land cover land use change research in...

NASA LCLUC Science Meeting, Khon Kaen, 2009.1.12~17 1/30

Land Cover Land Use Change Research in Korea

(Land Monitoring Research Project)

2009. 1. 13

Kyu-Sung Lee

Inha UniversityLand Monitoring Research Center (LMRC)

Incheon, KOREA


Land use in Korea

category South North KoreaLand use (km2)

• Forest

• Cropland

• Other

99,392

65,711(66.8%)

21,248(21.4%)

12,433(12.5%)

122,762

94,772(77.2%)

21,238(17.3%)

6,752(5.5%)

222,154

160,483(72.2%)

42,486(19.1%)

19,185(8.6%)

Population(% in urban)

48.4 mil.81%

23.9 mil.63%

72.2 mil.75%


Land use change


LCLUC in Korea

high demand for urban and industrial uses gradual decrease in cropland and forest large scale land reclamation on tidal flat recent increase of natural disasters (flooding, fire) don’t know much about the status in North Korea

1992 1999


6400

6410

6420

6430

6440

6450

6460

are

a (

10

00

ha

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Minimal change rate, but gradual decrease - urbanization- industrial use- transportation, reservoir- recreational use (golf course) etc…

1650

1700

1750

1800

1850

1900

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1) Forest & Cropland

Forest Crop land


Increasing disasters- forest fire- flooding- drought- forest insect & disease- landslide



• NDVI monitoring• Vegetation health (insect, disease, pollution)• Primary productivity• Diversity• etc…



2) Tidal flat (Kyongki Bay )

large scale land reclamation. crop land. Residential. Transportation. industrial complex. etc…

1992


year area%

(1973년기준)1973 1080.37 ㎢ 100.00 %

1979 995.35 ㎢ 92.13 %1986 950.86 ㎢ 88.01 %1991 883.02 ㎢ 81.73 %1999 712.72 ㎢ 65.97 %

2) Tidal flat (Kyongki Bay )

direct factor. tidal movement. reclamation

consequences of inlandland use change

. sediment loading

. development


3) Deforestation in North Korea



Food shortage

Erosion & flooding

Forest to cropland

Lowproductivity

Overexploitation of

mountainous forests


1973 1984 1993


1973 1984 19933,733.7 3,638.6 3,246.8

Conversion of forest to crop land (13% decrease)

(km2)


Between 2000 KOMPSAT image and 1981 forest map

2000 KOMPSAT EOCDigitized 1981 vector map showing forest boundary



Deforestation near Kaesung Area

About 20% of forest land were cleared since 1981

two types of deforestation – Urban expansion– Enlargement for the

crop cultivation



- 250 x 4 km2 buffer zone- No(?) human interference after Korean War- high biodiversity- natural conversion of cropland to others

forest (75.5%)crop ( 2.8%)grass (20.3%)bare soil ( 0.1%)water ( 0.2%)

4) DMZ


Land Monitoring R&D Project

• Government supported R&D project• 2008 ~ 2011• More than 10 million US$• about 200 people

• 15 universities• 8 research organizations• 7 companies

• Land Monitoring Research Center (LMRC) was established at the Inha University

• Continuous & Real-time monitoring methodology


Background of the Land Monitoring Project

Need for comprehensive information sources for land monitoring

• Periodic and near-real time monitoring information

• Combining diverse sources of land monitoring data

Improvement in remote- and in-situ sensing technologies• Earth Observation Satellites (KOMPSAT series)• New airborne sensors • Development of in-situ Sensors• high speed communication technologies

• Integration of remote- and in-situ sensing data


Localization of MODIS Products

Existing MODIS receiving stations Near real-time automatic image transmission thru high-speed network

(KREONet) Image receiving on FTP data server within 30 min. Automatic data processing of level 2.0 & monitoring algorithms

- Storage(6TByte)- Server(dual Xeon Quad-Core CPU)

Database Server

- Server (dual Xeon Quad-Core CPU)

Data Processing Server

MODIS Receiving Station

INHA Univ.

KREONet

Gigabit Network


• High spatial resolution (250m)• Reflectance• NDVI• LAI• Fire• Land cover• Etc…



Field-measured LAI vs. MODIS LAI (Rice paddy)

Seeding (late April)

Harvesting (September)

Growing season (150 days)

Under-estimation?



Own NPP vs. MODIS NPP

1km 기준순생산량 1km MODIS 순생산량

기준토지피복도(30m)초지

혼효림

침엽수

활엽수

농경지

색상피복분류

기준토지피복도(1km) MODIS 토지피복도(30m)



• MODIS-based Change Detection• Detect dramatic and sudden changes

– Urbanization and disasters (fire, flood etc.)

– Pixel vs. pixel comparison

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

5

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50646&385

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Ref

lect

ance

(%)

year 2005year 2007

Urbanized pixel (판교)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

5

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501218&19

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Ref

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ance

(%)

year 2005year 2007

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50646&281

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(%)

year 2005year 2007

Unchanged pixel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

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lect

ance

(%)

year 2005year 2007

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110

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lect

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year 2005year 2007

2005년 4월 5일양양산불지역 pixel

변화지역으로판단되는 pixel의 reflectance 변화

22



May 2005 MOD14- no. of actual fires : 40- fires on MODIS product: 32- correct detection: 7- false alarm: 25

Detection accuracy: 17.5% False alarm ratio: 78.1%

2005년 4월 5일 MYD14영상

Small-scle fire Detection

Localized fire detection method • active fires + burned area• sub-pixel fire detection



UAV-based real-time aerial image acquisition system

Output

Input

DSM/DEMorthoimage

UAV Platform

sensor

electronics

Laser ScannerDigital CameraGPSIMU

storagetransmissionstabilizationintegration

storage

communicationGeoreferencingOrtho-rectification

관측대상

• To provide geo-referenced aerial image in real-time


: Waiting Status: Gateway Server: Active Status

IP/Sensor Router IP Device

LoWPAN-Extended IP Network

IP Network

LoWPAN-Extended IP Network

In-situ sensing by USN


Smart Sensor Web

Sap Flow Sensor Array

MinirhizotronArray

Multiparameter Soil Probes

‘Smart Dust’ tagged Insects

Automated E-tongue

Sensor Clustered MEMS Insects

RF Telemetry Macro-organisms

Micro-weather Stations

E-nose

In-situ sensing by USN

http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/hort/faculty/lakso/RootImage/RootImagesLarge/MiniRhizoTubeLarge.jpg�

http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ronf/MFI/FIGURES/flyv4.jpg�


동영상수집서버

직접동영상수집서버

실시간변환서버

컨트롤서버

저장서버 Storage

영상저장

웹서버

실시간스트리밍서버

VOD스트리밍서버

VOD(파일)다운로드서버

동영상관리 동영상제공동영상수집

공공영상정보통합서비스플랫폼

동영상변환/전송모듈

동영상수요기관MetaData

영상제공기관

통합영상정보서비스

In-situ sensing by ground CCTV

Millions of CCTV

cameras


In-situ sensing by vehicle mounted sensors

위치기반동영상

모바일GateWay

실시간환경정보수집센서

온도,습도,UV,조도,PM-10,O3,SO2,NO2,CO

실시간교통정보수집

CCTV


Integration of remote- and in-situ sensing

Topographic sensor

Environmental sensor

Mobile sensor soil probe

testbed

Spaceborne sensorAirborne sensor

Periodic/real-time land monitoring

Integration

Remote sensing

In-situsensing


• LCLUC in Korea is mostly human induced. • Urbanization and industrialization are two major driving

factors.• Real-time monitoring of LCLUC is the urgent need. • Government-supported projects are oriented to technology

developments. • Increased interest of LCLUC over the North Korea.

• Overexploitation of mountainous forest• Flooding & erosion

• R&D focused on real-time land monitoring methodology

Conclusions


Thank you!

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