ai rai malu ai. Dai majaw, “CHYUNGGAW” a lachyum gaw, KA-ANG SHINGRA GA/ KA-ANG SHINGRA MUNGDAN rai nna, “CHYUNGGAW RIN” ngu ai gaw, KA-ANG SHINGRA SHA NI/ KA-ANG SHINGRA AMYU NI ngu ai lachyum re nga ma ai. Miwa mung ngu ai gaw, mungkan a ka-ang hta grin ningngai nga ai mungdan rai nna, shinggyim masha yawng a myitmang sumru hpaji, machye machyang shingni hte shinggyim laisat laisa ni hte kunghpan hpaji a ningpawt hpang ai shara, mungkan ntsa nga pra nga ai shinggyim masha yawng gaw, ndai shara kaw nna nga pra chyambra wa ai ni hkrai re ai ngu nna hkamla sharin shaga ma ai. Dai majaw, Miwa amyusha ni gaw, SHINGGYIM MUNGKAN hpe shangai shaprat dat ai amyu langai hku nna arawng la ma ai. Moi kaw nna daini du hkra, shanhte a shingni laisat laisa, shinggyim kunghpan ngapra lam hta n shanglawm ai ni hpe MASHA SHAZAI nga ma ai. Lachyum gaw, shanhte n lu up sha lu ai amyu ngu mayu ai lam sha rai nga ai. Shi ngu mayu ai gaw, sinpraw Asha dingda de nga ai Buyetnam, Lau (Laos) hte Myen mung hpe sha-ang tsun ai rai nga ai. Ndai mungdan ni gaw, mung masa, sut masa lam hta Miwa a shingwang npu kaw du taw nga ai mungdan hku nna masat da nga ai. Miwa a kashu kasha hku sha, shanhte sawn da nga ai re. Laiwa sai

(2007-2010) laman hta, Ningka sara Sau Ka-Mai hte rau, Mungdan masum ka lang na Jinghpaw laika lajang na matu, Duwa Manam Tawng hte Sutdu Yup Zau Hkawng woi awn nna hpaw ninghtan da ai Komiti hta shanglawm let, Mangshi mare kaba kaw wa nga lu ga ai. Miwa mung na Jinghpaw ni, Miwa ni hte angwi apyaw hkrum shaga chyai lu ai majaw, grai pyaw dum sai. Hpaji mung grai jat la lu ai. Nam-up jahta chyai ai shaloi, Miwa la langai gaw, ndai zawn tsun wa ai “Nanhte Jinghpaw ni hpe Miwa mung na Jinghpaw ni nga ai lamuga, Kala (Idia) mung na Jinghpaw ni nga ai lamuga hte Myen mung na Jinghpaw mungdan hpe pawng gumhpawn nna, Hongkong madang hte bung ai ahkawahkang lu ai Miwa shadip magam yu lanu lahku ai madu uphkang mungdan masat ya yang, n ra sharawng na kun i? nga tsun wa ai. Ndai gaw, Miwa ni anhte hpe grai yurup ai lam re ngu myit la kau ni ai. Myityu hpa lam mung rai nga ai. Miwa gaw, shi a makau grup-yin na mungdan kaji ni hpe shi a npu na masha zawn sha, myit da nga ai.

Grau nna, Biyetnam (Vietnam), Lau (Laos) hte Myen (Burma) mungdan ni hpe gaw, Mung masa, Sut masa, Shinggyim laisat laisa hta sha n-ga, Hpyen masa lam hta du hkra shi a shingwang lawun rawng nga ai mungdan hku masat da nga ai re. Shi a kashu kasha mungdan hku sawn la nga ai. Miwa a sut masa lam hta ra ahkyak ai myihprap wan n-gun hte wan shat jaksau amyu myu, nhprang sutrai amyu myu mailu la ai mungdan ni hpe gaw, shi a jinghku mungdan kaba, Hpunau majing mungdan rai ga ai nga nna, tsun shapyaw masat kanawn nga ma ai. Daini na aten hta Miwa gaw, Myen mungdan (Democracy) masa de galai wa nhtawm, sinna mungdan ni hte matut mahkai lahkam htawt sa wa ai hpe n tsen let, myi n gyeng de yu taw nga ai. Shi a kraw masin salum kaw na garawt shaw sha mat wa ai hpe gaw, n mu masu su nna yu shalai kau na n rai nga ai hpe yawng chye chyalu rai nga ai. Raitim, “Na Hpang Wa A Chying Dum” ladat gaw, shanhte lang na n re. “Lapawp a mati sha, bum shingdu kawn gap ai ningdan pala” zailadat hte shachyen na sha rai ma ai. Myen mung hpe Miwa ni gaw, byin nga masa hta hkan nna grai simani prinem ai ladat hte htingrat htingrai, kanawn sa na mara ai. Dai hpe Myen mung nga amyusha ni dum ra sai.

JOISI GALAI KAU NA TSANG RA AI

Bum Shanghkawng

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Miwa gaw, Ashadan hta lusu ngamai dik rai nna, (Sawk Shalat Kasi Hpaji) Kasi Hpaji (နညးပညာ) kunghpan rawtjat dik rai nga ai. Japan hpe mung, shinggyim laisat laisa hku tsun ga nga yang, Miwa hpe galoi mung hkungga ra ai amyu ni she re ngu masat da nga ma ai. Japan wa mung Miwa hpa mi tsun tsun, Nanchyin (Nankyin) gasat poi hta Miwa marai sen masum jan hpe gap sharu kau sai amyu ni rai nga ai. Dai hpe gaw, Miwa mung malap n lu nga ai. Dai sha n rai, Japan gaw 2013 ning kaw nna makawp maga dap rapdawq jai jahpan a matu US Dollar 232.4 Billion jailang na myithkrum da sai. Dai gumhpraw hte Kaichyan nbungli, Hka hkinggau mayan gasat lang na sanghpaw hte hpyenla htawsa nbungli ni hpe mari shajin da nga sai. Dai sha n rai; Japan gaw, India, sinpraw dingda Asha ni hte pawng nna, Miwa hpe shingdaw na yawshada nga ai. India gaw, 1962 ning na lamuga htingrep majan hta Miwa hpe asum jaw kau ai hpe daini du hkra, yup n pyaw ai Kala rai nga ai. Raitim, India ni 1991 ning kaw nna, mungkan hta sut masa rawtjat kunghpan ai mungdan langai tai wa sai. Sinpraw dingda Asha mungdan ni hte Miwa a lapran byin nga ai Dingda Miwa panglai kaw na zunlawng ni hte seng ai manghkang hta sha n-ga, mungkan hta arawng gumhkawng wa ai hte rau, Amerikan hpe shingjawng let, shingtawt kau lu hkra shakut nga ai hpe gaw, India wa mung, sharawng ai lam n nga nga ai. Dai majaw, Japan, India hte Amerikan ni pawng gumhpawn ai n-gun hte Ashadan kata hta shingnen ka-up sa wa nga ai Miwa a n-gun hpe lu shingdaw lu na lam gaw nga na re ngu mu mada ai. Dai sha n rai yang, prat ningnan na mung maden laisa hpe anhte Myen mung nga amyusha ni hkap shingdang lu na matu gaw, n loi nga ai law.

Myen mung hte Miwa mung a lai mat wa sai ten na mabyin hte daini na mabyin ni hpe yu nhtawm, du na ra ai ten na mabyin hpe sawn sumru chyai mai nga ai. Myen shaning 803 ning grup-yin ten hta Pyu Hkawhkam Thu Nanda (ပမငးသားသနႏၵ) hte Miwa hkawhkam kanawn mazum lai wa ai labau ni nga ai. PYU htunghking hpung ni Miwa hkawhkam hkaw hta shangwi shapyaw ka-manawt lai wa sai lam chye lu ai. Pagan prat Na RA Thiha Pate hkawhkam wa a lakhtak Miwa Datkasa ni hpe Pagan kaw sat kau ya ai majaw, majan kaba byin nna

Pagan hkawhkam prat htum mat sai. Inwa prat hta Miwa hte Myen magwi hte galun hkat yang Miwa sum mat ai. Miwa (MING Hkawhkam) prat hta MING hkawhkam Yungli hpe Manchuria ni rim sat up sha mat wa ai kaw nna, Miwa hte Myen gasat hkat lam hkring sai. Myen mung shanglawt lu ai hpang, 1949 ning hta Mautsi Tung ningbaw ai Miwa shadip magam lung sai. Dai shadip magam hpe yawng a shawng e madi shadaw masat la ai gaw, mungkan hta Myen mung a hkringmang daju U Nu rai nga ai. Dai ten kaw nna, Miwa hte Myen gaw, Hpunau kumbang jung ai kahpu kanau zawn, shada mahku mara hkuhkau lam kaba (swe myu pawkhpaw chitkyiye) hte kanawn sa wa sai. Deng 1400, galu ai, Miwa mung hte Jinghpaw mung, Myen mung lamuga jarit hpe mung masat masa myit hkrum gashaka munggyit Gagyit laika ta-masat mahkret da lu sai. 1962 ning, Jaubu Ne Win a prat kaw nna, Miwa hte hpaishai wa sai. Myen mung kummyunit pati hpe Miwa ni n-gun jaw ai sha n-ga, shanhte nan shanglawm nna, Myen mung shadip magam a Jadip Jahpang ahkawahkang hpe hkra machyi wa na lam ni galaw lai wa sai. 1988 ning a hpang daw de Myen nung amyusha ni Democracy masa maga de shanang sa wa ai ten hta gaw, moi U Nu prat na zawn “Swe myu paukhpaw” lai hpe bai shagreng nhtawm, amyat tam tsawra kanawn mazum wa sai. Mungkan Wunpawng Hpung, zuphpawng hta Myen mung shadip magam a Shinggyim Ahkawahkang tawtlai ai lam ahkyak la ahpyak sa wa na lam hta Wedu atsam (Veto Power) hte Madi shadaw garum ai lam galaw lai wa sai. YUBYI shadip magam prat hta Gumsan magam Theing Sein wa e Mali Hka madim galaw masing pat kau ya ai majaw, Kukang – Hpung Kya Shin hpe gwi jut nna, Theing Sein wa a bawnu jahkraw ya ai lam ni galaw wa ai. NLD ni shadip magam bai lung wa sai. N ra n ra sha mi, bai nga wa sai. “Mazup Madim A Majaw Sha Gaw, Anhte A Tsawra Hkuhkau Lam (ေဆြမးေပါကေဖၚခစၾကညေရး) Hpe Htenza Hkra, Shangun Na N Re” bai nga wa sai.

Lahta de na zawn, madu mahkrawn akyik akawk, maru marang, n shu n shang ngu ka bang jahta ai lam gaw, kaga n rai nga ai. Daini anhte dumchye ra ai lamuga mung masa (Kinding mungmasa) a lam

sha rai nga ai. Shinggyim laisat laisa hta nta htingbu lata na ahkawahkang gaw n lawm sam sai. Daini na ten hta anhte Myen mung gaw, magwi lahkawng alapran nga taw ai hte bung nga ai. Sinpraw maga de masha jahpan 1.4 billion daram nga nna, sut masa hta Amerikan hte gintan taw nga ai Kummyunit Miwa mung, Sina maga mung mungkan hta masha jahpan masat lahkawng law dik rai nna, Amerikan hte jinghku rai nga ai, Democracy India mungdan nga nga ai. India hte Miwa mung, daini du hkra, wan hkut hte myi hpa rai nga ma ai. Bai nna, India hte Japan n-gun gumhpawn la nna, Miwa a lagaw hpe gang ahkyit mayu nga ma ai. Miwa mung, India nammukdara hte Pasihpik nammukdara hpe madu mayu ai myit gaw, n sim nga wu ai. Miwa mung kaw nna Myen mung Kyawkhpyu daru de hkrang ai Wanleng lam hte Modaw lam hpaw lu jang gaw, India nammukdara hpe gaw, chyalu rai sai ngu sawn nga ia. Ndai zawn re ai kinding mung masa (ပထဝႏငငေရး) hpe yu nna, Myen mung e shanu nga ai mungchying Rudi amyusha ni yawng gaw, mungkan a mung masa, sinpraw Ashadan a mung masa, Amerikan hte Rasga (Rusha) sat lawat ni hpe maram masam hkaja let, myitmang shabawn ra sai. Dai n rai yang, madu jan madu wa galawq masu nna, joisi kabai galai kau nna, gatrai shen dut jaw ai, nga ai ga-malai hpa byin na tsang ra na ga ai. Bugyuk Awng San hte Galung U Saw, U Nu hte U Shan Htun ni galawq masu nna, joisi galai kau ai majaw, Panglung Gasadi mungmakyit Gagyit laika namnak n hpring mat ai majaw, daini du hkra ran la yak mat ai. Mausi Tung yan Chu-Enlai hte U Nu shadip magam, Miwa hte Myen mung jarit reng masat na jahkrum wa ai shaloi, U Nu hte Jaubu Ne Win wa n hkrum masu su nna, Kachin State kata na Hpimaw, Gawlang hte Kanghpang (Kang-fung) ginra masum, Miwa hpe ေဆြမးေပါကေဖၚ kumhpa jaw kau ya ai majaw, dai ten Jinghpaw mungdaw Ningbaw rai nga ai Duwa Zanhta Sin gaw, Kaning nan n chye di, masin gaw n si re ai majaw, “ဒမကေရစေျပာငးျပန” ngu ai laika ka shapraw ai sha n-ga, ndai ginra ni hta laknak hte bai gasat la na nga tsun lai wa sai nga ma ai law.

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MANU DAN AI GA HKAW NI

Hkawp HpungwaHpan (1)

Marai langai hpe tsun ai ga hkaw

Marai (2) hte de a lahta law ai hpe tsun ai ga hkaw

sa rit Sa maritSa su, Sanu, Sa rit Sa masu, sa saga lawGalaw u, galaw ai Galaw mu, galaw ma aiWa rit Wa maritWa su Wa masuHpyi nem nngai Hpyi nem ga ai lawSa sai Sa masai, sa saga aiRai li ai Rai mali aiMyit malai ai Myit malai muSa nu ga Sa mu gaSa nit ni? Sa manit ni?Rai nga nngai Rai nga ga ai lawSa magang u Sa magang mu

Lahta de madun ai ga shadawn lawnglam ni hpe chye mai nga ai. Masha marai langai hpe sha tsun ai ga kun, law law hpe tsun ai ga kun ngu ginhka masat ai ga hkaw ni re. Lawu de tang madun ai ga hkaw ni hpe mung jawm hkaja yu ga.

Hpan (2)

No. Jaw ai ga manawng Shut ai ga manawng

1. Hti la lu sai mungga (snr) na la lu sai mungga Hti mat wa sai mungga

2.Luka A Laika (snr) Luka 9:61 (Luka A Kabu Gara Shiga)

Luka Laika 9:61

3. Tut nawng dinggrin anga nga u ga

Galoi mung anga nga u ga

4. Htaw! Sumsing mungdan de...

Le! Sumsing mungdan de...

5. Hpungtau (Hpt.) Magam tau

6. Wunpawng Hkristan lup-ding lupwa

Wunpawng Hkristan lupding lupra

7. Kabu gara hkap tau la ga ai Hkap tau la ga ai

8. Hkristan hta asak hkrung na

Hkristan a matu asak hkrung na

9. 2016 ning hpe lawt kawt la lu ai

2016 ning hpe lawt lai lu ai

10.Kashu kasha ngu ai gaw kasha la kasha maga na matu mara hpe tsun ai

Da-ma kashu kahkri ngu ai

11. Dawdap dung salang ni Gawk dung salang ni12. Num san Ja Nsin ja

13. Ra mara a matut akyu hpyi (na)

Ginlawm akyu hpyi (na) hkumtsup akyu hpyi

14. Di hkawan kashin Kashin kamun

Lachyum shaleng: :-- No. (3) Ma lahkawng ga law yang “Anhte nta de

galoi mung hkum sa” ngu tsun ai. Dai majaw shut ai. Tut nawng dinggrin anga nga u ga nga nna tsun na ra sharawng ai.

- No. (5) Hpungtau ngu ai ga hkaw nga nga ninglen magam tau ngu ai majaw shut ai re. (Hpungtau aya dang ai shani magam tau n ngu ai.)

- No. (6) Lupwa ngu ai gaw shangwang (area) kaba ai. Lupra ngu ai gaw marai langai a matu san tawn da ai shara re. Yupra, nga shara hkringdat ngu ma ai law.

- No. (11) Moi prat de gawk dung ngu ai gaw, hpaw-mi langai lahkawng lawm nna, tsa pyi, tsa shup ai gawk hpe tsun ai. Dawdap dung salang ni hparan ya na (snr) mayu dawdap (mayu dun), kahpu kanau dawdap, shayi dawdap (shayi dun) kaw nna matsun na re nga masai rai nga ai.

- No. (12) Mayu kasha shayi sha hpe mahtan ai shani gun sa ai hpuja hpe tsun ai. Dai ni gaw; numsan bau, yu sa ja, nhka kinyang, yu nga mayawn, magun shat lit (2), mahtan na liklai gadi ni re. Nsin ja ngu n tsun ai. Num san ja nga ma ai law. (Hka sharap wa ka ai Num wawn Num la laika buk kaw yu)

- No. (13) Ra mara akyu hpyi ngu ai ga hkaw ni hpe, ginlawm akyu hpyi ngu galai nna tsun ai gaw shut ai. Arung arai ni ayai aya re ai hpe kahkyin mah-kawng shinggyin ai hpe tsun ai. Arung arai ni hpe atsawm ginlawm u ngu ai rai. Masha hpe gaw; lanu lahku u, lakawn u, zinlum u ngu ai rai.

- Hkum tsup akyu hpyi ngu yang, anhte gaw kadai raitim n hkum n tsup ai ni re. Dai majaw, n jaw ai shut ai. Jiwoi Jiwa ni gaw, “Ra mara a matu akyu hpyi na nga masai rai. Makam masham, Kachin Concept, Kachin Idety ni hpe shamat ai tat kau ai ga ngau ga hkaw ni n tsun na matu sadi maja ga law.

- No. (14) Chyoipra ai chyumlaika hta, kashin kamun hkam ai ngu tsun ai gaw, hkalup hkam ai hpe tsun ai. Dai majaw, Di hkawan kashin (snr) jasan jaseng ngu mai nga ai rai.

Irrawaddi, and the Brahmaputra] - and these streams have proved to be arterial routes for migrating peoples, and later barriers between them... “Not only is the extraordinary and striking fact of four of Asia’s mightiest rivers cutting through the backbone of Asia almost side by side of interest. The fact that at this point are some of the highest, most impenetrable mountains of eternal snow which also give rise to many more smaller rivers, is also significant. Are there hidden here long-forgotten trails which were the migration routes of descending Tibeto-Burman tribes?

Many if not most of the tribal traditions of racial origins and migration routes of the Tibeto- Burman groups now in Burma point to a northern nidus. Because of the vagueness of the traditional records, and the fact that the ethnography of north Burma is so little known, there has been many an educated guess that somewhere in northernmost Burma, or northern Kachin State, lies the cradle of the race. Some in lower Burma consider the Confluence above Myitkyina, where the mighty Nmai and the quiet Mali seem to spring out of the base of mountains that rise up straight to the sky, as the edge of the unknown,

Laikaman (24) matut

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the one definite point where it might be said history began for them. The Kachins of the south, referring hazily to the Hkahku (Upstream) areas as their traditional migration routes, assume that somewhere among the snow mountains that ring north Burma are the legendary Majoi Shingra Bum, ‘Naturally-FIat-Mountains’, peaks and plateaux from which sprang all the true-blue Tibeto-Burman peoples, and especially the Kachins. Others, though going farther afield, still point to migration routes which they assume descended down onto the Burmese plains from Tibet, right through these mountains. A close look at the geographical features will indicate the improbability of a direct route, and point to other probabilities. First we wish to call attention to the tremendous, practically impassable, protective ice-cap which crowns north Burma and hides its fertile lowlands from the migrations which were probing and seeking pathways to the south. Such probes would tend to follow valleys down-stream. It is interesting to note that any east or east and southward movement from off the Tibetan plateau would tend to completely miss north Burma. The watersheds are such that, more to the west, any southerly moving migrations would invariably end up in one of the tributary valleys of the Brahmaputra leading into Assam. The Zayul valley, just north of Burma’s protective snow range, also cuts clear across to the west and into Assam, with only one likely, but extremely difficult pass leading into a very uninviting valley on the Burma side. To the east, the next possible down-stream route is the Salween valley. For any group to cross over the 14,000-2.0,000 ft. high snow ranges and discover one of the Burma side headwater streams, they would have had to either travel east up the Zayul valley or west from the Salween valley, Traveling eastward up to the source of the Zayul one crosses a pass into the Salween valley. going to the left or north of the great Rirap Peak. A mistaken turn to the right might possibly

lead one down into the valley of the T’rung River, and the Burma lowlands. Granted that it would be possible for an exploring party, at great sacrifice and loss, to cut through this formidable barrier, we do not think that these passes would, or in fact have, provided any of the migration routes for the great masses of people who migrated down. The writer has had personal experience of the risk involved. In July 1944, with a group of over 50 Lisu, Lutze and T’rung porters, crossing over one of the easier passes between the T’rung and Salween Rivers above 2.8° latitude, we were caught in a sudden blizzard which was so fierce and dumped so much fresh snow over the old snow that we were pinned down where we were, at 14,000 feet, for a week, and on starvation rations for 3 days. The year before a Chinese survey party on the same pass, in August lost 7 dead due to a similar snow-storm. Thus it seems much more plausible to assume that migration routes circled the Great Snow Mountains either to the west, where it may be assumed the Kuki-Chin, the Naga and the Mishmi groups descended, or to the east, down the deep but much more easily traveled river trenches of the Salween, Mekong, Yangtze or Yalung rivers. This seems much the more likely route for such groups as the Jinghpaw, the Maru and Lashi, the Atsi, Lahu and Lisu. As we shall see, the traditional history of the Rawangs also points to entry into Burma from the great river valleys to the east.

THE LAST MIGRANT GROUP

Though many ethnic groups have doubtless made use of these great migration corridors, it is possible now to trace only the most recent,-who seem to be the various branches of the Rawang tribe. These, representing the last of the Tibeto-Burmans, must have moved out from eastern Tibet under pressure from the many Tibetan tribes who were advancing eastward, and who later came into conflict with the Chinese. Beginning in the dim, distant past, this migration down to the lowlands has continued down to recent years. Moving down off the high plateau lands in several valleys and many waves, speaking dialects closely allied to Tibetan, these quiet, gentle people were not trying to displace any other group, but merely wanting peace and privacy, to develop and multiply. Seeking always for virgin lands, their history seems to indicate that they found parts of the Salween and Mekong river valleys empty. Perhaps the Yangtze was occupied, for although their traditions mention it (as the White River), they did

9


not occupy or travel down it. Settling in the other valleys, exploring around and gradually spilling over into the T’rung or Taron and other valleys to the west, many centuries must have passed in which they lived and thrived in the Mekong and Salween valleys, and gave

CHART OF RǍWANG NAMES

CULTURAL NAME

AREAL NAME LINGUISTIC NAME

Gănǿng Rămùn/Rămǿ1 Ǎchán Măbøq Awăl Dăkǿm

Dărù Măyøt YòngngáyRâzá Tăláng Bìshit

Jêrwàng/Zerwang/Zêwàng Jàgón Sălùngr vmLawàng DăzǿTălá Gûshe‵n

Lutze/Nung/Khyiutze Chàngkǿ Dămalô/TamaloMelam Dăblù ChăngkǿTrung/T'rung Tăluq

Nung/Nu Kupăng/Kwînpàng Kwinsăng GwàzàMiko Cholo

Tangsarr/T'agc'ay Chănggòng Cítaq Mărăg DòngTìmì Palap/PânglapNângsèng- Jìgong Zàngyoq

Lángtaqgòng Siko TangwangkyiYanam Kizi

Lòngmì Krangkú Làngwàng RăzàBòngshàng Kămlǿm

Păngrìn Călokwâr MăshangDăngraq Dìdóng/Zìdúng

Răwang Măttăng Bìhá/ZăláMătwàng Pedám RáwangNgăyâ-Chûngdám WaqdámkôngBànggûtaq

Răshǿm Gúdvng-Shàrwàng PongzíCàngbong-Zàngyô AkaltôngDăham-Dǿngkông RăkwìZǿnzângrǿng Dălàm- YashaqPălá-Răpmá

Dvhám-Waqkwê Waqkwê MăgàltaqGòngrǿ ZărtaqSarep

their names to the streams and flats, ridges and peaks. Finally being pushed out, first from the Mekong and then from the Salween valleys by the westward migration of other ethnic groups such as the Nashi and Lisu, they moved down en masse into the lower-lying Burma hill- country, which their own pioneers had explored and laid claim to, giving their names to each valley, by right of exploration. The Salween had been called the ănùng rămè, which may indicate that their tribal name at that time was ănùng. The Nmai being the central river of their newly claimed country, was named rome tì or rămètì, ‘Great Central River’. From several central points in this valley, măkǿm dăm, ‘Assembly-Flat’ to the north and ròwăl dăm, ‘Central-Flat’ at the Achyang valley junction, they devided the land and spread out. Throughout the hundreds of little valleys they then developed their individual, home-grown varieties of Rawang dialects. The total number of dialects of Rawang spoken today is still unknown; a partial count has yielded a figure of over 62 (see dialect list). A rough idea of just how different these can be is seen in this partial list of words, all meaning ‘corn’:

Mătwang: ngaqlóng Sărep: dăchá jêrwàng: tàmbông (cp. Kamba: dàmbü) Waqdămkong: hâmØq Kízi: lăchá Rvshǿm: lăgông (cp. Triangle Jinghpaw:nükawng)Kwînsăng : hàmuq Pângrìng: lăngû T’rung: măbôAgu: puqgí MăyØt: lăngú Waqkwe: shămûng, sămûRvza: wagrí Măsháng: shăngu Dăngraq: ămboq

In former times, with no sense of unity, most often there would not be an overall indigenous term designating all branches of a tribe. Names given by other groups in reference to a tribe were also by no means accurate, but might designate only a small portion of a tribe (as the name “Nung” for those groups of the Rawangs resident in the Salween valley), or they might include

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many different tribes of similar culture who live in a certain locality (as the name “Kachin” for all indigenous groups in Kachin State). Today, for cultural and political reasons, all the scattered branches of the Rawang ethnic group, formerly known by many different names, call themselves Rawang. An indigenous literature using the Roman script is established, using a “central” dialect which will tend more and more to mask former differences and unify the dialects. Thus it may be useful to try to straighten out, in order to put on record, a list of all the branches of the Rawang, short of listing all the clan names.Approximately 5 main branches of the Rawang may be distinguished, by general names which tend to differentiate the variations of culture and social structure: Ganung, Nung, Tang- sarr, Rawang and Longmi. These variations, which at one time were distinctive, are today becoming less and less evident as they now intermingle freely. Another set of names, subordinate to the above cultural names, seem to be differentia for general location or area. Naturally there would tend to be the most divergence in this set, and these names, used to describe an ethnic group, are not at all reliable. Subordinate to this and the cultural name, finally, would be the dialect names, which are sometimes no more than a clan name, or a combination of clan names, or a lesser locality name,-in any case describing the locale or clans speaking a particular dialect. Due to the isolating characteristics of the difficult terrain and dangerous jungle, the Rawang people as a whole have escaped the domination and absorption and change which have affected so many other groups. A few easily defined clans have had intercourse with other tribes, and been affected accordingly, but this has not spread or affected the main body. To the south in the Nmai valley, the southern fringes have been influenced by the Maru-Lashi cultures, and are called Naingvaw. To the east the clans which were left behind and were over-run by Lisu and Nosu migrations in the Salween valley are now called Nung or K winsang. Those who were drawn into the Tibetan culture up north (called ngia, ‘imbecile’, by the Tibetans), call themselves Melam. To the west those who entered the Mishmi orbit, the Bishit, Talang, Aber and other clans, have disappeared, as have the extinct Bangsarr, Longgwing, Ntit and Nokmung tribes who lived and worked with the Khampti Shans of Putao, although some of their descendants are still traceable. Despite this, the overall isolation has preserved till modern times the traditions, history and culture of ancient times.

ORAL TRADITION AND MIGRATION ROUTES

The unity of these many tribes, with all their diverse dialects and names, is seen in their traditional histories and legends. It has been supposed that groups without written histories and accounts would not have reliable or accurate records. This may be very true. As Logan stated”,4

“Perpetual aggressions and frequent conquests, extirpations of villages and migrations, mark the modern history of nearly all these Tibeto-Burman tribes, and of the different clans of the same tribe.. We find the same tribe separating into clans and villages permanently at war with each other, Kuki fleeing from Kuki, Singpho from Singpho, Abor from Abor. We can thus understand how, in such a country, the lapse of a few centuries would transform a colony... descending the Himalaya by a single pass, into a dozen scattered tribes, speaking as many dialects, and no longer recognizing their common descent.” And Leach”,5 pointing to the instability of traditional language groups, emphasizes that historical reconstructions should not be based on any assumption “that those who speak a particular language form a unique, definable group, and that this unit group of people has always had a particular culture and a particular history”. However, it is well also to recognize that oral literature may, in certain cases, be just as reliable as written, and even be better preserved down through the generations. This is so especially when the oral literature serves as a formal vehicle for transmitting tribal culture, and thus is cast in rigid forms, accompanied for various reasons by a set ritual, the whole being carefully and jealously guarded to ensure preservation. Fortunately this happens to be the case with Rawang oral literature. We have been able to study the culture of the Rawangs at a time when the attractions of material bounty and emphasis on modern knowledge and books has not advanced to the point of eroding their age-old concepts of the importance of their oral literature and traditional history. There are definite, distinct categories of oral literature, some of which contain extremely accurate records. In their religious chants especially are items which in all likelihood have not changed in hundreds of years. A feature of Rawang Animism is the belief that the souls of the dead must be led back through time and space to the supposed tribal nidus, the abode of the original patriarch transferred to the Spirit World from which all mankind originally came. The Rawang nats are tribal spirits who have followed the tribe down in their migrations, and should they for any reason afflict or torment their human protégés, they must be appeased by offerings and begged to return home to the tribal nidus in the Spirit World. Either of these situations involves ritualized chants by an expert, a member of the tribal shaman guild-chants which are detailed instructions of the path, all the way back along the route of the clan’s or tribe’s migration, back to the original patriarch and in certain cases back to the Creation. There are at least four distinctly recognized speech forms, and over seven subvarieties, of which kà dăhat, ‘ordinary speech’ is only one. Most folklore, tales and culture is handed down in this manner, as dăngmàn, ‘ancient legends’, and shăwànăng, ‘tradition,’ etc. Accounts will vary from speaker to speaker in this speech - form, which however is the most easily understood. Of the others, the măngròng, ‘ballad’, and the dămsbà kà, ‘shaman chants’, are those which concern this paper. There are various types of shaman chants, the main body and essentials of which are learned by rote, handed down from generation to generation, and which have set forms into which may be fitted the names and circumstances relevant to the situation at hand. Fortunately for the student of history, though it is not generally recognized, the main body of content of this parti - cular type of speech form, whether shaman chants or ballads, contains a more accurate chronology of tribal history and migration than the usual history and genealogy handed down in ordinary speech forms. Being set in rigid, unchangeable sequence, with adequate safeguards provided by the religious setting, later generations cannot change the facts to suit their

4 J. R. Logan, “The West Himalaian or Tibetan tribes of Assam, Burma, and Pegu,” Journ. of the Indian Archipelago, new series 2.68-114, (1858), p. 82.5 E. R. Leach, Ope cit., p. 48.

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own wishes. And since the recounting is in the nature of pointing out the way to the nats and departed spirits, it is of utmost importance to be exactly correct, otherwise disaster might result from “losing the way”. Thus we find that, although it may not throw too much light on an objective history, still there is available in the more stylized, traditional and religious speech-forms of at least some Animist cultures in north Burma, a record which would compare favorably with any written account which might have been possible. Archaic and poetic forms do cause difficulties, however, but usually most names are recognizable, even though sometimes they are strictly tribal and cannot be correlated with names recorded by historians of other cultures. Extracting from such accounts, which the writer has been attempting to record on tape, transcribe and translate bit by bit, and putting the material back in proper sequence, we find that Rawang history starts with stories and legends of creation, and an account of a flood from which there were only two survivors. The patriarchs of the Rawang, descending from the high mountain, săngbăn-kwinzu-sùng, ‘people-migrating-projection-peak’, settled on the tòngzǿng ădăm, ‘alkali-flats,’ then again on the shâzìng ădăm, ‘animal-multiplying-plain’, then on again to săngvìng ădăm, ‘people-multiplying-plain’, where rock dwellings were built. There seem to have been quite a few “centers” where they settled, expanded and multiplied until the congestion caused a large portion to emigrate again. One of these was the săngwàl ădăm, ‘race-dividing-plain’. It is from this point on that the Rawang branch seem to take on their separate identity within the great Tibeto-Burman migration. From there on the next stop was mòngkǿm wàyàng, ‘united-ingathering-plains’, where it would seem that many different tribes settled and lived together for a long time, in an expansive great plains area. From here the patriarchs of the Rawangs in their migrations got to ănăm ădăm, ‘sun- flats’, where it might be their animism or spirit worship got its first start. mătat toqò nǿ cìnggù ăzǿng lá:ngò nò, cìnggù bòy mănò bòy wà lù:ngà wâ6, ‘they became acquainted with the matat nat, and using male-cymbal-drums (vari-sized cymbals with drums), initiated the ceremony of cymbal dance festival’. This is sun-worship, a feature out of step with the rest of their Animism, but carried on as a memorial to their historical experience. The ceremony continues to this day, and involves planting four long tree-trunks with leafy tips, at the top of which a platform is made, on which an offering is made to the sun, rather than the matat nat, consisting of food and meat wrapped in leaves. In the accompanying religious ceremony, an extraordinary type of bull is sacrificed, nowadays a mitbun, as well as a hog, and a dance is rendered which interprets the tribal history. Not far from here, next in the list of main stops, occurs shòwá ădăm, ‘in-common flat’, where apparently all the kindred clans were still together, and a long, happy period ensued in good pasture land. This is where they began the musical dances in accompaniment to cymbals and drums, on flat grounds prepared before each house, the dancers copying the flight of the langki hawk, jănggòng nǿrà pèdăm nòrà taq làngki yôyô dătăm sbì lù:ngà wa. This was also where tǿn shăw àbóng, ‘second-son shawalong’, was left behind to occupy the place. It is interesting that to this day the Ts’awarungba of Menk’ung on the Salween are referred to by the Rawangs as Shawalong. In Tibetan, Ts’arong, ‘Hot Valley’, is a subprefecture under Ts’awarong, the whole district of southeast Tibet. From this point on there seem to be a few differences in the accounts of the different branches of the Rawang, as different groups split up and progressed along different trails and at different times. But there follows an account which tells of a salt source where the salt, drying naturally, is taken up as coarse sand, continuously, mà-băt tòngzǿm ‘unending-sweet-saltlick’, producing the Zĭpìp sbălaq ‘sand-coarse-salt’. It is noteworthy that of all the salt sources in our area, from those down on the lower Nmai to those in the Mekong River valley, only one source produces salt which fits this description: that ofYakalo or Ts’ak’alo, i.e. Yenching ( ) on the Mekong above Atuntze (防墩孑). Mention is made of three great rivers, tì măshè wàng ‘red-water river,’ tìnaq wàng ‘black-water- river’, and tìmùng wàng ‘white-water-river’. Two of these were crossed in the course of their migrations, but not the third. The main body of migration followed down the middle river. It would seem that the Whitewater River is the Yangtze, with its slate-colored water; the Red- water River is the constantly muddy Salween; and the one in between, called the Blackwater River, is the Mekong with its clear, deep dark colors. The group coming down the middle took that name for themselves, chanting in poetry, răwè wàngcè, răwè băngshò tìshûlcè, răwè tìmè tălăng shăpcè, răwè zaqkûng rûnce, răwè ădăm shănúcè, răwè wăng răwè lăngwàng răwang í sbàe, ‘We are the descendants of those who lived on the middle stream; the middle, uncluttered-stream followers; the middle big-river bridge-crossing ones; the middle-area settlers; the middle-plain-tamers, the center-balancing-ones, the Rawang tribe’. Then there are the mountain passes, but without reference to which direction they were crossed. Of these, the sèrchùng, lăngzâ, zăngngá passes, over the Mekong-Salween divide, can still be identified by villages in the valleys below the passes:sèrchúng Ts’i-chúng (茨中) (Tibetan);zăngngá == Dzà-ngá-Io (now Lisu);lăngzâ == Là-tsâ-lo (Chinese and Lisu).

Other passes crossing from the Salween west into Burma have changed their names very little, but the significance and exact location of the original passes have been lost: lóngrǿng nămwà, raqwàngdàm, gôchì, bònggă găp dvgò gvp ga:pmò nǿ lê sbì tvrà, the last being the main pass, on which nine steps were chiseled out in the face of the rock.Since Rawang place names were given according to the contour of the land, many place and mountain names may be identified, even though village sites have long since disappeared. Also many villages, built on the old sites apparently retain the old name. Thus we have, still recognizable, names such as these in the Mekong valley:

6 The phonetics used to transcribe Rawang in this paper require perhaps only the comment that is ă mid-central unrounded vowel, sometimes represented is a high, close, mid-unrounded vowel, c is equivalent to ts’; q is a glottal stop ‘: all the voiceless stops in syllable-initial position are also aspirated. Rawang has four tones:

high level; low level, and mid level, and an unmarked checked tone, as well as the atonal (ă). Length is (:) For further details see Robert Morse, “Phonology of Rawang,” Anthropological Linguistics, May, 1963, pp. 17-41.

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pôngdăm == P’o-dá, ‘raised flat’ shǿngtăng == Hsin-t’ang, ‘straight tree’ Ióngdâng == Lo-ta, ‘sheer rock’ gângpù == K’ang-p’u, ‘fan-delta’

In the Salween valley, almost all down the valley the present-day names can be traced to their original Rawang, although Chinese and Lisu have been in occupation for many generations.The following is a fair sample: Lisu Yúlágá is derived from Rawang Yóraqgàng, meaning ‘cloth-weaving-flat.’ ” Tádá ” ” ” ” Dângdvm, ” ‘flat -below-cliff ’ ” Tájú ” ” ” ” Dvngchuq, ” ‘dugout-slope’ ” Bùlàdî ” ” ” ” Bònglàngdvm ” ‘acacia-flat’ ” Lôgà ” ” ” ” Lónggàng, ” ‘sheer-cliff ’ ” Kôtá ” ” ” ” Kôngdvm ” ‘valley-head-flat’ ” Ch’úwà ” ” ” ” Chuqwàng ” ‘washout-valley’ ” Lódzéwà ” ” ” ” Lóngzéwàng ” ‘rock -overhang-stream’ ” Mòkôjà ” ” ” ” Mvgóng Jvng ” ‘ridge-town’

It should be noted that most of the shamans from whom these accounts were recorded were unaware of their real significance as identifiable place names. To them the names in the shaman chants were a part of the myth and legend which had to do with the spirit-world, and some shamans could not be persuaded that the trails they were describing were anything but traditional, nether-world names and unknown archaic words. Their significance first dawned on us, being well acquainted with all this area through our former travels, as we checked the recorded syllables for their meanings. Our discovery has been twofold: learning about the migration routes of the Rawang, and more important, learning that primitive history, accurate and un- tampered-with, could be gleaned from such a well-protected, well-hidden source as the chants of a certain type of oral literature.

HKRIT TSANG HPA, MASHA HPAGAManmaw HkawnMasha Hpaga lam (snr) Masha dut sha ai ngu ai lachyum

Masha hpaga ngu ai gaw, masha ni hpe mahkawng ai lam, htaw sa ai lam, ta galai la ai lam hte hkap la ai lam ni galaw nna, shabrai n jaw ai sha bungli galaw shangun ai lam rai nga ai. Ladat ni gaw, n-gun sunglang ai, atik anang roirip ai, shagyeng woi la ai, mara rim amu jun na daram rai masu hkalem ai, gyithkang da na ahkaw ahkang la ai, marai langai ngai a ntsa, gyit hkang da na ahkang lu ai wa hpe akyu amyat jaw ai, amyat htuk gambum dawm sha na yawshada let, galaw ai lai ladat yawng hpe ngu ai rai nga ai. (Mungkan Wunpawng Hpung kaw na lachyum shaleng ai.) Mungkan hta sut masa hpaga ladat lawlaw nga ai hta na, “Masha hpaga” gaw tara n shang ai, hkrit tsang ra dik ai, katsi majan amyu shamyit laknak kaba langai rai nga ai. Nanghpam ka-ni katsi majan hta mung, grau hkrit tsang ra nga ai. Ka-ni nanghpam malu masha ni gaw tinang nan sa lu sha, hta lu, hta sha yang she hkrit tsang ra ai lam rai nga ai. Masha hpaga galaw ai lam ni hpe yu ai shaloi, masha kaji kaba, num, la, gumgai, dingla yawng hta n myit mada ai sha byin wa chye nga ai, amyu shamyit katsi majan laknak kaba

rai nga ai. N myit mada ai, n chye lu ai, chye nga ninglen gatut sha, hkrum sha shajang nga ai. Mungh masa, sut masa, dinghku masa, hpaji masa hte kaga masa ni a majaw, masha shagu a n bung ai gawngkya lam ni hpe ahkaw ahkang la nna, masha hpaga galaw nga ma ai. Masha hpaga hta lawm mat ai masha ni a lam hpe bai yu yang, gumhpraw hta myit lawm hkra, lahta e sanglang da ai ladat hpan hkum hta na langai ngai hte lawm mat wa ai hkrai rai nga ai. Tatut kaw byin wa ai shaloi, “hkamsha yak dik, jamjau dik, kawsi hpanggaraq hkrum, myitru myitpu, myitdaw myithten, myit machyi ai lam ni hkrum sha nga ma ai. Hkrung nga ninglen tinang prat htum mat ai zawn, gara hku mung lawt lam tam n lu mat ai ni gaw grau law dik htum rai nga ai. Mungkan ting na wuhpung wuhpawng ni hte shadip magam ni yawng gaw masha hpaga ninghkap ai lamang hta tara shang tamasat mahkret, gasadi tawn da ai hte shanglawm ai lam nga ai. Raitim, laning hte laning masha hpaga manghkang gaw grau grau law jat dingyang rai nga ai. Kachin Ginjaw Amyu Shayi Hpung kaw nna, masha hpaga ningh-kap ai magam bungli hpe galaw mat wa ai rai yang, laning hte laning du

shang wa ai masha hpaga manghkang gaw num, la ramma kaji pang, ma kaji pang hte dinghku num ni hta byin hkrum hkra law nga ai. Masha hpaga manghkang byin matwa ai law law hta na kauchyen mi daram sha, Amyu shayi rapdaw de du shang wa nga ai. Law malawng gaw shiga hte kaga masa hku na chyela lu ai hta, lawt lam tam la n lu mat ai ni grai law nga ai. Dai zawn byin hkrum nga ai masha ni hta, Wunpawng amyusha ni mung grai lawm nga ga ai. Gara de mung matut mahkai garum hpyi na lam n chye tam ai, n gwi ai, kayaq ai, hkrit ai hte kaga masa ni a majaw, prat a jahtum de du mat ai ni grai law nga ai. Myit mada ai hte byin wa ai galoi n bung nga ai, gumhpraw lu na lam tsun ai hkrai raitim, tsun ai daram gumhpraw lu la ai gadai mung, n lawm shajang nga ai. Prat dep mayam tai ra mat shajang nga ma ai. Prat dep mayam ngu ai hta hkumhkrang, myitmasin, hkamja lam hte kaga masa lam ni yawng hta tsam, machyi, hkamsha shajang nga ma ai. Jak-rung, hkai sun, nta bungli, shawa-num, madu jan shatai ai, masu hkung-ran ai, mawhpyi hpyi shangun ai, dusat hpe zawn jawm roirip chyai na matu laksan jawm mari kau ai zawn re ai bungli ni hta jamjau tsin-yam tsindam hkrum sha nga ma ai. Amyu langai rawtjat galu kaba lawhtam wa lu na matu gaw, nli kaja rai nga ai num, la ramma kaji/kaba hte ma kaji ni gaw ahkyak dik rai nga ai. Wahpang langai ring tsawm wa na matu makru ahkyak ai zawn, amyu lan-gai ringchying wa na matu masha mak-

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2017 Volume III, No. V Established 2015. ru ahkyak nga ai. Makru azat azaw di yang wahpang myit mat wa lu ai zawn masha makru rai nga ai num, la ramma kaji/kaba hte ma ni hpe masha hpaga, masha kunrai shatai nga ai gaw, amyu shamyit masing lam kaba langai zawn wa byin nga ai. Dai majaw daini na ten hta kanu/wa ni, kashu/sha ni masha hkum shagu gaw masha hpaga kaw na lawt lu na matu, chyena hkawnhkrang ra ai. Makawp maga shanglawm ra ai. Ningmu jahpaw tsundan hkat ra nga saga ai. Yawng hkra shanglawm, tinang langai hpra lit la ra nga saga ai. Kachin amyusha ni a masha n-gun jahpan hpe yu yang majan a majaw, ka-ni nanghpam a majaw, masha hpaga a majaw yawm matwa ai jahpan ni lan-ing hte laning n loi la nga ai. Shangai jat wa ai hte yawm mat wa ai shingdaw yang, yawm matwa ai jahpan gaw myit tsang hpa rai nga ai. Ndai manghkang ni tatut hkrang shapraw nga ai masha ni a lam hpe bai yu yang, tinang sumbu hta hpyen rawng ai, tinang shan kata kaw na byet tai ai ngu ai gamalai zawn rai nga ai. Shada hkau chye ai manang shada, jinghku jing-yu nta masha shada da sha, dai bungli ni hpe galaw sha nga ma ai. Hpa majaw nga yang, dai masha wa a gawngkya ai lam hpe dai masha hte ni nawn ai ni chyu sha grau chye ai majaw, ladat shaw loi nga ai. Myen mungdan hta mungh masa, sut masa, shinggyim ngapra masa lam ni hta grai gritnem yakhkak dutdang ai majaw laning mi hta dutsha hkrum ai masha jahpan mun jan a lahta de rai nga ai. Kachin amyusha ni a jahpan hpe yu ai shaloi, hpyen yen kaw na masha ni hta byin shadang grai law nga ai. Hpyen yen tsin-yam a gawngkya ai hpe ahkaw ahkang la nna ndai mang-hkang byin nga ai. Kachin amyusha ni nga shanu nga ai mungdan gaw, Kachin amyusha ni hpe Karai Kasang jaw da ai, htawmhpang prat na kashu kasha ni a sali wunli lamuga hpe shap nga nga ai ni she rai nga ga ai. Kadai wa mung hpai mat wa lu na n rai, tawn kauda ya ra ai ni hkrai rai ga ai. Dai

majaw htawmhpang na kashu kasha ni a sali wunli lamuga hpe n shamat hkra, hkangzing madu tai ya ra nga ga ai. Masha n nga ai shara kaw kaga masha ni htawt sit shang madu wa ai gaw, ga lahtum n shut rai nga ai. Htawmhpang na kashu kasha ni bai pra sa wa lu na matu, lahpa galai ap da ya na lit lu ai ni rai ga ai. Htawmhpang na kashu kasha nli kaja, makru kaja rai nga ai ramma ni hte ma kaji ni hpe masha hpaga amyu shamyit katsi majan kaw na lawt lu hkra, makawp maga lit la na gaw ahkyak nga ai. Chyumlaika hta Karai Kasang gaw, nang, ngai hpe kangka sadi dung ai mayam wa ngu nna shakawn sha-grau da nga ai. Kanu/wa ni tinang lu da ai kashu kasha ni hpe lit la makawp maga shimlum lam jaw ai hta, kangka sadi dung ai mayam tai na ra sharawng nga ai. Daini na ten hta kanu/wa, kashu kasha, kahpu kanau jinghku jing-yu shadada tsawra makawp maga gahkyin gumdin zinlum ai lam hta grai gawngk-ya wa shajang nga ai zawn, byin wa nga ga ai. Kachin amyusha ni hta Masha Hpaga grau grau sawng wa ai lam gaw, amyusha shadada a ntsa hta masha manut maza tai ai masha, amyu-sha shada a shingma ntsa kaw mamting sha ai masha, manang wa a ladi hte nsa sa ai masha law wa ai lachyum rai nga ga ai. Myen mungmasa hta shanglawt lama lu dam tim, tinang amyusha sha-da a lapran shanglawt ajet lu na matu, grai naw myit yu shara ni byin shangun nga ga ai. Shanglawt ajet lu ai hte ngwipyaw simsa ai Wunpawng Hkanan gawgap lu na hpe myit mada ala dingda nga ai, Wunpawng sha ni hkumding dep shanglawm shakut shaja sa wa ra ai ni rai nga ga ai.

Shanglawm Tatut Hkrang Shapraw Sa Wa Ra Ai Lam Ni1. Masha hpaga pat hkum ai lamang hta mungshawa hkumdek shagu shan-

glawm na.2. Tinang uphkang magam kaw nna jarit mayan shimlam shagreng ai, tara upadi shakang ai, ahkyak la ai lam ni hta grau hkrak, grau madang tsaw hkra galaw na lam.3. Masha hpaga hte seng ai ningmu jahpaw ai lamang hta mungshawa hkumdek shagu shanglawm na.4. Kanu/wa ni Kashu/sha ni hpe Masha Hpaga a lam galoi mung, tsun shadum hpaji jaw nga na.5. Masha Hpaga laning hte laning grau yawm wa hkra jawm shakut sa wa na.6. Masu hkalem, jahkrit shama, sha-tin shapun, shadut jahkat nga nna, woi zinlum ai masha hte hkrum yang myit dum shadi maja na.7. Kaga Maigan mungdan de bungli sa galaw na rai yang, majoi hkrup mara hkan mat wa ai lam sadi na.8. Malu masha jaw lu jaw sha shagu majoi hkrup mara n mai sha ai. Malu masha kaw tsi bang jaw ai lam ni galaw chye nga ma ai.9. Yakhkak hkrum yang, hot line Phone No. “110,” “0519110,” “199,” zawn re ai balik dap na phone kaw matut mahkai lawtlam tam chye ra ai. 10. Tinang mare buga Salang ni a Phone No......, Maigan kyithkai rapdaw na Phone No.......... zawn re ni galoi mung, chye da ra nga ai.11. Amyu Shayi Hpung Ginjaw Komiti (KIWA) hte matut mahkai na. Masha hpaga kaw na lawt wa ai ni hpe tinang nta masha, buga masha, makau grup-yin ni hte bai jahkau ya na.

Lahta e tsun tawn da ai lawn-glam ni hpe tatut hkrang shapraw shanglawm ai hta kangka sadi dung ai shinggyim sakhkrung lam hte bawn-gring rawatjat galu kaba ai Wunpawng amyusha hkumshagu rai lu u ga. Shin-ggyim nau na myit hte tsawra matsan dum lanu lahku, makawp maga chye ai wunpawng amyusha ni hkrai rai u ga ngu, myit mada ai.

kahpu kanau ni rai ga ai. Moi kaw nna anhte shada gasat hkat ai lam n nga yu ga ai. Shanhte hpe sa gasat na malai, pawnghpawm la ai rai yang, anhte yawng a n-gun grau ja wa na re. Dai pawnghpawm ai n-gun hte taihpyen ni hpe gasat je lung wa nna May Myo du ai shaloi, Kayin hpunau ni gaw shanhte a mungdan hpe matut zing la mu ga. Anhte Kachin ni gaw Kachin mungdan lu hkra matut zing la ga, nga ai. Shi a hpang hkan ni yawng gaw, shi woi awn

ai atsam hpe tuphkrak kam let, tsep-kawp myit hkrum masai. Naw Seng gaw jeep hpe shi nan gau nna Kayin ga atsawm chye shaga ai shabrang langai hpe shadun, maga mi de Kayin dawnghkawn sharawt nna kaga maga de Kachin dawnhkawn sharawt nhtawm, Yetashe na Kayin rawtmalan hpyendap kata de gau shang wa nna, seng ang ai Kayin Du ni hte yawshada tawn ai masing lam bawng jahkrup myit hkrum la lu sai.

Laikaman (1) “N SHAKAWN AI N NGA LU” matut

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Shingrai, Kayin ni hte jahkrup ra ai lam jahkrup ngut ai hte myawk motar nsen ni majoi gap shangoi let, Kayin ni hpe lam kaw hkap shingdang gasat nga ai lam, Kayin ni sum machyi ai hte htingnut wa nga ai kaw hkan shachyut gasat nga ga ai lam, 1949 February 13 ya shani Kayin ni madu tawn ai Toun-goo hpe gasat zing la na matu hkyen la-jang nga ga ai lam, majan hpa-awn daju kaw na tank, mawdaw, myawk, motar ni hte gasat poi hta ra kadawn nga ai machyu pala ni hkum hkum tsup tsup htaw sa ya marit, nga nna ntsa de tang shana dat nu ai. Myen hpa-awn Ginjaw de na Du Kaba ni mung, Naw Seng a atsam hpe kam ai hte kabu shakawn let, Naw Seng lajin dat ai hte maren lawan ladan lajang ya dat masai. Laknak htaw sa ai Myen hpyenla driver ni hpe hkap rim majaw kau nna kaga driver ni hpe galai gau shangun sai. Shang lawm ai hpyen du ni:- *Naw Seng, *Hprang Gangdi, *Ndau Krang, *Zau Tu, *Nhkum Naw, *Dingra Hpung, *Sang Dawng Hkin, *Bawm Yaw, *Nchyaw Tang, *Lama Hkang, *Atang Tu ni re. Shawng nnan rawtmalan majan gasat hpang ai kaw Naw Seng woi awn ai hpyen hpung ni gaw: Dap ran B, C, D hte mawdaw dap yawng masha 400 jan re. 1949 February 16 ya shana maga nsin sin wa ai shaloi, Yetashe dabang kaw dap hpung ni yawng hpe shinggyin nna dingren tsap shangun ai. “Masha yawng hkum sai” nga ai hte, Naw Seng kaw nna lawu na hte maren mungga kadun mi tsun ai. Myitrum manang ni, Brang ni, U Nu gaw anhte Jinghpaw ma ni hpe majan man de chyu shangun ai. Hpa mara n nga ai hpunau Kayin mare masha ni hpe majoi mi sat sharu kau shangun ai. Dai zawn re ai majan gaw, htawmhpang de myusha shada a lapran kaw nju ndawng, prat chyanat kaw n htum lu ai majan hpe shalat ya ai mas-ing sha re. Dai majaw, daini kaw nna anhte gaw hpunau Kayin ni hte myit hkrum mangrum rai, U Nu shadip magam hpe tara shang gasat hpang sai. Anhte gaw tinang a mungdan de lung wa let, awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu ai

Wunpawng mungdan gawgap la na re. Anhte a nu wa hpunau mungmasha myitsu du salang ni anhte a rawtmalan lam hpe hkap madi shadaw la ai n-gun atsam hte yaw shada tawn ai pandung de du wa lu na re. Rai yang, shawn-glam kaw shadip magam hpyen ni htap hte htap pat shingdang nga ma ai. Dai taihpyen ni hpe anhte gaw magrau grang ai atsam hte ladat jaw jaw gasat mat wa yang sha, laidi lu na re. Dai majaw myitrum ni, Brangram ni, myit shabawn nhtan langai a shangwang kata kaw gasat poi shang sa ga. Teng teng awngdang na re, nga nna htawn tsun ngut ai hte, “Ya anhte rawt saga. Zau Tu hte Nhkum Naw woi awn ai, D Dap ran lam shawng. Dai hpang, Gang Di woi awn ai, C Dap ran hkan nang”, nga nna matsun jahkrat dat ai hte rawt hpang sai. Shanhte a hpang kaw Kayin daphpung ni hkan nang ma ai. 1949 February 16 ya shani gaw, U Nu shadip magam hpe anhte Wun-pawng sha ni rawtmalan hpang ai masat nhtoi rai sai. Dai shana jang nan, Myolat hpe akajawng sha, shanghtim gasat dat ai hte chyahkring laman dai mare ting hpe zing la lu sai. Matut nna Yeni dap dabang kaw zanzi zawng nga ai hpyenla hpe rim la nna sinat kalang pyi n shangoi ai bai zing la lu sai. Dai hpang matut manoi Tawati kaw jahkrat tawn ai tinang a dapdung rapdaw kaw ngam nga ai Dap-ran ni hte Dapdung up Zau Gawng hpe wa magra rim let, sinat di rai jang, Zau Gawng gaw yupmang mi rai sai kun! nga myit la let, mau ma-a mat nu ai. Dai majaw, Zau Gawng gaw chyam yu ai hku nna shi a shinglet hpe mayun gawa yu yang, machyi wa ai majaw yupmang n re ai hpe chye ai shaloi, madang n sharam ai shawng na hta grau mau ma-a mat ai lam hpyenla ni tsun kajai wa masai. Nhtoi htoi wa mahka rai sai. Naw Seng gaw, shi a makau na Dap ran ni hpe woi nhtawm, Lewe kaw nga ai Myen dap hpe akajawng sha, sa htim shang let “zing la mu”, nga nna order jahkrat dat ai hte maren, shanhte a Dap ran ni gaw akajawng htimshang let, Myen dapdung langai ting hpe sinat n shangoi ai sha laknak jahkrat ai hte akajawng sha, rim magra la lu manu ai. Ndai gasat poi ni kaw lang ai ladat yawng gaw, “Akajawng sha” ngu ai ladat re majaw lana laman myo 4 hpe aka-jawng sha zing la lu sai. February praw 17 ya jahpawt rai mat sai. Dap-ran C hpe lam shawng shangun nna Pyinmana de matut rawt lung wa sai. Pyinmana kaw No. 3 Jinghpaw dap hte Myen dap langai nga ai. Dai kaw mung, tinang a dap kata

kaw shang du ai hte No. 3 Jinghpaw dap yawng hpe sinat n gap shangoi ai laknak zing la lu sai. Shanhte hpe atsawm shadum jahprang nna shanhte hpe zinlum la kau sai. Myen dap ni gaw hprawng lawt mat ma ai. Htawng sin ai ni mung, hprawng mat masai. Naw Seng gaw, “Htawng lawan adup hpaw mu” nga nna matsun jahkrat ai. Htawng adup hpaw nna Kayin htaw-ng masha 4000 hpe dat kau ai. Kawsi hpanggara nga ai htawng masha ni hpe tinang a n-gu lusha ni garan ya let sha-du sha shangun sai. Htawng masha ni hpe Naw Seng gaw “U Nu shadip mag-am n kaja ai, n tara ai majaw anhte rawt gasat ai re. Nanhte mung anhte kaw hkan nang na nga ai ni hpe hkalum la na ga ai. Nta wa mayu ai ni mung wa lu ai” nga nna tsun ai. Htawng masha ni mung Naw Seng hpe, “grai chyeju dum sai law, anhte hpe hkye shaw la ai chyeju madu e” nga ma ai. Naw Seng a hpyendap ni, hpung langai gaw Pyin-mana kaw na wanleng hte Mikhtila de lung, hpung mi gaw mawdaw lam hku lung wa ma ai.

MIKHTILA GASAT POI Shanhte gaw myit rawt magrau grang ai atsam hte Mikhtila myo de shading let n-yup nsha matut gasat mat wa masai. 18 ya shani yuptung ten hta Tatkung hpyen dabang hpe htim gasat sai. Nhtoi htoi wa mahka, Tatkung hpe zing madu la lu sai. 19 ya jahpawt hkying 10 ten hta Tatkung hte Mikh-tila lapran na mahkrai kaw C dap ran ni hte Hkang dap ni gasat poi byin ai. Ndai gasat poi hta Hkang dap ni laja lana hkala sawng let, hprawng bra mat nna shanhte gaw mahkrai hpe madu la lu masai. 20 ya shani Tazi hte Mikthila makau na hpyen dabang ni hpe aka-jawng wa htim gasat sai. Dai shani Mikhtila makau na dap dabang ni, nbungli dabang hte Mikhtila mare hpe zing madu la lu sai. No. 3 Hkang dapdung rapdaw hpe zing la lu ai hte rau, ningtau dapdung up du kaba Lin Chinzan hpe mung lu rim sai. Myen shadip magam gaw lawu mung de Kayin ni rawtmalan wa ai majaw, shara magup Kayin ni, Kayin rapdaw mu gun masha ni, Pyada ni, Jawngma hte tsi mu gun masha ni hpe n tsen ai majaw majoi rim la nna jep let, htawng kaw sharawng tawn masai. Mikhtila kaw mung, Kayin amyu 6000 jan hpe rim nna hpri ju nhpan kata kaw kum sharawng tawn ma ai. Zing la lu ai hte htawng hpe adup hpaw nna masha 6000 jan hpe shaw la sai. Dai aten hta sha, laknak pala dum ni hpe mung

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adup hpaw la nna htawng na shaw la ai Kayin ni hpe laknak jahpai ya dat ai majaw dap n-gun mung grau kaba wa sai. Wanleng lam hpe madu tawn lu na matu, dai shani jang dap n-gun nkau hte Tazi mare hpe aja awa htim gasat sai. 20-21 laman shani shana gasat ai hte Tazi dap dabang hpe zing la lu ai raitim hpang e tai hpyen maga de na aja awa bai gasat wa ma ai majaw shin-ggan kaw nna wang shinggrup tawn let, bai zing la lu sai. February 21 ya shani Mikhtila hpe zing madu la kau sai hpe n chye ai shadip magam a nbungli 2 gaw, Mikh-tila nbungli dabang de yu hkrat wa ai. Naw Seng gaw nbungli yu hkrat wa ai hpe mu dat ai hte myihprap daram lawan ai bawnu hpe shachyai dat ai nga yang, grau kaja htaphtuk ai zai nyan pru wa nu ai. Shingrai, shi a masha ni hpe, “Htawra nbungli gawt ai yan hpe kalangta magra rim tawn mu” nga nna order jahkrat dat sai. Gang Di hte Nhkum Naw, nanhte dapma ni yawng hpe atsawm woi awn nhtawm, lagaw lam hku anut lung wa mu. Ngai gaw nbungli hku Mamyo hpe wa magra la nhtawm, gasat yu wa nna nanhte hpe wa tau la na” nga nna tsun let Naw Seng gaw nbungli hte Maymyo lung na hku lajang sai. Maymyo de na Myen dap lithkam ni hpe majan hpa-awn langai du na lam shana shangun sai. Nbungli kaw masha law law n mai jawn ai. Dai majaw Kayin laksan dapkung langai hte Jinghpaw laksan dapkung langai nbungli hte lung, nga nna dapkung langai mi nbungli langai hpra kaw woi jawn nna Maymyo nbun-gli dabang de gawt lung wa masai.

MAYMYO GASAT POI Maymyo gaw lahta Myenmung daw langai ting hpe jum hkang hpareng ai hpyendap dabang daju shara rai nga ai. Maymyo nbungli dabang gaw mare hte deng 7 tsan ai mare shinggan kaw rai nna nbungli wa hkrat ai hte nbun-gli dabang sin makawp lit la ai Myen du hte dap ma nkau mi sa tau la ma ai. Naw Seng woi ai laksan hpung ni mung, mi na shadip magam daphpun palawng masat hte hkrak rai nga ai majaw nbungli dabang sin makawp ai ni mung, myit mi apyaw rai hkungga jaw let sa tau hkalum la ma ai. Nbun-gli kaw nna yawng yu ngut ai hte sin makawp lit la ai duwa hpe sinat hte madi tawn let, shi a sinat kadun rawq la kau ya sai. “Nang kaw sin makawp ai ni yawng marai kade rai ta? Yawng hpe lawan shaga shinggyin dat” ngu ai order hpe na dat ai hte mau kajawng let mau ma-a nga, “Oh… e…du ni gaw….” . Dai shaloi Naw seng gaw, “an-

hte rawtmalan ai Jinghpaw dap ni re. N si mayu yang, lawan di u” ngu jang “ mai saq du kaba.. mai saq du kaba” nga nna sin makawp ni yanwg hpe shaga mahkawng dat nu ai. Shanhte a laksan dap ni gaw makau de ran ran rai maja tsap let, dai kaw na sin makawp dap ni yawng a laknak ni hpyu la kau ya sai. Shingrai zing la lu ai sinat ni mawdaw 3 kaw masawm bang nna Maymyo dapba daju rapdaw kata de hkre lup rai, gawt shang mat wa ai. Shawng nnan gaw No. 1 Jinghpaw dapdung rapdaw kaw lup rai shang wa let shingdu kaw magam lit la ai Nammai Hkam hpe magra tawn nna, sinat lau mi mung n shangoi ai sha, Jinghpaw dap ni yawng hpe tinang maga de lu gangbang la sai. Dai shingdu daw kaw ngam nga ai 1st Kachin dapma ni mung lawm rai, dapba rapdaw de akajawng rai shang nhtawm, dai kaw nga ai lawu tsang du kaji ni yawng hpe rim la sai. Dai shaloi jang, laknak chyu pala dum ni hpe mung zing la nna gumh-praw dum mung adup hpaw nhtawm, gumhpraw yawng hpe magawn la let, nkau gaw mawdaw kaw htaw, nkau gaw aten galu mahkawng da ai shabrai kaba hku dapma ni yawng hpe gam ya ai. Shadip magam ntsen nna rim sharawng tawn ai No. 3 Kayin dapdung na hpyendu, hpyenla, pyada, rapdaw magam gun masha 600 jan hpe mung htawng adup hpaw nna shaw la sai. Hpyenla ramma ni hpe kalangta laknak jahpai ya nna Myen dap hte mare ting na uphkang rapdaw ni hpe zing la kau sai. Dai ten hta, hpyen jawng-up Col. Maung Maung, Maj. Htun Sein, Maj. Thun Aung zawn re ai du kaba ni gaw, Maymyo a shinggan de hpyenla nkau woi nna, rawtmalan ai Kayin ni hpe hkap gasat na matu, pru wa ma ai lam chye lu ai. Shingrai, Naw Seng gaw dap hpung langai dat nna myo shinggan kaw nan dai du ni a laknak yawng hpe sa hpyu la kau ya sai. Dai zawn rai, Maymyo kaw nga ai hpyendu kaba ni yawng mung bawng tai mat nna, 1949 February 21 ya shani Maymyo ting hpe Du Kaba Lahpai Naw Seng tsepkawp zing la lu sai. Maymyo hpe zing madu la sai, ngu ai shiga hpe Yangon shadip magam ni akajawng sha na dat ai hte, “i gaw re ni e” nga nna n dang kam na daram mau am mat masai. Naw Seng a kung laram ai gasat zailadat hpe sinat lau mi mung n gap shangoi ai. Maymyo na hpyen dabang kaba hte hpyendap kaba ni, uphkang rapdaw ni yawng hpe dagup la kau ai lam hpe na lu ai masha kadai raitimung, n mau ai n nga lu masai. Dai aten hta rawtmalan hpung ni hpe hkan

hkrau gasat hkawm ai Maj. Tin Maung ka ai laika hta, “Sinat kalang mi mung, n gap shangoi ai Maymyo na hpyendap yawng hpe dagup la kau lu ai Naw Seng a myihprap zawn lawan ladan dawdan ahkyak la lu nna kungkyang laram ai atsam hpe ngai, shi a taihpyen wa raiti-mung, shi hpe n shakawn ai n nga lu nngai, nga nna masat masa hku shadan shadawng nhtawm, nachying shagrau sha-a let ka tawn da nga ai. (16-2-1949) – (21-2-1949), 6 ya laman Du Kaba Lahpai Naw Seng gaw Kayin rawtmalan hpu nau ni hpe woi awn padang shu la lu ai majan ndai gaw, Toungoo kaw nna Maymyo du hkra, zing madu wa ai mauhpa majan rai sai. Shingrai, anhte Wunpawng Myusha ni hta prat chyanat kasi yu la nna tinang a mungdan hpe nhten nrun makawp maga wa na matu sali wunli rai u ga, yawshada let nhten nrun ai ja masat zawn tawk shagrin tawn ai masat dingsat hku jawm makawp maga sa ga law. Du Kaba Naw Seng gaw Toungoo kaw nna gasat lung wa ai lam kaw, taihpyen wa htap tsalam hku, mungdan ting na hpyen n-gun lang nna hkap gasat shingdang timung, dingyang gasat htuje lung wa lu sai. Raitimung, tinang a mungdan Namhkam du ai shaloi, taihpyen wa kaw myiman tam ai tinang myusha du gyi salang nkau jawm ninghkap ai marang e, “tinang a buga kaw du jang, tinang a myusha ni hkap hkalum shingtau madi shadaw la ai marang e, myusha ting jawm raq sharawng awng ai Awmdawm ahkaw ahkang lu wa na sai ngu yawshada ai a mahtai gaw, nhtang de rai mat sai.” Anhte Wunpawng Myusha ni a rawtmalan labau hpe hkaja wa yu yang, magrau grang nna taihpyen wa e, ding-tawk jahten sharun ai lam n lu galaw timung, taihpyen wa kaw myiman sa tam ai tinang a myusha ni a majaw hkrat sum ai hpe mu wa saga ai. Madu Yesu hpe dut shah ai gaw, shinggan masha n rai. Shi a hpang hkan Sape wa nan, rai sai. Ndai mungkan agrin nga dingsa, anhte Wunpawng Myusha (Kachin) ngu ai ni mung, agrin nga na re. Shin-grai, anhte myusha yawng a lit gaw, tinang a myusha ni tutnawng e grin sa wa lu na matu, nachying ahkyak ai lit re. Shingre ai masa hta hkan nna, taihpyen wa kaw myiman tam ai hpu nau wa hpe aten dep myit malai lu wa hkra, kahkyin gumdin ai atsam hte mahkrun jawm tam na matu ra yang ra ai hku ahkyak jawm la ga, ngu nna nu wa hpunau myit-su salang ji nban yawng hte hpe kamhpa let lajin dat nngai law.

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Lafa majaw Shanglawt Laika Sharin Jawng nah jawngma1 ni Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi (World Tearchers’ Day) hpe galaw mayu maq tah?

Hparat Panglai Reporter

Sara ngu ai ni gaw, shinggyim masha ni aq shawnglam

prat hpe hkyen lajang ya matwa ai ahkyak dik bungli kaba hpe jum hpajang galaw nga ai ni, rai nga maq ai. Shinggyim wuhpung wuhpawng akyu ara hpe shanhte apnawng shakut shajaq matwa ai dawjau lam ni gaw, htih n dang rai nga ai. Tsun gaq nga yang, mungkan ting nah jawngma wan hkying lam (billions) ni aq aprat hpe hprang shara, hkrang samah gawgap hpang dat ya ai rai nga maluq ai. Sara langai gaw laning mi htaq, jawnggawk kata e jawngma ni hteq rau rai, rapshara madang aten hkyinghkum 786 (hrs) jailang shamaq nga maluq ai, re. Ndai daram lawq ai ahkying aten gaw, tinang dum ntah masha ni hteq rau nga ai aten ni htaq, grau lawq nga maluq ai. Jawngma ni aq prat bawng-ring kunghpan chyoichye galu kaba wa na matu, sara ni dawjau matwa ai hkunggar, shanhte ni shakut shajaq sakjawq bang matwa ai akyu ara ni hpe chyeju dum, hkungga masat masa shagrau ya ai hku nna shaning shagu aq October shata prawq (5) yaq shanih e “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” (World Teachers’ Day) hpe galaw taw nga ai, rai sai. Mungdan latsa jan gaw, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe lachyum shaprawq galaw nga masai. Mungdan nkau ni htaq, ndai masat ninghtoi shai hkat ai nga tim, yawshada ai bungli lachyum masa gaw n shai hkat nga maq ai. Canada mungh gaw 2002 ning e, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe myit dum shagrau galaw ai hku nna “laika sa masat” (postage stamp) hpe galaw shaprawq maq ai. Dainih mungkan ting e, lawuq tsang sara, wan (million) 29 nga nga ai. Raitim, nawq ra shajang nga maluq ai. Miwa mungh e, sara ni hpe atsawm akawm hkungga tawn dah nhtawm, shata kumhpaq hpe mung alawq ahtam jawq tawn nga maq ai, re. Tsun gaq nga yang, tsun n ra hkra, tawn dah nga maluq ai. Canada mungh e, sara langai aq shata kumhpaq gaw laning mi htaq, $ 40,000 kawq nna $ 90,000 lapran jawq shajang nga maq ai. England mungh, 2007 ning htaq, sara shabri shabrai gaw laning mi e Sterling Pound 20,133 kawq nna 41,004 rai shajang nga maluq ai. Nkau ni aq shabri

1 Jawngma (student) ngu ai lachyum htaq, jawngnum, jawnglar yawng hkyawm sai; Lawm sai. Sara ma (sara num) ngu ai mung, Myen ga “ဆရာမ” ngu ai kawq nna lah tsun matwa ai zawn, Catholic (thilaqshin) ni hpe “ma ma” ngu wa ai mung, Myen ga “မမ” (Ma Ma) nah lah lang matwa ai, rai nga ai. Shanhpraw myimut num ni hpe British colony prat htaq, Myen ni gaw, “မမ” (Ma ma) ngu wa masai, re. Dai kawq nna bau lah ai agar rai nga ai. Sara (teacher) ngu ai lachyum htaq, sharin ya ai Sara num, Sara lar ni yawng hkyawm sai. Num hpe mung, “sara” ngu nna mai tsun ai. Mai ka ai.

shabrai gaw shanhte mahkrum madup hteq lit shajan ni aq majaw, grau lawq ai mung, nga ai. Jawng re n lung shi ai ma ni hpe sharin ya ai preschool sara ni aq shata kumhpaq gaw, laning mi e Sterling Pound 20,980 rai nga ai. American mungh htaq, 2004 ning e primary hteq secondary school sara ni aq median salary gaw $ 46,000 (Ks. 4,600,000,000/-) rai nga maluq ai. 2007 ning e, South Dakota htaq, high school sara aq median shabrai gaw, $ 35,000 rai nhtawm, New York e gaw $ 71,000 rai shajang nga ai, re. National median shabrai madang gaw, $ 52,000 jawq nga maluq ai. Hpaji hteq seng-ang ai snr masat tawn ai janmau masat pa lu ngut ai ni mung, rai ra nga maluq ai. “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” e, laika sharin ai hpe gan jahkring tawn nga maq ai. Sara ni gaw mungdan gawgap ya ai bungli bungsi ninghkan, shagrau sha-ar hkam shajang nga maq ai. Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi Ningpawt Ninghpang : United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) gaw, sara ni jawngma ni aq hpaji hparat lam htaq, atsam marai dat shakut shajaq ya ai hpe myit dum nga lu na matu, masat dingsat lamang galaw ya ai, rai nga ai. 1966 ning, France mungh, Paris mare dajuq kawq, mungkan mungdan ni aq shadip magam wuhpung wuhpawng ni, International Labor Organization (ILO), hpaji machyoi muqnu ni (experts) hkumra hpawng kaba langai galaw maq ai. Dai hpawng htaq, sara

ni aq madang hteq seng ai madiq shadaw gamung bawngban pruwa ai. Ndai gamung gaw, sharin achyin ya na hpundah ningjah atsam marai ni masat tawn matwa ai hteq maren, mungkan ting nah sara ni aq ahkaw ahkangh hpe makawp maga ya na matu, “munggar makyit” (charter) langai byin pruwa sai. Madiq shadaw munggar makyit hpe UNESCO hkap lah masat masa hpang ai shanih kawq nna “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” (World Teachers’ Day) masat byin hpangwa ai, rai nga ai. Ndai gamung makyit hpe 1966 ning, October (5) yaq shanih hkap lah hpang wa manuq ai. Dai hpang, shaning 28 ning naq ai shaloi, UNESCO gaw sara ni hpe shagrau sha-ar na matu, mungkan mungsang masat hku, bai galaw wa masai. UNESCO mung, October 5 yaq hpe sha, bai “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hku, masat lang wa masai. Yawng aq shawng lang nah “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” (First World Teachers’ Day) hpe 1994 ning, October (5) yaq shanih hpang dat manuq ai. Gara hku, galaw shajang nga aq tah? : Laika sharin jawng, college, dakkasu ni mung, ndai ninghtoi e sara ni hpe hkungga shagrau sha-ar ai lamang hpawng hpe galaw maq ai. Jawngma ni mung, sara ni hpe chyeju dum ai lam hpe hpan amyu myu hku nna masat masa galaw shajang nga ai. Mungdan shadip magam ni mung, sara ni hpe shagrau sha-ar ai lamang hpe galaw ya nga ai. Ndai ninghtoi e, sara ni hpe kumhpaw kumhpaq masat sakjawq shagrau nga ai.

India : Galar mungh gaw, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe September (5) yaq e, galaw maq ai. Ndai shanih gaw, Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan aq shangai daidawq (Sept. 5, 1888) ninghtoi hpe lah nna masat shagrau wa ai, rai nga ai. Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan gaw India Gumsan Magam galaw matwa ai rai nna India hpaji yiq-ngam bungli hteq mungkan lawnglam hkan e akyu ara jawq ai hku lagaw lataq ahkang jahkang shakap matwa ai hpaji machyoi muqnu wa mung, rai nga ai. India Galar e “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe shawng, woi galaw hpang dat ya ai wa mung, rai nga ai.

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Sara ni gaw, Indian wuhpawng hpe galaw jawq matwa ai chyeju akyu ara myit dum masat rai nga ai. Ndai masat ninghtoi e, jawng, college, dakkasu hkan nah lataq lah hkrum ai sara ni hpe Indian Gumsan Magam wa sawq shagah nhtawm, lamang hpe galaw maq ai. Lamang e, gumhpraw kumhpaw kumhpaq ni hteq rau, masat dingsat laika (certificate of recognition) ni hpe shagrau jawq ya nga ai. Gumsan Magam wa, sara ni aq matu, shagrau jawq ai kumhpaq hpe “Amyusha Kumhpaq” (National Award) ngu nga maq ai. Ndai gaw, nem dik sara ni hpe tsaw dik deq nna masat shagrau sha-ar ai mung, rai nga maluq ai.

China : Miwa mungh shadip magam ni gaw, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe 1985 ning, September (10) yaq e ndau galaw hpang wa sai. Raitim, lahpar majaw ndai shanih lataq galaw ai hpe asansha rai, n tsun sanglang nga maq ai. Hongkong : Hongkong mung, 1997 ning, Miwa mungh kaba (Mainland China, People’s Republic of China) deq ap jawq kau dat ai hpang, September (10) yaq hpe “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” masat galaw ai. Dai aq shawng daw deq gaw, Taiwan zawn “September (28) yaq shanih htaq, galaw wa masai. Taiwan (Republic of China) : Taiwan gaw September (28) yaq shanih hpe lataq galaw maq ai. Ndai ninghtoi gaw, Confucius shangai ninghtoi hpe myit dum ai hku nna lah masat galaw matwa ai, rai nga ai. Confucius gaw Miwa prat dingsa nah hpaji hparat machyoi kasi ningli jawq ai wa hku nna hkamlah nga maq ai. Taiwan ni galaw ai hkrang gaw, lamang hpe jahpawt aten hkying 6 AM e, “chying” (drum) hpe dum nna galaw hpang wa ai. Madum sumpyi dum ai ni gaw marai 54 rai nna palawng galu hpun let, shingkyit amut hpe kyit tawn

dah maq ai. Ka manawt ai ni gaw, marai 36 snr 64 rai ra nhtawm, ahtoi ningsam hpe hpun sumrawq tawn nna shingkyit atsit hpe kyit tawn maq ai. Shanhte ni hpe Confucius (Kung Tsui-chang) ni woiawn nna lamang hkan galaw ai ni bai hkan nang ai hkrang, rai nga ai. Dumsu, bainam, waq langai hpraq sat nna hkunggar jawqjau maq ai. Ndai hkunggar ni kawq nna baw lah ai amun ni hpe “Hpaji Hparat Mun” (Hairs of Wisdom) ngu nga maluq ai. Kaja dik galaw shakut matwa ai sara ni hpe kumhpaq bai jawq shagrau nga ai.

Bhutan : Bhutan mungh gaw, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe May shata (2) yaq shanih e galaw maq ai. Dai shanih gaw, 3rd Bhutan hkawhkam aq shangai wa ai ninghtoi hpe myit dum masat ai hku nna galaw wa maq ai. Ndai hkawhkam gaw, Bhutan mungh aq hpaji hparat rawtjat wa na hpe gawsharawt hpang dat ya ai ninghkan, shiq aq chyeju hpe myit dum ai hku nna “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe mung, masat shagrau galaw wa ai, rai sai.

South Korea : Dingdaq Korea mungh gaw, tsun gaq nga yang, 1963 ning nah hpang wa sai, re. Ndai mabyin gaw, Chyingchyai Hkyeng (Red Cross) ramma ni, tsidum (hospitals) ni e machyiq makawq nga ai sara ni hpe sa gawan yu gawn lajang ya ai bungli kawq nna ningpawt hpang wa nga ai, re. Ndai mabyin gaw, May shata

Ninghtoi” hpe September shata e, yawng aq shawng nah “Friday” htaq, galaw maq ai. Ndai “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe “Amyusha Bansaq” (National Holiday) hku, shagrau maq ai.

El Salvador : El Salvador mungh gaw, June shata (21) yaq e, “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe galaw nna “Amyusha Bansaq” (National Holiday) hku, masat shagrau tawn nga maq ai.

“Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” hpe October shata (5) yaq shanih galaw ai mungdan ni (21) nga nna February (28) yaq shanih e galaw ai mungdan ni gaw (11) nga nga shajang ai. Ngam ai ni gaw, langai hteq langai ninghtoi shai shajang nga maluq ai.

Sara ngu ai ni gaw, shinggyimwuh-pawng hpe gawgap nga ai wuttawng ni, rai nga ai hteq maren, shinggyim masha prat hkrunlam aq sharin achyin hkajah lah ai bawq ningpawt ningh-pang (foundation) hpe gawde jahkrat dat ya ai ni, rai nga maq ai. Hpundah hpring ai sara ni gaw, galoi raitim, jawngma ni hpe kaja dik htum galaw na hku, htuh shadut ya nga ai zawn, shanhte ni aq atsam marai ningjah yawng hpe shawq madun dan ya nga maq ai. Sara ni hpe chyeju dum ging laq ai ninghkan, Shanglawt Jawng ni htaq, Kachin jawngma ni hku nna “Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi” masat hpe jawngma ni aq myit krawlawang kata kaw nna pruwa ai atsam marai ni hteq, galaw nga maq ai.

NYE A SALUM KAYAQ AILatau Seng Awng

Kachin amyu shada Myen ga ga ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Sara, Saranum Kaba ni masha hpe adip arip nga tsun shaga ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Myit-su ging sai salang ni, raidum gawngba ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Chye ai gaw kachyi mi, shakawng ai gaw Ph.D rai ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Lu ai gaw kachyi sha, shakawng ai gaw sumpum kaba rai ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Kahpu kanau lahkawng, masum nga tim, langai mi pyi myu sha lam hta n kam shakut ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Shanglawt shakut na myit pyi n rawng ai, shan-glawt jahpoi ai mu yang, nye salum kaya ai.Wunpawng sha ni “Nang hpam hta pyaw len ai mu yang, nye a salum kaya ai.Lachyawk mi sha rai ai Wunpawng sha ni myusha lam hta myit n hkrum ai mu yang, nye salum kaya ai.Kaya ai… grai kaya dik ai…

(26) yaq shanih rai nga ai. Raitim, 1965 kawq nna gaw, May shata (15) yaq deq, bai htawt sit galaw wa masai. Ndai ninghtoi gaw, Korean ni nah Sejong Muqnu shangai ninghtoi rai nga ai. Sara ni hpe jawngma ni gaw nampan ni hteq, kumhpaq jawq shagrau maq ai. Dainih gaw, Mungkan Sara Ninghtoi e, jawng ni hpe pat jahkring tawn nga maq ai. Lachyum gaw, jawngma ni kawq nna manuq manaq manu dan ai sake manawn kumhpaq jawq wa ai satlawat ni shara shagu e chyambra galaw wa ai majaw, rai nga ai.

Singgapore : Singapore gaw, “Mungkan Sara

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13 lang L.G.Z Hpung Zuphpawng GalawKatha Mare

Bum Shingnoi

13 lang L.G.Z hpung zuphpawng kaba hpe Katha Mare e, 2017 March (30) kawq nna April (2) yaq du hkra, galaw wa masai. Shaning (50) hpring L.G.Z EC zuphpawng hpe mung, galaw lah nga ai. Ndai zuphpawng e, bugah hpung shagu deq nna marai langai (yuqtai), marai lahkawng (yuqrun), marai masum hpung, yuqhkum nchyin hpung rai nna shang shingjawng lawm nga maq ai. Yuqtai shang shingjawng lawm ai bugah hpung ni gaw, (13) du nga ai. Yuqtai shingjawng ai htaq, 1st kumhpaq hpe gaw, Mahte Bugah Hpung nah Dumdawq Brang San Awng lu lah nga ai. 2nd kumhpaq hpe Tawnggyi Bugah Hpung nah Gawqlu Brang Awng hte 3rd kumhpaq hpe gaw Yangon Bugah Hpung nah December Luq Luq Seng ni lu lah shajang nga maq ai. Yuqrun hpe bugah hpung (10) kawq nna shanglawm shingjawng maq ai. 1st kumhpaq hpe gaw, Yangon Bugah Hpung nah Jangmaw Htuq Seng hteq, Wawhkyung Zau Gam yan lu lah maq ai. 2nd kumhpaq hpe gaw, Mahte Bugah Hpung nah Hpauje Roi San hteq Hpawwung Seng Gun yan lu lah nhtawm, 3rd kumhpaq hpe gaw Katha Bugah Hpung nah Galau Kyi Myaw hteq Maji Tang Mai ni lu lah shajang maq ai. Marai masum hpung hku nna shingjawng ai lamang htaq, bugah hpung (8) kawq nna shanglawm maq ai. 1st kumhpaq hpe Yangon Bugah Hpung nah Labyaq May Day Hkawn San, Damau Jubilee Seng Din hteq Layung Ja Tsen Awng hpung ni lu lah kau maq ai. 2nd kumhpaq hpe gaw Mahte Bugah Hpung nah Labang Brang Zet, Hkangma Awng Doi Raw hteq Madung Ting Yung ni lu lah nhtawm, 3rd kumhpaq hpe gaw, Mandalay Bugah Hpung nah Lazum Lili Bawk Seng, Hkaqpra Ja Mun Awng hteq Lazum Myu Ring Awng hpung ni lu lah shajang nga maq ai. Yuqhkum yuqzup shingjawng lamang e, Yangon Bugah Hpung ni lu lah maq ai. 2nd kumhpaq hpe gaw Mahte Bugah Hpung ni lu lah nna 3rd kumhpaq hpe gaw Tawnggyi Bugah Hpung ni lu maduq matwa maq ai. Sa shang shingjawng lawm ai ni yawng hpe Karai Kasang kawq nna ngwipyaw ai shaman chyeju matut nna ginlen ya nga uq gaq, kyu hpyih shalawm dat nngai.

LABAU JAW AI L I T

Ulat Hpunggam

Daini na ten hpa byin nga ai,Nang ngai anhte yawng chye ai hkrai;

Lama masa n jaw wa jang, Chyurum shani myit hkum ung-ang;

Anhte shajin yawng a myit hta,Tauhkrau maja htang da saga;

Kadai hpe mung anhte hkum hkrit, Tinang Mungdan makawp na lit;

Mali Hpungmai zup ai shara,Madim hkalawng jahkring kau hkra;

Gwi gwi dawdan ninghkap ra sai, Anhte ahkang jaw nan n mai;

Masa hpe yu aten ginjang,Marawn garu lam she n shang;

Saranum lahkawng sat kau hkrum ten, N-gun madun ai hte maren;

Mungkan na hkra ashun ga-nga,Tsepkawp pat hkum gawt kau saga...

Moi mung hkam sha ga sai mabyin, Mahkrum madup dai hte sharin;

Anhte myu ni hkoi shap ai hka,Kadai hpe mung jaw ra n nga;

Myen Mung Hkringmang daju U Nu, Miwa wa hte htinggrum jinghku;

Nhprang sutgan pru ai shara,Hpri maw, Gawlam, Gamhpang, buga;

A nga laga chyasam yan she, Manu dan ai anhte mung hpe;

Dut sha kau ya maroi n ni,Galoi raitim masin n si;

Ya bai kalang dai lai masa, Matut hparai anhte hkam na;...

HPAJI MYIT JASAT HTE TSUN LU AI HPAJI NIMaru Brang Kum

1. Lamuga mayu nna masha amyu n htum ai, Masha shada mayu hkat jang masha amyu teng teng htum mat lu nga ai.

2. Sanat laknak majan hta, katsi majan hpe grau hkrit ra ai.

3. Amyusha majan gasat n gwi ai wa gaw, mayam tai gwi ai wa rai nga ai.

4. Shinggyim masha a grau kaba htum ai hpaji gaw, tinang hkum

hpe asak galu hkra chye galaw ai hpaji rai nga ai.

5. Gumhpraw buri bunghkum nna si taw ai wa hta, matsan let mung-dan gawgap majan hta si taw ai wa gaw, grau kaja nga ai. Grau arawng lu nga ai.

6. Kanu Kawa shangai chyeju n lu htang tim myu hte mungdan chyeju lu htang yang, hpaji chye ai Kanu Kawa gaw kabu nga ai.

7. Myu hpe tsawra ai share wa gaw, tinang dum nta kaw mu mu mai mai sha lu ai hta, majan pa kaw nam abrut sha ai gaw grau mu nga ai.

8. Myutsaw myit rawng ai kanu kawa gaw nta e rau nga ai kasha hta, majan yi-ngam na kasha hpe grau tsawra nga ai.

9. Hpaji rawng ai num gaw tsa chyaru, hka-yawm lu ai madu wa hta majan pa e lagaw daw mat ai

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madu wa hpe grau tsawra nga ai.10. Myutsaw myit ajet rawng ai hpy-

enla wa gaw majan hpe hkrit nga ai n rai.

11. Chyaru ka-ni lu nna si mat ai ni a kasha jahkrai ma ni gaw yawn-hkyen nna, majan e si mat ai ni a kasha jahkrai ma ni gaw, jahkrai ma tai ai hpe arawng la nga ma ai.

12. Myu hte mungdan majan pa kaw hkrat mat ai share shagan ni gaw, htani htana hkungga shagrau hkrum nna, maigan hpyen wa hpe kam kaba nna hkrat mat ai share

shagan wa gaw htani htana si mat nga ai.

13. Nchyang hpyenla wa gaw gum-hpraw lu na matu asak sum mat wa ai. Myutsaw hpyenla wa gaw mungdan lu na matu asak sum nga ai.

14. Wunpawng Kachin ni gaw mung-dan gaw lu nna, ahkawahkang rai n lu ai amyu rai nga ai. Myen amyu ni gaw, ahkaw ahkang mung lu nna, mungdan mung lu ai amyu rai nga ma ai.

15. Tengman ai majan gasat ai ni gaw, matsan jamjau timung, asak

rawng ai rai nna, lani hte lani kaba wa nga ai. N tara ai majan gasat ai ni gaw asak n rawng ai majaw, hkraw kyip si htum mat wa na mara ai.

16. DC lakmat hpai pru wa ai shaloi, chyeju shakawn hpawng galaw ya ai hta, myu hte mungdan a matu rawt sa wa na dawdan ai shani chyeju shakawn hpawng galaw ai gaw grau arawng lu, grau kaja nga ai. Grau jaw nga ai.

Jan ja hkunhkraw shagu, hpu nau

nkau hta manghkang amyu myu byin pru wa ai hpe mu yu ai zawn, marang kaba htu nna hka tung wa shagu mahkrai hkrai kyin ai hpunau nkau hpe mung mu wa yu saga ai. Maga mi de jan ja nna hkunhkraw ai hpe ahkaw ahkang la chye ai zawn, marang kaba htu nna hka tung wa shagu hpe mung, akyu jashawn la chye ai hpu nau ni hpe mu yang, nachying shakawn hpa rai nga ai. Aten galu hta satan a ntsa maram yu yang, mungdan simsa ai ginra hkan na myusha ni a lapran kaw manghkang byin hkra shalat ya let, dai mangh-kang hpe shang garum sanglang ya ai ladat lang nna yawng sum machyi zang ayai mat hkra, anan hta akan sat nat kau nhtawm, asak naw hkrung nga ai ni hpe shanhte a ginra shinggan de gawt shale kau wa masai. Shing re ai jasat gaw shinggyim masha a lai hpe tawt kau ai rai nna, mungkan masha ni satan hpe jawm ninghkap wa ai shaloi, satan wa gaw tau hkyen tawn sai hte maren, ga ngwi ga pyaw hte shanyam dat ai hpe mungkan masha ni jawm kam ya wa masai. Shingrai Aung San gaw bumnga masha ni hpe kade lang hkalem nhtawm ga sadi masu kade lang kahtap nna jaw wa sai. U Nu hte Ne Win a hpang daini na Than Shwe prat du hkra, bum nga masha ni hpe kade roi sha, damya mya sha wa ai gaw tsun n dang rai sai. Raitim, mung-kan hpe naw shakam lu ma ai. Anhte gaw kaji ten kaw nna Ye-howa hpe kamhpa wa ai ni rai nna, ja chyum mungga hpe hkaja wa ai ni hk-rai rai ga ai. Satan gaw lamu ntsa kaw nga ai zawn, ga ntsa e mung nga ai lam chyum laika kaw na hkaja la lu ga ai. Karai Kasang gaw shi tsawra kamhpa ai lamu kasa Lusifa hpe mungkan ting uphkang ai kaw shi a ningtau madang shatsam tawn ai rai yang, Karai

ANHTE A AWNGPADANG YEHOWA KARAI KASANG

JJ Lum DauKasang hte maren madang hpung dagu lu na matu shakut wa ai marang e, shi a arawng aya hpe jahkrat kau ya sai. Raitimung tsaw htum ai arawng aya lu na matu, matut shakut wa sai. Shing-rai, shi gaw, ga ntsa kaw mung shi a daru darat ni hpe shalat ai hta Myen ningbaw ningla zawn re ai ni hpe lata la wa ang sai. Shing-rai, mungkan kaw jan n shang ai mungdan hpe madu lu ai British hta lai nna, Myenmung hpe madu la lu ai mungdan rai n nga yu ma ai. Japan gaw Myen ningbaw marai (30) shanhte hpe garum la na matu, sa hpyishawn ai hpe ahkaw ahkang la nna, Myenmung hpe madu la hkyen ma ai raitim, Myenmung hpe British ni a lata kaw na lawt lu hkra, garum la na maga de mahtang shading la na matu ladat shaw la lu ai Myen ningbaw nin-gla ni a satan hpaji hpe gaw shakawn ging ai. Karai Kasang gaw Adam yan Ewa hpe Edin sun yu reng uphkang na matu daru magam aya ap da ya sai hpe satan gunglau ai marang e, Edin sun kaw na gau shapraw hkrum masai. Satan gaw grup-yin kaw byin pru wa ai mabyin masa hpe kayin gaye galaw dat ai hte shi a matu akyu ara pru hkra mahkrun tam la chye ai zawn, kaga maga de sum machyi hkra galaw lu ai atsam mung rawng ai. Shingrai satan gaw Karai Kasang jaw da ai daru magam lang nna Madu Yesu hpe shingjawng ai lam galaw wa sai. Yawshu gaw Yehowa hpe tsep-kawp kamhpa ai hte hpyinem ai rai nna Karai Kasang gaw Jan hpe Gibeon bum ntsa hte, Shata hpe Aiyalon kadit kaw jahkring ya ai. Jan gaw lamu ka-ang kaw lani mi hkring nan nga ai rai nna, nsin sin ai hte Yawshu a hpyen

hpung hpe jawm zing la hkyen ai hkawhkam 5 a hpyen hpung ni lungpu kata kaw makoi la nga

ma yang, jan a shingkang hte htoi ya nga ai lungpu kata na hpyen hpung ni hpe Yawshu a hpyen hpung ni e, atsai awai gasat kau lu manu ai. Ndai lam gaw Chyum laika kaw hkang da ai mabyin masa majing hpe shadan shadawng ai rai nna, daini na ten hta mung, Yehowa hpe teng sha kamhpa ai ni a matu asan apra dan dawng ai lamik kumla ni n madun ai raitimung, gawai ai lamik kumla ni hku dingyang madun nga ai hpe mahkrun amyu myu hku nna hpunau nkau danleng ai sakse sakgan mahkrun ni hku shadan shadawng nga ai hpe jawm mu lu, na lu nga ga ai. Daini na ten hta mung, ndai zawn re ai shaman chyeju hkam la lu na matu, hpyenman de sa wa ai hpyendu hpyenla ni hte hpawn, shin-gdu kaw nna n-gun hkan jaw ai Nu Wa Hpu Nau Ji Nban ni yawng hte gaw, “Anhte a Awngpadang, Yehowa Karai Kasang” nga nna hkang da ai matsun maroi hpe kraw kata kaw, hpri maina dawk bang tawn ai zawn, jawm shadik shatup let lahkrip ra ra gasat sa wa ga yang, Yehowa lawm ai majan shagu hta teng teng awngdang wa na re lam hpung sara ni htawn tsun nga ma ai hpe kam let ahkyak jawm la ga, ngu nna hkungga kamhpa let saw shaga dat nngai. Ndai zawn, mungmasa, hpyen masa hte seng nna shen maram ai hta, Ja chyum mungga hpe madung tawn nhtawm, ashawng, ahpang, yawng hpe gumhpawn nna shen maram ai mahtai gaw, tuphkrak dandawng pru wa na re. Ndai ten hta mungkan kaw kahtet kamawt re ai shiga ga gaw, Ruhingya hte seng ai lam rai nga ai. Ndai lam hpe hkaja ai hta satan wa kade ram ai lam maram la ging ga ai. Suu Kyi gaw Ruhingya ni hte dingtawk ahkyak la

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nna American hte EU hpe machyu let madang langai awngdang wa ai hte sin-na masha hpe yen kau shangun ai ladat lang wa sai. Maga mi de Min Aung Hlaing gaw Miwa ni hpe Kyauphyu gatlawk hte shanyam tawn nhtawm, rawtmalan hpung ni hpe gaw NCA sama shamawng jaw tawn ai ladat lang let shalen nga ai. Ruhingya manghkang hpe shazim ngut sai hpang satan a hpy-en hpung gaw Yahkaing ginra kaw nna Myenmung dingdung daw de htawt sit wa nna, ndai ten hta rawtmalan hpung nkau hpe gasat magang sai. Ndai masing gaw ram ram kaba ai madang hku gasat wa na masa nga ai. Satan wa a yaw shada ai lam madung gaw, kani majan maga de gale la ai masing rai nna, sinna mungdan na hpyen hpung ni shanglawm wa ai majan kaba maga de gale wa na masa nga ai. Ndai majan hpe shalat dat lu ai marang e, Ruh-ingya majan hpe aten kadun laman lu jasim la lu sai rai nna, satan wa hpe mara jawm shagun na malai, kabu gara jawm shakawn ai maga de shanang wa shangun hkyen nga ma ai. Shingrai shanhte sat nat wa ai mara yawng gaw, dai kaw prai sai hku grup-yin kaw nna jawm yu wa hkra, satan a nyan hpaji hte mahkrun tam la nga ma ai, ngu maram ya ai. Satan gaw shinggyim masha hta grau zen ai rai nna, sinpraw sinna mungdan hkan na supper power mung-dan ni a man kaw manya masu su nna nga kaba kapung sha dan nhtawm, yawng hpe apyaw sha shanhte a lagaw lata shatai la nna, shangun sha lu nga ma ai hpe mu yang shakawn hpa rai nga ai. Maga mi de tai wa a hpyen ningbaw Min Aung Hlaing gaw, Miwa ni a man kaw grai agam myit n pyaw ai zawn rai jahtuk la ai ga manaw hte myiman ni madun na matu, tau hkyen tawn chyalu rai na sai.

Awmdawm hte Federal a lam kadun mi “ngang hta, hpaq raq” garan kachyan dat ai. Awmdawm hte seng nna npawt nhpang hkam la ai lam tsun ga nga yang:- Russia gaw mungkan kaw shawng nna Communist mungdan gawgap wa ai mungdan rai nna, mung-kan kaw shawng nnan “World An-ti-Communist League Conference” hpe Moscow Krimlin Hkawhkam wang kaw galaw wa sai. Dai zuphpawng a Chairman, Dr. Alexander mungga htawn ai hta:- “Anhte Russia ni gaw Communist hpe tsepkawp n ra ai ni rai ga ai. Shingrai awmdawm ahkaw ah-kang ra ai kadai raitimung Communist ladat hpe lang nna roirip uphkang sha nga ai ni hpe gumlang kau lu ai hpang, tinang a myusha ni ra sharawng awng ai AWMDAWM ahkaw ahkang hpe gawgap la mai ai. Raitimung tinang ra ai hpe dingtawk lang ai ladat gaw, nhtang hku rai mat ai majaw awngdang lam lu wa na matu yak ai lam law law nga ai. Shingrai anhte gaw Commu-nist ladat lang wa ga ai rai yang, daini na ten hta Communist hpe gumlang kau lu sai rai nna, Awmdawm lam ra sharawng ai mungkan ting na ningbaw ningla ni hpe ndai zawn, anhte Russia ni a hkawhkam wang kata kaw nan, mungkan a Communist ninghkap ai zuphpawng kaw hkrum hkat lu ai hpe nachying arawng la ai lam mungga htawn tsun wa sai. Anhte a htingbu mungdan ni rai nga ai China, Laos, Combodia, Vietnam ni a ntsa mada yu dat yang mung sakse hku mu lu nga ai. Federal hte seng nna amyu myu nga ai hpe jawm chye nga chyalu re majaw ga lamyi myu lahkawng hpe sha shadan shadawng na nngai. Daini na ten hta Myen shadip magam woi galaw hkyen ai Federal gaw, Myusha lam yan hpe shamyit kau ai ladat rai nna, American mungdan na Federal hte law malawng bung ai. Ntsa lam

yu yang gaw rai na zawn zawn nga timung, sung sung hkaja yu ai shaloi gaw, anhte Wunpawng myusha ni ra sharawng ai hte shai nga ai hpe mu lu ai. USA kaw British ni grai nga ai. Raitimung, British State, nga nna n mai shamying ai zawn, kaga hku nna mung, masat masa n mai galaw ai lam amyu myu nga ai. Mungdan hte n seng ai British Company zawn re ni lang mai ai. Myenmung kaw Federal mungdan lang dat ai hte Kachin State ngu ai amying shingteng gaw mat mat chyalu re. Anhte a mungdaw hpe anhte ra sharawng ai ladat hte uphkang na ngu ai gaw, hkalem tawn ai ga manaw a lachyum sha arai na re. Daini na ten hta Kachin State a npu kaw nga nga ga ai rai yang, tatut kaw tinang ra sharawng ai tara n mai lang nga ga ai. Satan a matsun hte maren hkan shadik shatup sa ra nga ga ai. Raitimung, Miwa mung kaw tatut galaw nga ai Jinghpaw ni a ginra Mangshi na Federal hpe yu ai shaloi, Jinghpaw ni law malawng nga ai ginra hpe uphkang ai mung-up du ni gaw Jinghpaw amyu nan rai nna, Myusha lam yan hte amyu htunghking hpe manu tawn ya ai lam, ga shadawn, amyu htunghking hte seng nna, manau nau ai ni hta shadip magam kaw nna tara shang sari sadang mi anga rai masat dingsat galaw ya nga ai hpe mu lu ai. Raitimung, tinang a mungdan Myitkyina kaw galaw ai manau poi hpe satan wa matsun ai tara npu kaw myiman kaji hte hkan shadik shatup let shamu shamawt sa ra ai a npu kaw hkam sharang nga ga ai. Shing-re ai majaw Amyu htung-hking hte mungdan gawgap sa ai kaw shada a ningmu ni hpe hkut hkut nai nai bawng jahkrup hkat nhtawm gaw-gap la lu ai mungdan gaw, htani htana agrin nga lu ai Wunpawng Myusha ni a mungdan rai wa na re.

Karai Kasang e hpan da hkrum ai Shinggyim masha hkum shagu gaw, lani mi na ninghtoi hta lama ma kaw na lawt lu lam hpe tam na sha rai nga ai. Shing-rai anhte Wunpawng Kachin amyusha ni gaw AD. 1800 ning a lahta daw de gaw kadai kade a mung uphkang sha ai hpe n hkrum yu na masa nga ai. (laika ka ai wa sawn la ai.) Japan, English Koluni Myen mung du shang wa ai hpang daw de ningbaw

LAMU GANGHKAU NA RAWTMALAN HKRUNLAMShanglawt Jidwi

hte ningbaw daini na aten du hkra, Myen amyu kaba lailen hte uphkang

dip up sai chyup hkrum sha lai wa ai hpe maram mu lu ai. Dai majaw, masha amyu ni a dip up sai chyup hkrum sha nga ai kaw na Wunpawng myusha ni hpe woi shalawt la na matu, Rawtmalan wa ai labau hpe sagawn yu ai shaloi 1949 ning February shata (16) ya shani kaw na Lahkum Lahpai Duwa Naw Seng hte Duwa Lahtaw Zau Seng yan gaw Kachin Rifle Dap ni kaw na Hpyen ninggun shinggyin la nna Myen mung Shadip Magam hpe Rawmalan hpang

wa ai lam hpe mu lu nga ai. Dai hpang Duwa Lahtaw Zau Seng hte Wunpawng Amyusha Dakkasu Jawng Ramma ni shada hkrishawn matut mahkai la nna 1957 ning htum de Kachin Rawtmalan Chyinghka hpaw hpang ai Sanit Majn (7 Stars) ngu ai hpung shawng paw pru wa sai rai nga ai. Dai hpang, matut manoi 1960 ning, October (25) ya shani K.I,O (Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpung) ngu ai shangai pru wa nna 1961 ning, February (5) ya shani gaw Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Shadip Magam Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyendap ngu ai paw pru ai hte Myen amyu kaba

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lailen e dip up sai chyup hkrum sha nga ai kaw na lawt lu na matu, lata-tut rawtmalan hpang wa ai gaw daini na ten du hkra rai nga ga ai. Shing-rai, K.I.O a ask (57) ning hpring ai ten du hkra, Wunpawng Amyu sha ni a NINGBAW KABA MARAI MANGA (5) rai nga saga ai rai yang, Ningbaw Ningla ni hte Rawtmalan hkrunlam hta ru ai, yak ai amyu myu hpe hkam mana let, magam gun ni yawng gaw Karai Kasang hpan da hkrum ai shinggyim masha ni hkrai rai nga ga ai. Machye machyang n bung hkat, n hkum n tsup ai nga yang, Magam bungli kaw woi awn ningla shut, ningra ai lam ni mung law, n law nga chyalu rai na masai. Rai yang, ya aten hta Lamu Ganghkau Rawtmalan Hkrunlam kaw hkawm sa nga ai Wunpawng hpunau nkau mi Rawtmalan hkrunlam hta lata-tut woi awn ningla nga ai ningbaw ningla ni hte Magam gun masha ni hpe shakawn shagrau, jahpoi, asawng, jahpyak ai ni ka shapraw shajang nga ai hpe mu lu nga ai. Shara nkau mi hta masha mying madi madun nna masai marai nga nna tsun tawn ai hpe mung mu lu nga ai, ningrai hpaji jaw shakawn shagrau ai lam ni hpe chyeju dum masat masa mung galaw mayu ai.Dai rai nna LAMU GANGHKAU NA RAWTMALAN HKRUNLAM kaw, hkawm sa nga ai ngai shu ngai sha ni hpe Jidwi hpaji jaw shatsam mayu ai hte ndai Hparat Panglai Journal hpe kasa shatai, garum hpyi dat mayu ai gaw –1. K.I.O a Rawtmalan hkrunlam de

tinang nan sa du madi madun nna hpaji jaw la yang kaja ai.

2. Tinang nan, K.I.O kata sa shanglawm nna ra rawng gawngkya ai lawnglam ni a ningtsa sa du woi awn shading sharai ya yang, kaja ai.

3. K.I.O a asak (57) ning kata na mabyin ni hpe shawng, hkaja la na hte Rawtmalan Hkrunlam a namchyim namta ni hpe shawng chye na let, shading sharai ya yang, kaja ai.

4. Lamu Ganghkau Rawtmalan Hkrunlam kaw na sha, shada shakawn shagrau, jahpoi jahpyak asawng hkat taw nga yang gaw, Wungpawng Amyusha ting a Sari hta mung mahkoi ahtu hkrah ai lam byin kun? ngu Jidwi sawn lu ai.

Ndai Hparat Panglai Journal kaw nna Lamu Ganghkau na Rawtmalan Hkrunlam hpang de, tang madun dat ai gaw Jidwi a ningmu san san re.

De, Ninghtoi- 19 / 10 / 2017.

Tsawra hku hkau let, Manang Ah Zau.

Tut nawng malap n lu tut dum shing-ran nga ai manang Ah Zau hpang de ndai hprawtu maisau laika ntsa hta mahkret sum-yan hte rau hkrum shaga dat nngai. Ah Zau ngwi pyaw hkam kaja nga ai kun…? Ah Zau e, anhkau n hkrum zup ai mung shaning ram ram naq mat wa nga sai le i…? Ah Zau, nang ya ten hpabaw magam bungli hpe gunhpai nga ai kun…? Ngai ninghkau wa gaw, Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Shadip Magam, Mungchying Uphkang Dap kaw na, hpaw ninghtan tawn ai Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng hta, Masat Yan ( 9 ) pang hta Hpu-awn hpaji hpe sharin hkam la ngut nna, Karai Kasang jaw ai atsam hte byin mai ai made magam bungli hta shang tsap gunhpai taw nga sai. Tsawra ai manang Ah Zau e, nang hpang de laika mahkret sum-yan hte hkrum shaga ai gaw, kaga alak mi gaw n re. Anhte chyu rum Wunpawng Mung-chying Mungh shawa ji-nban yawng hkra rawt jat galu kaba wa lu na matu kasi kaja hte woi awn ningshawng lu ai hpaji hpan hkum sumhpa sharin ya nga ai, Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng aq rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam hpe tsun dan mayu na ka mahkret dat ai lam re. Ah Zau e, daini na ten Alen Bum hta hpaw sharin ya nga ai Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng mung laning hte laning hpaji madang mung grau grau na mungkan madap dep wa hkra sharin shalat ya nga sai. Hpa majaw nga yang, anhte Wunpawng myu sha ni hpe Maigan tsasam wa e, dip kamyet chyinglau roir-ip sha ai kata na lawt lu na matu gaw, hpaji masa lam hta grai greng grak ra nga ga ai re. Mungchying Mungh shawa ni yawng myit hkrum kahkyin gumdin nna, makyit sumri ngang ai Wunpawng myu sha ni byin tai hkra, woi awn sa wa lu na matu, uphkang masa hpaji kungkyang ai hpu- awn ningbaw ningla ni mung grai ra ahkyak nga ga ai. Anhte a shawnglam de hpa mi galaw na nga tim, hpaji lam gaw madung rai nga ai. Ah Zau e, nang mung tinang amyu sha ni hpe tsawra ai myit majing rawng ai rai yang, nang chye tawn ai hpaji ni hpe tinang mungdan hta jut shara mi kaw sha pyi akyu jashawn yang mai na re. Matut nna, Ah Zau nang chye tawn ai hpaji ni kaw “Ngang hta hpaq raq” hpaji hpungjat la mayu yang, matut hpaw sa wa na Masat Yan hta ningbaw ningla hpu-awn hpaji ni hpe sa sharin hkam la nna, tinang amyu sha lam yan hta, ngai ninghkau hte rau magam bungli hpe jawm gunhpai sa wa ga ngu saw lajin mayu nngai. Alen Bum Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng masat htingnu gaw, asak aprat ram ai ramma ni yawng aq matu, hpaji nli gat hkai ai shara mung rai nga ai. Ah Zau e, anhte amyu sha ni aq salum ginra rai nga ai Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng hta Hpu-awn hpaji ni hpe sa sharin hkam la nna, anhte aq saidaw saichyen rai nga ai Wunpawng Mungchying Mungshawa, shawa dawtsa ji-nban yawng hpe kasi ningli kaja hte woi zinlum lu ai Hpu- awn kaja langai byin tai lu hkra shakut ra nga ga ai. Bai nna, ningbaw ningla ningnaw sharawt, hpaji sharin shakat ya nga ai, anhte a Hpu-awn Shalat Jawng hpe mung mungkan madang dep lu hkra, myu sha ni nang ngai n nga yawng jawm pawnba madi shadaw sa wa ai rai yang, anhte a jawng grau na rawt jat galu kaba wa na re. Mungdan aq nli tum kaja, asi kaja, wum tsawm ai hpun-nu kaba zawn tai lu ai ningbaw ningla hpu-awn ni byin tai wa lu hkra jawm shakut sa wa ga ngu, Ah Zau hte man hkrum mi n lu jahta tim, ndai mahkret sum-yan laika hte htet shana dat nngai…

Htet shana ai Ah Zau a tsawra dik ai manang,

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Ga hpaw : Moi, anhte a Jiwoi Jiwa ni gaw, kaga amyu ni hte kayau gaya, achya awa n rai mat na matu, anhte hpe lam woi makawp maga hkrat wa sai re. Kaga amyu masha ni rai nga ai, Miwa, Kala, Sam, Myen, Balawng, English ni hta anhte a htunghking ni n sa kayau lawm ai zawn, anhte kaw mung shanhte a htunghking n kayau lawm ai hpe mu lu ai. Shanhte hte jawm nga nga ai raitim, kadai mung kadai tinang a htunghking hte tsun shaga ai aga hpe manu shadan let nga lai wa sai.Dai aten aprat hpe daini anhte gaw ningsin prat ngu nna tsun chye ga ai. Dai ningsin prat, gumgun gumhpai Nat jaw ai prat hta pyi gaw, anhte amyusha ni, amyu masha langai mi hku nna nga lai wa sai. Dai rai yang, daini ninghtoi prat, chyechyang kunghpan wa sai prat hta, anhte a htunghking ni hten run wa nna, tsun shaga ai aga ni shamat kau wa ai rai yang, ninghtoi prat na anhte ni gaw, labau hta mara lu ai ni, ahka kap ai ni tai mat na tsang ra ga ai.Dai majaw, Nat jaw ai prat kaw nna daini ndai prat du hkra, lam woi hkrat wa ai Jiwoi Jiwa ni hpe chyeju dum ra ga ai. Dai hte maren anhte a kashu kasha ni hpe, Myu tsaw myit, Mungdan tsaw myit ni hkringhtawng jaw da na lit kaba mung lu nga ga ai. Ndai Amyusha myit hpe galoi mung kyem da nga yang sha, Jinghpaw Wunpawng Amyu ngu nna grin nga lu na re. Anhte hpe kahkyin gumdin shajup shangang da ai gaw, anhte a tsawm htap manu dan la ai htunghking rai nga mali ai. Anhte amyusha ni bra ayai mat ai lam n byin hkra shajup da ai pali hte bung nga ai. Dai pali hte bung ai htunghking hpe tutnawng e makawp maga nga ra ga ai. Grau ngangkang hkra, madang tsaw wa hkra gawgap la ra ga ai. Kashu kasha ni hpe matut manoi ginlen ya, sharin achyin ya let shadum jahprang nga na lit kaba lu nga ga ai law.Shachyen Shaga Ai Lam : Htunghking:Shachyen Shaga ai hpe,- Htinggaw mying hte sha n hkum

tsup ai.- Amyu rusai hte sha, n hkum tsup

ai.- Htinggaw mying hte hpawn, amyu

rusai, daidaw buga Kanu Kawa mying ni yawng shalawm ra ai.

Anhte amyusha ni gaw, shada da

shachyen shaga hkat ai lam shawng galaw nna she, ra ai lam ni hpe matut jahta ai htunghking lu ga ai. Anhte a manu dan tsawmhtap la ai htunghking re. Kaga amyu masha ni hte n bung ai htunghking rai mali ai. N chye hkat ai shada raitim, garai n hkauchyap ai shada raitim, shachyen shaga hkat ai majaw hkuhkau ai lam grau lu la wa sai re.

Shachyen shaga hkat ai shaloi, tinang a htinggaw mying hte sha shachyen yang n hkum tsup nga ai. Htinggaw mying bung nna amyu rusai n bung ai ni grai law nga ai. Ga shadawn Manam ngu ai htinggaw mying lu ai ni hta, Marip Manam, Maran Manam, Maru Tangbau Manam ngu nna nga nga ma ai. Dai majaw htinggaw mying hte sha shachyen jang, mayu dauma kahpu kanau hpa baw daw ang ai hpe n chye lu ai. Mahkawn shabrang ni htinggaw mying sha tsun

JINGHPAW WUNPAWNG AMYUSHA NI

A MANU DAN AI HTUNGHKING NI

Maran La Mai

ngu ai jan re, amyu mying htinggaw mying shalawm yang, hpa baw daw ang ai hpe grau chye loi nga ai. Shawng de garai n hkrum yu ai, n chye hkat ai ni hte hkrum yang, asak hte hkan nna Ji, Dwi, Hkau, Hkri, Tsa, Ning, Shu ngu nna ga hpaw la nna shachyen la ra ai. Shachyen ngut ai hpang she, Kagu Kamoi, Kahpu Kanau, Kashu Kahkri, Kaji Kawoi, Kawa Di, Kanu Tung daw ang ai hte maren bai shaga hkat na rai nga ai. Hkrum ai hte rau Gu (or) Kanam, ngu yang mung n htuk manu nga ai. Kawa ni she daw ang ai hpe Gu ngu kau, Kana Kajan she ang na hpe Kanam ngu shut kau na tsang ra ai. Anhte chyurum Wunpawng sha ni gaw, shachyen shaga dat jang jinghku jingyu hkrai rai ga ai. Hkahku, Myitkyina, Manmaw, Sam mung, Lawu ga, maigan ga kanang ga mi du hkawm mat wa ai raitim, mayu dama kahpu kanau hkrai re. Anhte shada da pu gang sin machyi ai hkrai re. Dai majaw shachyen shaga ai hpe n mai lagawn ai. Kashu kasha ni hpe mung sharin ya ra ga ai.

Hpang nah lang e, bai matut na, HPJ.

NGANG HTA HPA RABum Shanghkawng

Htawng seng mangai hta len nga,U Byit utswi ni hpe htet dat na.Moi Moi Bum yi naw hkyen,Myusha ni naw matsan ai ten,Mam sha u baw sumhpaMangai yinwa hta pyaw len nga. U gawn brang a zai hpe n myit hkawn Shi hpe sha gaw n-gawn n sawn, Tai yu shinggyin ma mat ai U gawn brang wa mani saiGinjaw yinwa de kayinTai yu shinggyin bai wa gyin,Maw lanyet bawnu shachyai,Byeng-ya zailadat shaw manai. Atsam marai hte jahkrup Myithkrum n-gun hpe latup Gyip gyeng shara hpe sawk mada, U laihkyet kaw sumgawn pat di hkra.Dai hpang:- Mangai yinwa de masing wa hpu hte shachyut Lahpawt ting rawng hte wut lawut, Pyawlen u ni hprawng lam she n hkrup Mahkam sumgawn hta shang nna tup Lasup lanawt hprawng n mai, U gawn brang a zai ladat hta shang masai.Goi i! Myit malai hpanghkrat ai Mangai len u ni hpe myit dum ai. Matsan dum let htet dat nngai.

ai nhkan e, shada da shut hkat ai hpe grai mu lu ai. Amyu rusai hte sha shachyen yang mung, mayu dauma kahpu kanau hpa baw daw ang ai hpe chyawm gaw chye lu na re. Raitim tinang hte jinghku majing kahkri katsa majing, kashu kahkri majing, yuji majing daw ang ai hpe n chye kau ai lam byin chye nga ai. Tinang a amyu rusai hte htinggaw mying ni shalawm nna shachyen shaga ai a marang e, tinang hte asai grai ni hkat ai shada rai yang, grau nna kabu gara let hku hkau lu na re. Bai, tinang a buga hpe shalawm nna shachyen ai majaw, rau buga shada hka bra ai na mat sai hte n chye hkat mat sai raitim, bai chye hkat myit dum hkat lu nga ai. Dai majaw amyu rusai hte htinggaw mying, dai daw Buga, Kanu Kawa mying ni shalawm nna shachyen shaga yang grau hkumtsup nga ai. Kanu gaw, Kawoi gaw kadai

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Kachin Research Society Publication nna laili laika ningnan ni bai pru sai.

Uma Zai : “Hpaji Ningli Ginra Maija Yang” Dumsa Lawt Awng :

“Machyi Latsa, Asak Langai”

Kachin Education Foundation kawq nna Dictionary Committee ni shalat galaw tawn ai “English – English – Kachin – Myanmar Standard Dic-tionary” shaprawq dat sai.

Zaw Buk (Tangbau) labau Komiti kaw nna Miwa Gumsan Mungdan Kata Ti Bet ga du hkra, Mungdaw (7) kaw hkan sawk sagawn ka shapraw da ai “ZAW BUK LAQU LHAOVO AMYU SHA NI A GINRU GINSA LABAU LAIKA BUK” pru saiLabau laika lu la mai shara ni –1. Wai Maw Mading Kahtawng Salang Bangli Dai

Lum.2. Maw Hpawng Slg. Ku Maw Zawng Hkawng.3. Myitkyina Laika Naura.4. Laiza Muklum Simsa Hotel (Duwa Zaw Buk

Than).5. Hparat Panglai laika Naura (Laiza Mare)

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In north Burma today there has developed, as one of the indigenous branches of the Kachin peoples, a quite

substantial ethnic group called the Rawang. Historically, genetically and culturally they have always been one, but due to their wide distribution and linguistic diver .. sification, they have never in the past been recognized as one race. Quite a few of the dialects are mutually unintelligible. Small wonder that outsiders have reported them as being of different stock, or different tribes. Yet there is a strong underlying connection which binds them all together, -their history and their traditions. Of the many Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups which are represented in Burma, and are presumed to have their origins somewhere on or beyond the Tibetan plateau, the Ra- wang are particularly interesting as being perhaps the last migrants. This affords us a rare op- portunity to study a language with many dialects, yet with a minimum admixture of outside influences. Aspects of their culture and traditions may also illumine the study of the older and more diversified Tibeto-Burman cultures. The chaos which characterizes the history of most South Central Asian ethnic groups, from the time of the Nanchao Kingdom until now, has indeed made almost impossible the identifi- cation of modern social, cultural, linguistic or racial groups with any known groups named in ancient records’. The Rawang tribe as a whole, however, is an interesting and fortunate excep- tion. They have been singularly untouched by all the ravages of time, due to their late arrival on the stage of history, their extreme isolation and their comparatively short migration route. The geography and ethnology of the northernmost parts of Burma have long been shrouded in amist of mystery, isolation and inaccessibility, which even yet has not been dispelled, despite the writings of extraordinary explorers such as Prince Henri d’Orleans, F. Kingdon-Ward, R. Kaulback, Joseph F. Rock, and the Gregorys. The groups now called Rawang occupy a large part of northern Kachin State in Burma, and also parts of the adjacent Salween valley in Yunnan, China. Their hereditary homeland includes all that combination of high mountains and low tropical jungle valleys just south of the Eastern Himalayas, which is bounded by the Kaolikung Range to the east and the Patkoi-Mishmi Range to the west. (See map I). Tradition- ally, this is the land explored by their forefathers, found to be uninhabited and claimed for their various tribes as they migrated down off the highlands to the east and north, many centuries ago. Their first contacts seem to have been

with Mishmi and Naga tribes, to the north and west of the flat marshland now known as the Putao plain. Today, although there is much intermingling with other tribes, it may still be said generally that their homeland is bounded on the northwest by the Mishmi, on the southwest by the Khampti Shan, on the south by the Duleng Jinghpaw, on the southeast by the Maru and Lashi, and on the east by the Lisu and Nashi. It seems evident that most migrations down off the high Tibetan plateau were over by the time of Fan-ch’o (樊綽), historian of the Nanchao who wrote the Man Shu (蠻書) Book of the Southern Barbarian2, around 863 A.D. His Ta-Hsüeh-Shan (大雪山) ‘Great Snow Mountains’ surrounding the Ta- T’an (大賤) ‘Great Marshland,’ south of which flowed the Lou- T’ou-Chiang ( ) and the Li-Shui (丽永), may be identified as the Bor Khampti Loong, ‘Golden Plain of the Khampti’, or Putao plain with the massive, impassable snow mountains north of it, and the Nmai and Mali rivers of north Kachin State. According to his vague account, the tribes inhabiting this area then were the Lo-Hsing-Man (邢蠻) ‘Naked Barbarians’, the Yeh-Man (野蠻 ) ‘Wild Barbarians’ (which two may have been the early Tangsa Naga and Mishrni tribes), and about 10 other tribes, of which we may mention the Ch’i-Ch’ih ( ) ‘Lacquered Teeth’, the Hsiu-Mien (繡面) ‘Tattooed-Face’, and the Tiao-T’i ( ) ‘Engraved Forehead’tribes. These are described as ‘not warlike by habit, but... naturally friendly and submissive.... They have no princes or chiefs... When they collect and fight, they do it under summons from themselves’. These are the characteristics of the Rawang groups today. The Daru clans are distinctive not only for the various tattoo patterns which mark the faces of their womenfolk, but also for their famous and unique iron-work, and knives in particular, which figure prominently in Rawang history as well as all references to the area in Chinese and Shan records.

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND MIGRATION ROUTES The importance of the geographical featues of this area has been very well put by P. A. Lan- yon-Orgill :3

“The historical development of Southeast Asia-from the standpoint of both philology and ethnology, as well as of anthropology, sociology and religion-has been influenced to a considerable extent by the peculiar nature of the terrain, for from the great Tibetan plateau and through the mountain ranges which lie in Chwanbien (Hsikang, the S.E. portion of the Tibetan plateau), Sze- chuan and Yunnan there flow southwards a number of great rivers-the Salween..., the Mekong, the Song-bo, the Song-koi [and the Yangtze, the

Laikaman (7) de

ORAL TRADITION AND RAWANG MIGRATION ROUTESROBERT AND BETTY MORSE

Source: Artibus Asiae. Supplementum, Vol. 23, Essays Offered to G. H. Luce by His Colleagues and Friends in Honour of His Seven-ty-Fifth Birthday. Volume 1: Papers on Asian History, Religion, Languages, Literature, Music Folklore, and Anthropology (1966), pp. 195-204Published by: Artibus Asiae PublishersStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1522651

1 Cp. Von Furer-Haimendorf, Rethinking Anthropology, London, 1961; E. R. Leach, Political Systems of Highland Burma, London, Bell and Sons, 1954; P. A. Lanyon ..O. rgill, An Introduction to the Thai Language for European Students, Vancouver, 1955·

2 as translated by Gordon H. Luce, Man Shu, Data Paper N. 44, Southeast Asia Program, Dept. of Far Eastern Studies, Cornell D., Ithaca, New York, Dec. 1961.3 P. A. Lanyon-Orgill, Ope cit., p. I, 2.

laikaman (2) de n shakawn ai n nga lu anhte jawm · 1 2017 volume iii, no. vestablished 2015....

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