Large-Area Imaging Spectroscopic Survey of Near-Infrared Sky

in Space

EAMA10, 2016 September 26-30, Hoam Faculty House, SNU, Seoul

NISS

Science & Technology Satellite Series (KARI) (2000 ~ 2013. 02) 1st, 3rd Satellite: FIMS (2003), MIRIS (2012)

Next Generation of small Satellite Series (SaTReC) (2012 ~ ) 1st Satellite: NISS (Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer)

International collaborations Rocket experiment: CIBER1 & CIBER2

SPHEREx, HiZ-GUNDAM, SPICA …

(Seon et al. 2011)

FIMS: ~40 SCI papers

CIBER1

ST-SAT III

NISS

Space Observation Camera Wavelength: 0.9 ~ 2m − Aperture: 80 mm

Detector FOV: 3.67o x 3.67o (Pixel : 51.6 arcsec)

Telescope & Sensor Temp.: 180K (Passive Cooling), 90K

Filters (5 filters) I (1.05m), H (1.6m) – R~5, blank

Pa (1.876m), Pa Cont (R ~ 50)

Large area imaging survey of NIR sky Large-scale fluctuation of near-IR

excess emission

Dust scattering from WIM

MIRIS FM

PS or spherical

HII region

Higher

contrast

NISS

Large area imaging surveys of near-IR sky

NEP 10ox10o

H

Pa

New Pa blobs

±3

NISS

Wavelength range: 0.9 ~ 3.8m (R~20)

Array format: 1024 x 1024, FoV: ~2 deg. X 2 deg. (15”resol.)

15cm aperture, Imaging & Low-Resolution Spectroscopy (R~20),

Sensitivity ~17 AB mag. – spectrophotometric survey area ~150 deg2

5

290mm(L)×270mm(W)×400mm(H)14kg

NISS

NEXTSat-1

EQM

2LVFs

2 d

eg.

NISS

Near-IR Imaging Spectroscopy Large Nearby galaxies / Clusters of

galaxies

Star-forming regions

Cosmic Near-Infrared Background

(m) line Type

1.26, 1.64 [Fe II] Emission

1.875 Pa Emission

1.96 [Si IV] Emission

2.212H2 1-0 S(1)

Emission

3.05 H2O Ice Absorption

3.3 PAH Emission

Near-infrared spectral lines Matsumoto, Seo, Jeong et al. 2011

0.45 mJy

0.45 mJy

0.26 mJy

0.26 mJy

Detections of WISE galaxies

WISE

NISS

NISS

Wide field, spectral range & better resolution FoV ~ 4 sq. deg. , 15” resolution

Spectroscopic (/ ~ 20) survey

Large-scale fluctuation of CIB

Structure evolution over

Cosmic time (t ~ 0.03 Gyr)

NEP Region

AKARI observation

MIRIS: large scales > 3 deg.

NISS: medium scales but, continuous

NISS

CIB fluctuation @ ~2m

IRTS: Matsumoto et al. 2005, 2015

AKARI: Matsumoto et al. 2012

Seo et al. 2015

Spitzer: Kashilinsky et al. 2012

NISS

M1 Baffle

Radiator

Truss

M2

Bench

Dewar Module

(contains IR detector)

Support assy

(Kevlar pipe)

Radiator

Cooler Module

NISS

0

20

40

60

80

100

700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100

%T

wavelength(nm)

LVF1

Position

Peak W

avele

ngth

Illustration of

SpectrophotometryNo moving parts!

NISS

NISS

Space Environment Test: passed

NISS

Pre-assembly of Mechanics FM

NISS

2016. 10: FM Assembly & Test

2016. 11: FM PTR

2016. 12: FM TRR

2017. 3Q: Launch – Falcon 9 @ SpaceX

NISS

Spectro-PHotometer for the Extragalactic structure, Reionization and ices Explorer: under Phase-A Study

Spectro-photometric all-sky survey: 1.4B spectral catalog

(0.75 ~ 4.8m, R=40 ~150)

Participating Institutes (PI: Jamie Bock): International Collaboration

JPL: management, thermal system, readout electronics, QA

Caltech: Instrument Development, I&T, Data Pipeline

Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation: spacecraft

ASU, Caltech, Harvard, IfA, JPL, OSU, UC Irvine: Science

KASI: H/W, data pipeline, science

SPHEREx is the upgraded mission of the NISS

13

NISS

7º

x 3

.5°

6”

pix

els

B4: 2.6 - 4.8 µm T

R = 150

In Transmission

B2: 1.25 - 2.1 µm

R = 40

In Reflection

B1: 0.75 - 1.25 µm

R = 40

In Reflection

B3: 2.1 - 3.5 µm T

R = 40

In Transmission

λλ

2048 x 2048 2048 x 2048

Full coverage requires 40 steps

across each detector (150 for Band 4)

Teledyne H2RG arrays- H1RGs flown on HST (1.7um),

OCO (2.5um), WISE (5um) (TRL 9)

- H2RGs and SIDECAR for JWST (TRL 6)

LVFs in space applications-HST as order sorters

-ISO as CVFs

-OSIRIS-Rex for spectral imaging

-Ralph/New Horizons for spectral imaging

-NISS: two LVFs

FO

V:

Focal Plane Assembly Linear Variable Filter

NISS

All-Sky Coverage

Designed for uniform coverage

after 25 months of observations

with 4 independent surveys.

Deep Surveys at Poles

Except for two 100 sq. degree regions

At the poles with are ~50x deeper.

An opportunity for unique science

SPHEREx observes the sky si-

mply by pointing the spacecraft

over multiple orbits to obtain co

mplete spectra.

NISS

SPHEREx All-Sky Survey

High S/N spectrum for every 2MASS source

Solid detection of faintest WISE sources

Catalogs ideal for GMT/JWST observations

Redshift information for other survey

Wide-field transient survey

…

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Object # Sources Legacy Science ReferenceDetected galaxies

1.4 billion Properties of distant and heavily obscured galaxies

Simulation based on COSMOS and Pan-STARRS

Galaxiess(z)/(1+z)< 0.03

120 million Study (H, CO, O, S, H2O) line and PAH emission by galaxy type. Explore galaxy and AGN life cycle

Galaxies s(z)/(1+z)< 0.003

9.8 million Cross check of Euclid photo-z. Measure dynamics of groups and map filaments.

QSOs > 1.5 million Understand QSO lifecycle, environment, and taxonomy Ross et al. (20

13) plus simulations

QSOsat z > 7

0-300 Determine if early QSOs exist. Follow-up spectro-scopy probes EOR through Lyforest

Clusters with ≥ 5 members

25,000 Redshifts for all eRosita clusters. Viral masses and merger dynamics

Geach et al., 2011, SDSS counts

Main sequence Stars

>100 million Test uniformity of stellar mass function within our Galaxy as input to extragalactic studies

2MASS catalogs

Mass-losing, dust forming stars

Over 10,000 of all types

Spectra of M supergiants, OH/IR stars, Carbon stars. Stellar atmospheres, dust return rates, and composition of dust

Astro-physical Quantities, 4th

edition [ed. A.Cox] p. 527

Brown Dwarfs

>400, incl. >40 of types T and Y

Atmospheric structure and composition; search for hazes. Informs studies of giant exoplanets

dwarfarchives.org and J.D. Kirkpatrick, priv. comm.

Stars with hot dust

>1000 Discover rare dust clouds produced by cataclysmic events like the collision which produced the Earth’s moon

Kennedy & Wyatt (2013)

Diffuse ISM

Map of the Galaxy

Study diffuse emission from interstellar clouds and nebulae; (H, CO, S, H2O and PAH emission)

GLIMPSE survey (Churchwell

et al. 2009)

NISS

17

Redshift coverage of SPHEREx measured emission lines:

Galaxy Evolution

6>z

Formation of First Stars:

15 > z > 6Dark Ages:

15 > z

Science Objectives: All-Sky Spectral Survey for

Inflationary Cosmology

History of Galaxy Formation

Mapping 3D distribution of Galactic ices

Imaging Spectrometry using LVFs: 0.75 ~4.8m

H2O, CO2, CO

NISS

Hardware Electronics: 4 H2RG detectors

Optics: Baffle tube structure

Optical Filters: 4 Linear Variable Filters & dichroic filters

Ground support equipment for characterizing the instrument (cryo. Chamber, integrating sphere, ground station electronics)

Contribution of the works Data reduction pipelines, instrument design

Science & Operation Synergy with other space missions & ground telescopes (e.g., GMT, JWST)

Collaboration with other Groups at KASI as well as universities (SNU, KHU, KBNU & KIAS)

18

LVF1

Chamber for SPHEREx

3D map of Universe

NISS

Cosmology, Extragalactic, Galactic sciences

Galactic Sciences

Ice Features from YSOs & IRDCs

SNRs

ZL spectra from Near- to Mid-IR

Moving objects: DEEP-South

Extragalactic Sciences

SF properties of near-by galaxies

Near-by and high-z AGNs

Properties of High-z emission line galaxies

CIRB study in NEP and SEP region (AKARI Deep Fields)

More science cases from astronomical community

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NISS

Exchange of Letters, Community workshop – White paper

20

Selected as one of candidates

for NASA SMEX mission

July 31, 2015

White paper

May, 2016

NISS

14/12/10: Submission of Proposal

15/07/31: 1st Review Result

16/04/30: Data packages for CSR proposal

16/07/27: Final due for Revised Proposal

16/11/01: Site Visit (final review)

2017. 01: Selection Date

2018. 09: FM Integration & Test CDR

2019. 09: Payload Integration & Test

2020. 09: Launch

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NISS

NISS (2017)

Technical demonstration: imaging spectroscopy

Imaging spectroscopic survey: Nearby galaxies, star-forming regions, low-background regions …

Operation from 2017 (2-yr lifetime)

SPHEREx (2020)

Galactic / Extragalactic Sciences

Synergy with other Facilities (KMTNet, GMT …)

More science cases from Korean community

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