language description

8/12/2019 language description

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OT SANTONYM:

Language Arts

Antonyms

This article has information on antonyms including the definition of antonyms, examples of words that don't have antonyms, complementary pairs and grada

pairs of antonyms, and choosing from among multiple antonyms, and more.

Antonyms are words that have opposing or nearly opposing meanings in one particular dimension. For example, the antonyms hot/coldare opposite in the

dimension of temperature, while the antonyms fast/sloware opposite in the dimension of velocity.

Because antonyms and synonyms are freuently spo!en about together, the impression could be given that they are uite similar in how they wor!. "n pract

turns out not to be the case. Antonyms are uite different from synonyms in several respects. #ne is that there are fewer antonyms than synonyms. $ost w

have a synonym, even some you might not immediately thin! of when you thin! of synonyms li!e quick/fastor kind/nice. Ta!e a loo! at these%

leopard& feline, Panthera pardus, snow leopard, cheetah

oak& tree, uercus, acorn&bearer

linguini& pasta

Alfred Lord Tennyson& First Baron Tennyson, poet laureate of (ngland in )*+, writer of -The harge of the Light Brigade/
http://www.educationbug.org/c/language-arts.htmlhttp://www.educationbug.org/c/language-arts.html


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But these are examples of words that do not have an antonym though they may have synonyms. There is no antonym of leopardor oakor linguiniorAlfred

Tennyson.

Another difference is that, unli!e with synonyms, there are three explicit types of antonyms% complementary pairs, gradable pairs, and relational pairs 0some

called converse pairs1.

Complementary Pairs of Antonyms

Complementary pairs means that these antonyms words have an exact and un&debatable opposite in some dimension. "n a complementary pair, each anto

can be well&defined as the opposite of the other. 2ere are some examples%

on - off

present - absent

alive - dead

permit - forbid

remember - forget

true - false

3o we can say things li!e, falsemeans -not true/4 forgetmeans -fail to remember/4 absentmeans -not present./ "n addition, in the real world, it is difficult to i

a middle ground between the extremes presented by most of the complementary pair 0no, we5re not going to consider 6ombies71.

Another way to thin! about this is that the antonyms in a complementary pair don5t have a comparative and superlative. 8ou can5t turn something on&er than

and nothing is dead&er than dead.


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Gradable Pairs of Antonyms

9radable pairs are the end points of a range or a cline. #ne can imagine points in between and describe them in words. 3omething can be deeper, newer,

freuent. 3omeone can be thinner, more humble, or noisier.

deep & shallow

near & far

clean & dirty

slowly & uic!ly

freuently & rarely

closely & distantly

sloth & diligence

:oy & sorrow

sleep & insomnia

new & old

simple & complex

noisy & silent

thic! & thin


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humble & vain

full & empty

harsh & lenient

happy & sad

early & late

patient & impatient

Multiple Antonyms

Another thing to !eep in mind when thin!ing about gradable antonyms particularly, is that some words can have more than one antonym. ;epending on the

situation, the antonym of happycould besad, angry, disappointed, or disgruntled. And, depending on the context, antonyms of freshcould include clichd,

moldy, andstandard.!traightpresents a similar situation% it could be the antonym of crooked, cur"ed, deceitful,

This means that if the uality on one end is lessened, it does notfollow that the other is necessarily increased. A person could be less happy without being

sad, for the simple reason that his or her happiness is being diminished by anger rather than sadness.

Relational/Converse Pairs of Antonyms

This set of antonyms loo!s at a particular situation from opposite viewpoints. The antonyms are not opposites, but the converse of each other in the situatio

situational understanding means that someone or something could end up in multiple pairs of relationship antonyms. The same person could be child to a p

student to a teacher, and employee to an employer.

parent - cild


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teacer - student

!inner - loser

male - female

singular - plural

above - belo!

before - after

beind - in front of

buy - sell

give - receive/take

speak - listen

usband - !ife

emigrate - immigrate

employer - employee

Antonym "ormation

#ne important thing to remember in forming antonyms pairs is to ma!e sure the two words are parallel. An antonym pairing li!e despaired/hopefulhas suc

captured the contrast between despair and hope but has failed to put them in parallel forms. The pair should either be both past tense verbs% despaired/hop


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ad:ectives despairing/hopeful. "f you do exercises or tests with adverbs, using a non&parallel word may well be one of the ways a multiple choice answer will

mislead you.

Antonyms in Conte#t

eople =hold their tongues= when they are in situations where they want to tal!, but it would be better if they didn't. 3o, while their tongue is ready to do

some tal!ing, they =hold= it and don't say anything.

(very language has idioms, and they can be difficult to learn if you are not a native spea!er of that language.

The best thing to do is to have conversations with native spea!ers and as! them about phrases that you don't understand. 3ince idioms are influenced

by the culture, learning the idioms of a language can be very interesting and enlightening7


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SYNONYM:

Synonym

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation

, search

This article does not citeanyreferences or sources. Please help improve this articleby adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged

andremoved. (November 2011)

ynonym list incuneiformon a clay tablet,!eo"#ssyrianperiod. $ef:%.&'().

Synonymsare *ords *ith identical or similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy.

The *ord comes from #ncient +reeksyn-/

0 1*ith10 and onoma /234

0 1name10. The *ords carand automobileare synonyms. imilarly, if *e talk about a

long timeor an extended time, longand extendedbecome synonyms. 5n the figurative sense, t*o *ords are often said to be synonymous if they have the same

connotation:

1a *idespread impression that... 6olly*ood *as synonymous *ith immorality1 7oris %earns +ood*in0

ynonyms can be anypart of speechsuch as nouns

,verbs,ad8ectives

,adverbsorprepositions

0, as long as both members of the pair are the same part of speech. 6ere

are more e9amples of nglish synonyms:

verb

o 1buy1 and 1purchase1

ad8ective

o 1big1 and 1large1

adverb

o 1;uickly1 and 1speedily1

preposition

o 1on1 and 1upon1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrianhttp://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=308401&partid=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_languagehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BDhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%84%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%84%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepositionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Library_of_Ashurbanipal_synonym_list_tablet.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Synonym&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuneiformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Assyrianhttp://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=308401&partid=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_languagehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%83%CF%8D%CE%BDhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BD%84%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Kearns_Goodwinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Part_of_speechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nounhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjectivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preposition


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!ote that synonyms are defined *ith respect to certain senses of *ords< for instance,pupilas the "aperture in the iris of the eye"is not synonymous *ithstudent.

imilarly, he expiredmeans the same as he died, yet my passport has expiredcannot be replaced by my passport has died.

5n nglish, many synonyms evolved from the parallel use, in the early medieval period, of!orman Frenchfrom =atin0 and >ld nglish #nglo"a9on0 *ords, often

*ith some *ords being used principally by the a9onpeasantry "folk", "freedom", "bowman"0 and their synonyms by the !orman nobility "people", "liberty",

"archer"0.

ome le9icographersclaim that no synonyms have e9actly the same meaning in all conte9ts or social levels of language0 because etymology, orthography,phonic

;ualities, ambiguous meanings, usage, etc. make them uni;ue. 7ifferent *ords that are similar in meaning usually differ for a reason:felineis more formal than catne made po*erless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic, or stress.

"#eat around the bush" To treat a topic, but omit its main points, often intentionally or To delay or avoid talking about something difficult or unpleasant.

"#ite off more than one can

chew"To take on more responsibility than you can manage.
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Notable Idioms In (n"lish

Idiom Definition)Translation

"#ite the bullet" To endure a painful or unpleasant situation that is unavoidable.

"#ite the dust" uphemismfor dying or death.

"#reak a leg" # saying from the theatrethat means 1good luck.1

"#urn the midnight oil" To *ork late into the night, alluding to the time before electric lighting.

"#ust one!s chops" To say things intended to harass.

"#y the seat of one!s pants" To achieve through instinct or do something *ithout advance preparation.

"#y the skin of one!s teeth" !arro*ly< barely. Usually used in regard to a narro* escape from a disaster.

"$all it a day" To declare the end of a task.

"$hew the fat" To chat idly or generally *aste time talking.

"$hink in one!s armor" #n area of vulnerability"$lam up" To become silent< to stop talking, to shut up.

"$old shoulder" To display aloofness and disdain.

"$ut a rug" uphemismfor dancing.

"$ut the mustard" To succeed< to come up to e9pectations.

"%on!t have a cow" 7on?t overreact.

"%rop a dime" Aake a telephone call< to be an informant.

"&it as a fiddle" 5n good physical health.

"&or a song" #lmost free. Hery cheap.

"&rom to '" Govering a complete range< comprehensively.

"et bent out of shape" +etting *orked up, aggravated, or overly annoyed at something that usually cannot be helped.

"it the road" To leave.

"it the sack"IsheetsIhay To go to bed.

"(*ake a) +ick at the can" Aake an attempt, or produce an initial documentIdesignIideaIetc.
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Notable Idioms In (n"lish

Idiom Definition)Translation

"+ick the bucket" uphemismfor dying or death.

",ff one!s trolley"or

",ff one!s rocker" GraCy, demented, out of one?s mind, in a confused or befuddled state of mind, senile.

"-op one!s clogs"U%0 uphemismfor dying or death.

"-iece of cake " # 8ob, task or other activity that is pleasant @ or, by e9tension, easy or simple.

"-ushing up daisies" uphemismfor dying or death.

".ight as rain" !eeded, appropriate, essential, or hoped"for and has come to mean perfect, *ell, absolutely right.

"/crew the pooch" To scre* up< to fail in dramatic and ignominious fashion.

"/hoot the breee" To chat idly or generally *aste time talking.

"/leep with the fishes" uphemismfor dying or death.

"/plit the whistle" To arrive 8ust on time.

"*ake the biscuit (+)" To be particularly bad, ob8ectionable, or egregious.

"*ake the cake (/)" To be especially good or outstanding.

"*hrough thick and thin" Both good and bad times.

"*rip the light fantastic" uphemismfor dancing.

"nder the weather" Feel sick or poorly

*(+IST(*:

re"ister%imensions of .egister ariation3 $ross45inguistic $omparison, by 7ouglas Biber Gambridge University Press, E)0

Definition:

5nlinguistics, one of many styles or varieties of languagedetermined by such factors as social occasion, purpose, and audience.
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Aore generally, registeris also used to indicate degrees of formality in language use.

(tymolo"y:

From the =atin, 1record1

(,amles and Obser$ations:

1very native speakeris normally in command of several different language styles, sometimes called re"isters, *hich are varied according to the topic under

discussion, the formality of the occasion, and the medium used speech,*riting, or sign0.

1#dapting language to suit the topic is a fairly straightfor*ard matter. Aany activities have a specialiCed vocabulary. 5f you are playing a ball game, you need

to kno* that ?Cero? is a duckin cricket, lovein tennis, and nilin soccer. 5f you have a drink *ith friends in a pub, you need to kno* greetings such as: $heers6

ere!s to your good health6

1>ther types of variation are less clearcut. The same person might utter any of the follo*ing three sentences, depending on the circumstances:

7 should be grateful if you would make less noise8

-lease be 9uiet8

/hut up6

6ere the utterances range from a highor formal style, do*n to a lowor informal one""and the choice of a high or lo* style is partly a matter of politeness.1

J. #itchison, *each :ourself 5inguistics. 6odder, DKK'0

1=ike variation in our manner of dress, stylistic variations in language cannot be 8udged as appropriate or not *ithout reference to the participants in the

interchange i.e., speaker and listener or reader and *riter0. For e9ample, you *ould not speak to a )"year"old child, an intimate friend, and a professor usingthe same style of speech. Using the term eleemosynary?charitable? *ould probably be inappropriate for the child and the friend, *hile using number one

?urinate? *ould probably be inappropriate for the friend and the professor.1

F. Parker and %. $iley,5inguistics for Non45inguists, E&0

1-*.e"isterfeatures are corele9icaland grammaticalcharacteristics found to some e9tent in almost all te9ts and registers. . . .
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1#ny linguistic feature having a functional or conventional association can be distributed in a *ay that distinguishes among registers. uch features come

from many linguistic classes, including: phonological features pauses, intonation patterns0, tense and aspect markers, pronouns and pro"verbs, ;uestions,

nominal forms nouns, nominaliCations, gerunds0, passive constructions, dependent clauses complement clauses, relative clauses, adverbial subordination0,

prepositional phrases, ad8ectives, adverbs, measures of le9ical specificity once"occurring *ords, type"token ratio0, le9ical classes hedges, emphatics,

discourse particles, stance markers0, modals, specialiCed verb classes speech act verbs, mental process verbs0, reduced forms contractions, that"deletions0,

co"ordination, negation, and grammatical devices for structuring information clefts, e9traposition0.

1# comprehensive linguistic analysis of a register re;uires consideration of a representative selection of linguistic features. #nalyses of these register features

are necessarily ;uantitative, because the associated register distinctions are based on differences in the relative distribution of linguistic features.1

7ouglas Biber,%imensions of .egister ariation3 $ross45inguistic $omparison. Gambridge Univ. Press, E)0

/ronunciation: $6"8e"ster

?egister 0sociolinguistics1From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

For the phonological term, see $egister phonology0.

5nlinguistics, a re"isteris a varietyof alanguageused for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting. For e9ample, *hen speaking in a formal setting an

nglishspeaker may be more likely to adhere more closely toprescribed grammar, pronounce *ords ending in "ing *ith a velar nasalinstead of an alveolar nasal

e.g. 1*alking1, not 1*alkin?10, choose more formal *ords e.g.fathervs. dad;childvs. kid;etc.0, and refrain from using the *ordain!t, than *hen speaking in an

informal setting.

#s *ith other types of language variation, there tends to be a spectrum of registers rather than a discrete set of obviously distinct varieties @ there is a countlessnumber of registers that could be identified, *ith no clear boundaries. 7iscourse categorisation is a comple9 problem, and even in the general definition of 1register1

given above language variation defined by use not user0, there are cases *here other kinds of language variation, such as regional or age dialect, overlap. #s a result

of this comple9ity, there is far from consensus about the meanings of terms like 1register1, 1field1 or 1tenor1< different *riters? definitions of these terms are often in

direct contradiction of each other. #dditional terms such as diatype, genre, te9t types, style, acrolect, mesolectandbasilectamong many others may be used to coverthe same or similar ground. ome prefer to restrict the domain of the term 1register1 to a specific vocabulary Wardhaugh, ELM0 *hich one might commonly call

8argon0, *hile others argue against the use of the term altogether. These various approaches *ith their o*n 1register1 or set of terms and meanings fall under

disciplines such as sociolinguistics,stylistics,pragmaticsor systemic functional grammar.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(phonology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(phonology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_and_descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain'thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain'thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_typeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrolecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmaticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmaticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmaticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_functional_grammarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Register_(phonology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prescription_and_descriptionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velar_nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_nasalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain'thttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_typeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrolecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jargonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociolinguisticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylistics_(linguistics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmaticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic_functional_grammar


15/25

ASSI+NM(NT 0 : 1i2 (SSAY

Title % omparison between poor and rich society

$eference % http:II***.oppapers.comIessaysIGompare"Bet*een"Poor"Poeple"#nd"$ichIMEE)K&

A*TI34(

"n this world, we have 0A)1 upper class and lowerclass people. 3ome of them are 0A@1 rich and the other are poor and that5s why we have 0A1

different living in this world. 2owever we can be rich from different ways such as wor!ing hard and ma!e an excellent use of money. Therefore, this

world is full of different classes of people due to the family bac!ground, environment and self&wor!.

$ost li!ely the first thought that comes to mind when thin!ing of what it means to be in an upper or lower class society is the financial status of the two

groups. $oney does not mean everything. "n comparing them, one must go into same deeper topics, the morality of both classes, the lifestyle, the way

they carry themselves in today's society. An excellent way to compare and contrast the lifestyles of the rich and poor are to focus on farmers. 2ighclass and lower class farmers wor!ed on the fields together. The low class farmers lived in 0A1smallhouses dispersed in 0A+1village. Cnsurprisingly,

the rich lived in huge houses. Dealthy farmers had0AE1 strong oxen to pull their carts. #n the contrary poor farmers used wooden hand tools and

watered their fields. Both classes also l ived in the city, which were places for government, education, trade and entertainment buildings.

?ich people should be 0A1responsible in helping poor people because simply they are in need. Dea! nations are in need of food supplies, shelters,

and other ma:or stuff that would ma!e them 0A*1 happy. There are many good ways to help people such as giving them food, money or even sit with

them.

There are many 0AG1 advantagesand disadvantages when helping poor nations. (verything has 0A)1 positives and negatives, one of theadvantages of helping poor nations is that you draw happiness in the poor's faces. 2owever, there are disadvantages li!e helping poor people too

much will maybe let poor people to completely depend on the rich donator. Also, they will be irresponsibleor find their way to get money. "n

conclusion, poor nations need support from rich nations. De might feel sad if they suffered in starvation. 3o, the rich should consider about it and

always lend a hand to the poor nations.
http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Compare-Between-Poor-Poeple-And-Rich/611504http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Compare-Between-Poor-Poeple-And-Rich/611504


16/25

%ssayA&T'&(M)

*'R+ 'PP')$T%

"n this world, we have 0A)1 upper class and lowerclass people. 3ome of them are 0A@1 rich and the other are

poor and that5s why we have 0A1 different living in this world. 2owever we can be rich from different ways such

as wor!ing hard and ma!e an excellent use of money. Therefore, this world is full of different classes of people

due to the family bac!ground, environment and self&wor!.

$ost li!ely the first thought that comes to mind when thin!ing of what it means to be in an upper or lower class

society is the financial status of the two groups. $oney does not mean everything. "n comparing them, one must

go into same deeper topics, the morality of both classes, the lifestyle, the way they carry themselves in today's

society. An excellent way to compare and contrast the lifestyles of the rich and poor are to focus on farmers.

2igh class and lower class farmers wor!ed on the fields together. The low class farmers lived in 0A1small

houses dispersed in 0A+1village. Cnsurprisingly, the rich lived in huge houses. Dealthy farmers had0AE1 strong

oxen to pull their carts. #n the contrary poor farmers used wooden hand tools and watered their fields. Both

classes also lived in the city, which were places for government, education, trade and entertainment buildings.

?ich people should be 0A1responsible in helping poor people because simply they are in need. Dea! nations

are in need of food supplies, shelters, and other ma:or stuff that would ma!e them 0A*1 happy. There are many

good ways to help people such as giving them food, money or even sit with them.

There are many 0AG1 advantagesand disadvantages when helping poor nations. (verything has 0A)1 positives

and negatives, one of the advantages of helping poor nations is that you draw happiness in the poor's faces.

2owever, there are disadvantages li!e helping poor people too much will maybe let poor people to completely

depend on the rich donator. Also, they will be irresponsibleor find their way to get money. "n conclusion, poor

nations need support from rich nations. De might feel sad if they suffered in starvation. 3o, the rich should

consider about it and always lend a hand to the poor nations.

A). upper lower

A@. rich poor

A. different same

A. small huge

A+. village city

AE. strong wea!

A. responsible irresponsible

A*. happy sad

AG. advantages disadvantages

A). positives negatives

ASSI+NM(NT 0 : 1ii2 /O(M


17/25

Title : "f, by Hoseph ?udyard


18/25

ASSI+NM(NT 0 : 1iii2 IDIOMATI3 (5/*(SSIONS

$eference s0: http:IIstaff.&8.lane.eduINholteIDKK'*ebsiteIidiomsOstoriesIlisaOidiomOstory.html

Short story

Alyson's (ssay by Lisa D.

3ettle down,/ said $s. Bingo, -school isn't over yet7/ Alyson's sixth grade class was celebrating because they had only two hours of school left before

winter brea!. -Before we leave, " would li!e to give you your homewor! assignment to do over winter brea!./ The class groaned.-De will spend the

next hour starting your essays -The essay is going to be on an assigned sub:ect. Tyler's is the 9reat 3alt La!e. $arissa% i!ings. Alyson% (dward

9rover. (mma's is the ?edwoods . . . .=

(dward 9rover . . . (dward 9rover . . . -Dho5s thatMMMM/ Alyson had never even heard of him7/-Alyson, Alyson,/ $s. Bingo's face loomed into view,/ " !now (dward 9rover will be a tough nut to crac!, but you will find that he invented many great

things7/

-8eah, but finding information on him will be li!e finding a needle in a haystac!. "5ll bite the dust in this pro:ect7/ whined Alyson.

-All right, " will give you a different one, but !eep it under your hat. 2ow does Bran $onistat soundM/

-#n second thought, "5ll stic! with (dward 9rover,/ sighed Alyson.

As soon as she got home, Alyson told her mom about the problem. #ver the first few days, Alyson left no stone unturned and went to four different

libraries, but all of them were either out of the inventor boo!s or had never had them. Finally her dad told her she was probably 0"()1 bar!ing up the

wrong tree. 3o Alyson stayed up late surfing the net and 0"(@1 burning the midnight oil. 2er sister tried to help by telling her that 0"(1 every cloud has

a silver lining

#n the last day, Alyson's friend


19/25

Alyson wor!ed 0"(+1 At the eleventh hour in order to finish her wor!. 3he was up against the wall, but she finally got it done. And at school the next

morning when as!ed about her pro:ect, she grinned and said, -#h, it was a bowl of cherries./

&o, 'R$G$&AL )%&T%&C%$+$'MAT$C %PR%))$'&)

&%*L( C'&)TR.CT%+ )%&T%&C%%PR%))$'& M%A&$&G

"()Finally her dad told her she was probably 0"()1bar!ing up the wrong tree.

0"()1 bar!ing up thewrong tree

$a!ing a mista!e or afalse assumption insomething a persontrying to achieve.

"f he is planning to go to Law school, he5s bar!ingup the wrong treeby studying medicine.

"(@ 3o Alyson stayed up late surfing the net and0"(@1 burning the midnight oil. 0"(@1 burning themidnight oil To wor! late into thenight. $ariam is burning the midnight oil to finish herassignment for tomorrow.

"(2er sister tried to help by telling her that 0"(1every cloud has a silver lining.

0"(1 every cloud hasa silver lining

(very bad situationhas some goodaspect to it.

" lost my :ob last wee!, but every cloud has asilver lining and now " have time to visit my familyin Australia7

"(


20/25

ASSI+NM(NT 0 : 1i$2 *(+IST(*S

Title : #utdoor activities0advertisement1$eference :http:II***.citytrans.com.myItransportOserviceImalaysianOoutdoorOactivities.asp

&o, T(P% '" T%T &', R%G$)T%R .)%+ $& T%T

)

Live the nature

Travelling, for some people, is all about discovering new places, while for others relaxation

is a top priority.8ou can try 0T?)1mountain bi!ing if you love the feel of the wind on your

face while pedalling through untamed paths, then you should go on a bi!e tour towards

Borneo. This is because the rugged terrains in this part of the country are the epitome of

blood&pumping adventure. 2ence, you have to explore it to find out for yourself7 These are

the perfect places to go to if your idea of adventure is to endure hours of torturous climbs in

biting cold temperatures. (ast $alaysia is a terrific place for 0T?@1 :ungle tre!!ing. The

ar! in 3abah provides a good site for highland and 0T?1mountain

hi!ing. For adrenaline :un!ies and water sports lovers, try white water rafting. Families can

en:oy a family day out at 3ungai Ana! Helai, >ahang, where the river has very small roughareas and is ideal for family rafting. "ntermediate paddlers can try 3ungai 3ung!ai in >era!,

about @ hours north of


21/25

Title : >opular diseases in $alaysia$eference :http%IIwww.indexmundi.comImalaysiaIma:orJinfectiousJdiseases.html

&o, T(P% '" T%T &', R%G$)T%R .)%+ $& T%T

@

Beware of diseaseThe ris! to an individual traveler varies considerably by the specific location, visit duration,

type of activities, type of accommodations and time of year. ;iseases are organi6ed into the

following six exposure categories shown in italics and listed in typical descending order of

ris!. 0T@?)1African Trypanosomiasis is caused by the parasitic proto6oa Trypanosoma4

transmitted to humans via the bite of bloodsuc!ing Tsetse flies4 infection leads to malaise

and irregular fevers and, in advanced cases when the parasites invade the central nervous

system, coma and death. 0T@?@1utaneous Leishmaniasis is caused by the parasitic

proto6oa leishmania4 transmitted to humans via the bite of sandflies4 results in s!in lesions

that may become chronic4 endemic in ** countries4 GN of cases occur in "ran, Afghanistan,

3yria, 3audi Arabia, Bra6il, and >eru. 0T@?1>lague is bacterial disease transmitted by fleas

normally associated with rats4 person&to&person airborne transmission also possible4 recent

plague epidemics occurred in areas of Asia, Africa, and 3outh America associated with rural

areas or small towns and vil lages. 0T@?1rimean&ongo hemorrhagic fever is tic!&borne

viral disease4 infection may also result from exposure to infected animal blood or tissue4

geographic distribution includes Africa, Asia, the $iddle (ast, and (astern (urope4 sudden

onset of fever, and headache. 0T@?+1?ift alley fever is a viral disease affecting

domesticated animals and humans4 transmission is by mosuito and other biting insects4

infection may also occur through handling of infected meat or contact with blood.

T@?) African Trypanosomiasis

T@?@ utaneous Leishmaniasis

T@? >lague

T@? rimean&ongo hemorrhagic fever

T@?+ ?ift alley fever
http://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/major_infectious_diseases.htmlhttp://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/major_infectious_diseases.htmlhttp://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/major_infectious_diseases.html


22/25

Title : Writing8urnal0

$eference :http%IIwww.u!m.myI:urfpendIguideN@[email protected]

&o, T(P% '" T%T &', R%G$)T%R .)%+ $& T%T

3teps to write manuscripts

Authors should prepare their manuscript according to the guidelines provided in this section.

$anuscripts not prepared according to these guidelines may be returned for revision before

any editorial consideration. $ain 0T?)1 headingshould be used to designate the ma:or

sections of a paper. entre main headings and type in all uppercase letters. Type secondary

headingsflush left using uppercase letters. 0T?@1"llustrations and tables should

supplement the text and not duplicate it. (ach table should have a title, centered at the top

of the table that is proceeded by the word TABL( and its number. Kotes to a table should be

placed below the table. Dhile all charts, graphs, and drawing should be referred to as

figures. 0T?1Footnotes are not recommended. (ndnotes should be used only if absolutely

necessary and must be numbered consecutively throughout the manuscript. #n a separate

page, type the text for endnotes in the order. Lengthy but essential information should be

presented in an 0T?1appendix centered at the top of the page. "f they are multiple

appendixes, label each one alphabetically. "n the text, refer to appendixes by their labels.>rovide each appendix with a title. All entries in the reference list must be cited in text.

0T?+1ite references in text using the author&date method. "f a wor! has two authors,

always cite both names every time the wor! is referred to in the text. "f a wor! has three to

five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs.

T?) 2eading

T?@ "llustrations and tables

T? Footnotes

T? Appendix

T?+ ite references
http://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/guide%20for%20authors.htmlhttp://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/guide%20for%20authors.htmlhttp://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/guide%20for%20authors.html


23/25

Title : (nglish >remier League lub$eference : http%IIwww.guardian.co.u!IfootballI@)@IsepI@Iliverpool&manchester&united&mbm&liveMnewsfeedOtrue

&o, T(P% '" T%T &', R%G$)T%R .)%+ $& T%T

Liverpool v $anchester Cnited P as it happened

There are probably better sides to be facing when you're still loo!ing for your first league win

than 0T?)1$anchester Cnited but that's the challenge facing 0T?@11Liverpool this

afternoon. "t has not been an easy start to life for Brendan ?odgers at Anfield, for while his

side have passed the ball daintily, their approach has not been accompanied by the

reuisite punch up front, a familiar failing for Liverpool. They have only managed three goals

in their first four games and two of those have come from set&pieces, the other from a Titus

Bramble assist. Hust as worrying are the defensive mista!es and the comedy stylings of

>epe the lown in goal.of corporate training, $ilitary education and trainingand business

schools."n homeschoolingand online schools, teaching and learning ta!e place outside of a

traditional school building. 8et 0T?1Tottenhem 2otspur and 0T?1Kewcastle Cnited does

not come into the game yet, following their tie out draw without single goal with La6io and

$aritimo respectively. Besides, they do tend to save their very best form for this fixture.

Cnited, who have not made a wholly convincing start to the season, do not li!e coming to

Anfield. $eanwhile, 0T?+1helsea is still leading in the top of the league table.

T?) $anchester Cnited

T?@ Liverpool

T? Tottenhem 2otspur

T? Kewcastle Cnited

T?+ helsea
http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/sep/23/liverpool-manchester-united-mbm-live?newsfeed=truehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_education_and_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_schoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_schoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschoolinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learninghttp://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/sep/23/liverpool-manchester-united-mbm-live?newsfeed=truehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_education_and_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_schoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_schoolshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeschoolinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning


24/25

Title : Type of drugs$eference : http%IIlistverse.comI@IGI@Itop&)&drugs&and&their&effectsI

&o, T(P% '" T%T &', R%G$)T%R .)%+ $& T%T

+

;rug Abuse

;rug abuse is a very common problem in most countries so it seemed li!e a good topic for a

list. 0T+?)12eroin is an opiate processed directly from the extracts of the opium poppy. "t

was originally created to help cure people of addiction to morphine. 0T+?@1ocaine is a

crystalline tropane al!aloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. "t is both a

stimulant of the central nervous system and an appetite suppressant, giving rise to what has

been described as a euphoric sense of happiness and increased energy.

0T+?1$ethamphetamime, popularly shortened to meth or ice, is a psychostimulant and

sympathomimetic drug. $ethamphetamine enters the brain and triggers a cascading release

of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. 0T+?1Lysergic acid diethylamide, L3;, L3;&

@+, or acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the tryptamine family. Arguably the most

regarded of all psychedelics, it is considered mainly as a recreational drug, an entheogen,

and a tool in use to supplement various types of exercises for transcendence including in

meditation, psychonautics, and illegal psychedelic psychotherapy whether self administered

or not. 0T+?+1(cstasy 0$;$A1 is a semisynthetic psychedelic entactogen of the

phenethylamine family that is much less visual with more stimulant li!e effects than most allother common -trip/ producing psychedelics.

T+?) 2eroin

T+?@ ocaine

T+? $ethamphetamime

T+? Lysergic acid diethylamide

T+?+ (cstasy
http://listverse.com/2007/09/27/top-10-drugs-and-their-effects/http://listverse.com/2007/09/27/top-10-drugs-and-their-effects/


25/25

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANTONYMS

http:II***.oppapers.comIessaysIGompare"Bet*een"Poor"Poeple"#nd"$ichIMEE)K&

SYNONYMS

http%IIwww.girodivite.itIantenatiIxx)secI!iplingIseJenglish.htm

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

http:IIstaff.&8.lane.eduINholteIDKK'*ebsiteIidiomsOstoriesIlisaOidiomOstory.html

REGISTERS

http:II***.citytrans.com.myItransportOserviceImalaysianOoutdoorOactivities.asp

http%IIwww.indexmundi.comImalaysiaIma:orJinfectiousJdiseases.html

http%IIwww.u!m.myI:urfpendIguideN@[email protected]

http%IIwww.guardian.co.u!IfootballI@)@IsepI@Iliverpool&manchester&united&mbm&liveMnewsfeedOtrue

http%IIlistverse.comI@IGI@Itop&)&drugs&and&their&effectsI
http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Compare-Between-Poor-Poeple-And-Rich/611504http://www.girodivite.it/antenati/xx1sec/kipling/se_english.htmhttp://staff.4j.lane.edu/~holte/2003website/idioms_stories/lisa_idiom_story.htmlhttp://www.citytrans.com.my/transport_service/malaysian_outdoor_activities.asphttp://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/major_infectious_diseases.htmlhttp://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/guide%20for%20authors.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/sep/23/liverpool-manchester-united-mbm-live?newsfeed=truehttp://listverse.com/2007/09/27/top-10-drugs-and-their-effects/http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Compare-Between-Poor-Poeple-And-Rich/611504http://www.girodivite.it/antenati/xx1sec/kipling/se_english.htmhttp://staff.4j.lane.edu/~holte/2003website/idioms_stories/lisa_idiom_story.htmlhttp://www.citytrans.com.my/transport_service/malaysian_outdoor_activities.asphttp://www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/major_infectious_diseases.htmlhttp://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/guide%20for%20authors.htmlhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2012/sep/23/liverpool-manchester-united-mbm-live?newsfeed=truehttp://listverse.com/2007/09/27/top-10-drugs-and-their-effects/

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