Largest Domestic Consumer of Biodiesel

First Gulf War: $250/gallon

Substitute or supplement?“On the supply side, the recent advances in extraction technology provide prospects to increase supply of conventional oil to meet demand even if it turns out to be higher than anticipated earlier…Yet, the finiteness of ultimate recoverable resources can be extended only so far. The time of reckoning will come! The concern should be not only how long the oil reserves will last but how to manage the transition to the post-oil era as well. How precipitous a decline in the reliance on oil will there be if the level of production is extended by high technology beyond a ‘natural’ rate of extraction of a finite resource—a concept introduced by King Hubbert? Hubbert’s prediction in 1956 that US oil production would peak in the 1970s was proven to be right by future events….

…Hubbert production curves for IEA and DOE estimates of ultimate recoverable conventional oil are shown with the peaks at 2010 and 2030, respectively.

The consequences of extending the peak beyond Hubbert’s curve will make the decline in oil availability even more precipitous.”-- Ali M. Vali, et. Al. (2002). “End of the Oil Era: with a whisper or a bang?”

Enhanced Oil Recovery

In 1970, Volkswagen beetles and buses exceeded 2004 Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards by 10%

1999 Hessler Street Fair

2003 Volkswagen and Other AlternativesMeet