language and communication (2nd edition)
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Ch. 4 Real Communication by O'Hair and Wiemann Language and CommunicationTRANSCRIPT
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LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATIONReal Communication by Dan O’Hair and Mary Weimann
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LANGUAGEWhat is language?
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LANGUAGE
A word is a symbol or a sign for something which forms a language.
Words have multiple meanings.
Denotative meaning is a basic and acceptable definition.
Connotative meaning is the emotional or response that people have to it.
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LANGUAGE
Cognitive language is the language we use to describe people, things, or situations in our mind.
This is related to our thoughts, attitudes, co-cultures, the society in which we live.
This can influence language and how we form our message.
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GRAMMAR
The system of rules of a language that serves as a way to create words, phrases and sentences.
Language is bound by relational, situational, and cultural context.
To communicate well, you must understand the context as much as the grammar.
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WHAT IS FOCACCE?
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WHAT IS FOCACCE?We need the context...
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FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
Communication Acquisition is learning how to use the words in a language, appropriately and effectively in context.
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FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE
controlling
informing
feeling
imagining
ritualizing
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PROBLEMS WITH LANGUAGE AND MEANING
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PROBLEMS
Hayakawa’s abstraction ladder
language can range from vague to specific
high is very vague
low is very specific
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PROBLEMS
evasion
equivocation
euphemisms
slang
jargon
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PROBLEMS
Semantics is the meaning of words.
Pragmatics is the appropriate use of words.
Use of labels can erase individual differences.
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PROBLEMS
Biased language is infused with subtle meanings that might affect our perceptions.
Being PC-Politically Correct!
facts, opinions, inferences
“Just so you know, we’re on the good side with y’all. We do not want this war, this violence, and we’re ashamed that the President of the United States is from Texas.” Dixie Chicks
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LANGUAGE AND CONTEXT
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Speech repertoires are files of language possibilities.
church
family
friends
work
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Relationships
High language-formal
Low language-informal
How comfortable are you in different situations?
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis says our words influence our thinking.
If there is no word in that language for something, then the culture likely has few thoughts about that concept. (example: dinosaur didn’t exist in Albanian)
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Linguistic determinism-language determines how we see the world around us.
Linguistic relativity-speakers of different languages have different world views.
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
High-context cultures use the context to communicate in subtle ways.
Low-context cultures use direct methods of communicating.
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Gender Roles
Geographic Area
Dialects
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
Accommodation
Code switching and Style switching changes your regular language and slang to fit into a particular group.
You can also change your vocal tone, pitch, rhythm and inflection.
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LANGUAGE BEHAVIORS
In technology our language must be precise.
English is the language of the internet.
Chat rooms and texting also has it’s own language.
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