lanscaping elements and principles

7/25/2019 Lanscaping Elements and Principles

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/lanscaping-elements-and-principles 1/15

ARPL 01

LANDSCAPING ELEMENTS AND

PRINCIPLES

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

Submitted by:



QUINONES IRENE

RAMOS PRINCE JAMES

RAYMUNDO MARY ANTONNETTE

BSA-3A

LANSCAPING ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES

LANSCAPING

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including:

living elements, such as flora or fauna; or what is commonly known to as gardening, the art and craft ofgrowing plants with a goal of creating a beautiful environment within the landscape. Natural elements

such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation, or bodies of water; human elements such

as structures, buildings, fences or other material objects created and/or installed by humans; and

abstract elements such as the weather and lighting conditions.

TYPES OF LANSCAPING:

HARDSCAPING

o

Hardscaping refers to the solid, hard elements in landscape design that stay the

same for years. Examples of hardscape designs are: Patios, Decks, Driveways,Walkways and stairs, Water features, and Retaining walls.

SOFTSCAPING

o

Softscaping is unlike hardscaping in that it doesn’t have that long-term or

permanent quality. You can think of softscape design as it sounds – the “soft”

features. Softscaping includes: Plants, Shrubs and hedges, Flowers, Vines, and

Trees

PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPING

Landscape design principles include:

Emphasis Balance Rhythm

Proportion Order Sequence

Scale Repetition Interconnection

1. EMPHASIS – Dominance and subordination of elements

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather

http://www.fourseasonslandscaping.net/services/softscaping-tree-flowerbed-landscaped-planting



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humans

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_(philosophy)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buildings

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structures

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardening

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism



Emphasis is created as a visual break in the sequence and flow of the landscape.

Emphasis can be achieved through different sizes, bold shapes, groupings, and the

unusual or unexpected.

Emphasis is achieved with the tree being dominant and the shrub grouping being

subordinate.

2.

PROPORTION AND SCALE Proportion is the relationship that exists among the components of a landscape. It also

describes the relationship between the components of the landscape and the landscape

as a whole.

Scale is the human perception of the size of space and form related to the human

dimension.

2 TYPES OF SCALE

ABSOLUTE SCALE - relates to the comparative value of landscape elements to a

fixed structure (house).

In absolute scale, the small trees on the left drawing give the feeling that the house is

large. On the right drawing, the large trees give the feeling that the house is small. Both houses

are the same size.

RELATIVE SCALE - relates to comparative sizes or “values” of objects in thelandscape.



Perception of tree size is based on the relative size of the person. Being emotionally

charged, relative scale can create feelings of action or relaxation.

HIGH SCALE - promotes action. It is used around large buildings and in large spaces

to fill the space. Use of high scale in small spaces makes the space feel smaller.

Here in the fountain area at Butchart Gardens, scale is high with the brightly coloredflowers. The action feeling of high scale helps move people through.

LOW SCALE - is relaxing and calming. It is used in the home landscape to give a

feeling of peace and relaxation.

3. BALANCE

Balance is a design principle defined in terms of weight. It is the equalization of

visual weight from one area of a landscape composition to another.

TYPES OF BALANCE

SYMMETRICAL BALANCE - Symmetrical balance is a formal balance. It is

sometimes referred to as bi-lateral symmetry. Formal balance repeats the

same left and right, giving stability, stateliness, and dignity.



Symmetrical Balance is giving a mirror image from left o right and vice versa.

This type of balance can also help show emphasis on a specific element.

ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE - An asymmetrically balanced design implies equal

weights on either side of the center axis. However, it does not have the “sameness”

on each side.

Informal balance differs from left to right giving curiosity, movement, and feels

alive. It does not show visible balance but showing balance by providing equal

visibility weights.

4. SIMPLICITY

It is an important principle of design, but it is a hard one to achieve. Too many design

themes can be confusing, and unity of design lost, so the design should be kept simple.

Too many different colors, textures, and forms result in visual confusion, and any sense



of design can be ruined. One way to achieve simplicity is by using a limited range of

plant species.

But over simplication is boring, so we have to provide VARIETY, it is for interest and to

focus attention on the desirable aspects of your property.

5. ORDER AND UNITY - Order and unity are emotional and visual reactions to the overall structure

and organization of the design elements.

ORDER - Order is the overall organization and structure of a design. It is the basic

scheme or “skeleton” of the design. Order is created and carried out through thecomposition. Examples of order in a design may be symmetrical versus asymmetrical

balance or a formal versus naturalistic arrangement.



Unity develops from the story line. Here in Jeff de Jong's garden a story line around "sacred

space gardening" creates unity with the feeling of peace and tranquility.

TRANSITION - an edge created from one space ending and another beginning

Two types:

Sharp - occur most often in formal landscapes and form hard edges. An example ofthis landscape design idea is putting a brick mowing strip to break the transition

from the mulch in your planting bed to your lawn.

Gradual

6. RHYTHM

Rhythm describes the dynamic unity or the related, orderly movement that implies

continuity. They are the apparent flow of lines, textures, and colors that express a

feeling of motion rather than confusion.

As shown in the picture, there is a feeling of continuity using rhythm.

7. SEQUENCE

Sequence is the Change or Flow in Form, Color, Texture, and Size Giving Movement or

Life.

SEQUENCE WITH TEXTURE



SEQUENCE WITH COLOR



8.

REPITITION

Repetition involves repeating or using an element more than once throughout a design.

It helps establish and add order and unity to a design. Repetition provides a common

feature throughout the design that pulls the design together.

ELEMENTS OF LANSCAPING - The elements of design are the visual and physical

features of the plant and hardscape components that make up a landscape design. These



features include line, form, texture, and color. A landscape designer uses these features to

enhance the design principles.

LINE COLOR

FORM TEXTURE

1. LINE

Line plays an important role in a landscape. This design element causes physical

and/or visual movement. Line leads the viewer’s eyes through the landscaped

space. It defines and delineates space.

TYPES OF LINE ELEMENTS

VERTICAL LINES - can be used to pull the eye up and make a space feel

larger.

Trees are one example of vertical elements; tall trees could larger visibility of a space.

HORIZONTAL LINES - can make a space feel bigger by pulling the eye

along the ground.



Curved lines could also be a great element to add design and flexibilty on the landscape

2. FORM

Form is the two or three-dimensional shape and structure of an object or space.Whether it is two or three dimensional, form is line surrounding mass. All the

components in a landscape have a distinctive and natural form. The forms of plants

contribute to the total design composition. The basic form of each plant depends on the

plant’s natural growth habit. Some of the more common forms of landscape plants

include round, conical, oval, weeping, horizontal, and upright.



3. TEXTURE

Texture is the surface quality of any plant material or structure in the landscape. It is the

feature of a plant or structure’s physical surface qualities as determined by form and

size.

Generally texture is added to a garden with plants. However, texture can also be created

using hardscape materials. Plant texture refers to the fineness or coarseness, roughness

or smoothness, heaviness or lightness of a particular plant. A plant's flowers, leaves,

bark, and branches all have texture. Using plants with different textures is a great way

to create variety in a garden.

4. COLOR

In landscape design, color is crucial. Color brings a garden to life by adding dimension

and interest. It can be added with plant material or hardscapes, such as paving, walls or

fences. Similar colors can be used to create harmony, while different colors can be used

to create contrast.



What color schemes work for the landscape story line?

Color is the most powerful of the design elements. Choose colors carefully

to create the mood desired in the story line.



QUESTIONAIRE:

ITEMS 1 T0 3: What are the two types of landscaping? Differentiate.

ITEM 4: It is the dominance and subordination of elements.

ITEM 5: Asymmetrical Balance is an example of ______ balance.

ITEM 6: It is applied to avoid over simplification.

ITEM 7: These are the visual and physical features of the plant and hardscape

components that make up a landscape design.

ITEM 8: Draw a tree forming a WEEPING form.

ITEM 9: Using plants with different textures is an example of?

ITEM 10: What color could give the following feelings?



ANSWERS:

ITEMS 1 T0 3: Hardscaping –refers to the solid, hard elements in landscape design that stay the

same for years

Softscaping – is unlike hardscaping in that it doesn’t have that long-term orpermanent quality.

ITEM 4: EMPHASIS

ITEM 5: INFORMAL BALANCE

ITEM 6: VARIETY

ITEM 7: ELEMENTS OF LANDSCAPING

ITEM 8:

ITEM 9: VARIETY

ITEM 10: PURPLE/ VIOLET

lanscaping elements and principles

Documents