land management and conservation 14-3 3/08. keeping rural lands free from urbanization and in good...
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Land Management and Conservation 14-3
3/08
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• Keeping rural lands free from urbanization and in good shape is important because of the environmental services they provide
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Farmland
• US 100 billion hectares of prime farmland
• Much of it was at one time prairie or forest
• Threats – urban development and erosion
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Farmland Protection
• 1996 Farmland Protection Program
• Williamson Act – California 1965 specifies land as agricultural for less taxes
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Rangeland
• Includes grassland, shrublands and deserts
• Most commonly used for grazing
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Threats
• Overgrazing
• Results in erosion
• Changes in the plant community
• Desertification
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Conservation
• Public Rangelands Improvement Act 1978
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Methods
• Kill invasive plants• Plant Native
species• Manage livestock• Provide for
dispersed watering for livestock
• Fence riparian areas
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Forest Lands
• Provide Wood products and paper
• Habitat for many species
• Produce Oxygen and use carbon Dioxide
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• Worldwide – 1800 cubic centimeters of wood used per day
• In US almost 3.5 times that amount
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Classification of Forest Lands
• Virgin forest – never cut
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• Native Forest – Planted and Managed
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• Tree Farms – Land cleared and trees planted in rows
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Harvesting Methods
• Clear Cutting
• Selective cutting
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Deforestation
• Forest cleared to make farmland or to expand urbanization
• Loss of habitat and erosion of soil
Amazon deforestation
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Reforestation
• Replanting of trees or allowing natural succession to take place
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Parks and Preserves
• 1850 Yellowstone – first National Park
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In United States
• National Parks• National Forests• National Wildlife
Refuges• Bureau of Land
Management• State Parks, Forests
and Preserves• Private Conservancies
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Worldwide
• United Nation – Man and the Biosphere Program
• Set up hundreds of preserves worldwide – include people
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US Wilderness Act 1964
• Ecosystems protected from all exploitation
• Benefits – species diversity
• Recreation
• Science