land use for bioenergy: synergies and trade-offs
TRANSCRIPT
The IEA Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) is organised under the auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous.
Views, findings and publications of the IEA Bioenergy TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or its individual member countries.
Land use for bioenergy: synergies and trade-offs
Floor van der Hilst, Utrecht University
Co-Chair IEA Bioenergy T45, WP2 lead
IEA Bioenergy Conference 30 November 2021
www.ieabioenergy.com2
Ivan Vera, Birka Wicke, Patrick Lamers, Annette Cowie, Anna Repo, Bas Heukels, Colleen Zumpf, David Styles, Esther Parish, Francesco Cherubini, Göran Berndes, Henriette Jager, Luis Schiesari, Martin Junginger, Miguel Brandão, Niclas Scott Bentsen, Vassilis Daioglou, Zoe Harris and Floor van der Hilst
Joint effort
www.ieabioenergy.com3
The Role of bioenergy
• We need deep GHG emission
reduction and negative emissions
• Bioenergy is required to meet
these objectives
IPCC, 2018
www.ieabioenergy.com4
• Many sustainability concerns of
bioenergy
• Main concerns are related to the use
of land for dedicated energy crops
• Land plays a critical role in meeting
various SDGs
• Bioenergy part of the problem or the
solution?
• Synergies and Trade-offs
• Context specific
Sustainability concerns
www.ieabioenergy.com5
Aim
LAND USE FOR
DEDICATED
ENERGY CROPS13CLIMATE
ACTION
Overview synergies and trade-offs
between impacts of land use for
dedicated energy crop production on
SDGs and identify the context specific
factors that affect these outcomes.
- GHG emission reduction focus
- Only dedicated energy crops
www.ieabioenergy.com6
• 427 observations
• 170 synergies
• 176 trade-offs
• 81 no effect
Important:
Numbers do not represent
intensity of the relation
Synergies and trade-offs
www.ieabioenergy.com7
Soil quality
Biodiversity
Forest conservation
Synergies and trade-offs
cWater availability
Water quality
cAlbedo
Adaptation
www.ieabioenergy.com8
Farmers’ income
Job creation
Synergies and trade-offs
cRecreation
Esthetics
cCompetition for land
www.ieabioenergy.com9
• Context specific factors determine whether a synergy or a trade-off occurs
• Previous land use
• Feedstock type
• Biophysical conditions (soil type and climate)
• Most information available for environment-related SDGs
• Life on land
• Clean water and sanitation
• Climate action
Context-specific conditions
www.ieabioenergy.com10
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Not specified
Land already in use
Mix
Forest
Natural and semi natural areas
Arable
Pasture
Marginal lands
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
Previous land use
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Not specified
Land already in use
Mix
Forest
Natural and semi natural areas
Arable
Pasture
Marginal lands
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
www.ieabioenergy.com11
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sugarcrops
Oil palm
Annual crops
SRC
Perennial grasses
Forestry
Perennials Mix
Crops mix
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sugarcrops
Oil palm
Annual crops
SRC
Perennial grasses
Forestry
Perennials Mix
Crops mix
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
Feedstock type
www.ieabioenergy.com12
-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Cool temperate moist
Cool temperate dry
Tropical moist
Tropical wet
Warm temperate dry
Warm temperate moist
Scale
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
Climate region
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sugarcrops
Oil palm
Annual crops
SRC
Perennial grasses
Forestry
Perennials Mix
Crops mix
Trade-offs Synergies
Water quality - 6.3
Water use and efficiency - 6.4
Strengthen resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters - 13.1
Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution - 14.1
Biodiversity conservation - 15.1
Sustainable forest management/halt deforestation - 15.2
Soil quality - 15.3
www.ieabioenergy.com13
• Almost an equal number of synergies and trade-offs were found, but:
• Most synergies were found for:• perennial crops
• on marginal land
• cool temperate moist climate
• high activity clay soils
• Most trade-offs were found for:
• When natural areas are used for dedicated energy crops; disregarding feed stock, climate, soil
condition
• Synergies were mostly found for Mostly trade offs found for
• To maximize synergies and avoid trade-offs It is key to consider contextual conditions.
Discussion and conclusion
www.ieabioenergy.com14
• The geographical level of assessment and the scale highly effect the outcomes
• Land use is an interplay of all land use functions
• Time dimension
• Next step: quantify synergies and trade-offs under context specific conditions
• Allows for informed decision making
Next steps
