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8/11/2019 LARUTAN-inggris

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LIQUID PREPARATION


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Liquid Preparation

Liquid preparation :

Internal / internal use / Potio

External / external use / topical

Dosage form of liquid or semi-liquid


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GENERAL FORMULA1.Active material (solute)

2.Solvents / carriers Substance / Solvent

a. Other Solvents

Isopropyl Myristic Isopropyl palmitic

Karosen

Xylene

Liquid paraffin Oil plants

Crude fat


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Cont

b. Water / aquadestilata / H2O

Pure water

Distilled water

Potable water

c. Alcohol / Ethanol / Ethyl alcohol / Spiritus

Alcohol

Spiritus dilutus

Spiritus Fortior

d. Glycerin

Glycerin spisum


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Excipient1.

Cosolvent : ethanol, sorbitol2. Buffer : carbonate, citrate, gluconate, lactate, phosphate

3. Preservatives : Nip-Nip, benzoic acid, BHA, BHT, Na-sulfite, Na-

bisulfite

Terms: odorless, stable, united

4. Corrigens

Saporis / taste, for example: sucrose, glycerin, sorbitol

Koloris / color, for example: carotenoids, chlorophyll,antosianin

Odoris / scent, for example: orange, strawberry

Antioxidants : for solutions using fatty oils

example : propyl galat, propyl hydroxy toluene


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Advantages - Disadvantages

Advantages1. Dosage evenly

2. Quick absorsption

3. Can be given to childrenand the elderly

4. Not irritate the gastric

mucosa

Disadvantages1. Possibility emulsion

separates and suspension

2. Easy overgrown with

microorganisms

3. Sometimes dose not

appropriate

4. Notice must shaken

5. Packaging, storage, and

carriage of less practical


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SOLUTION / SOLUTIO

The solution is a blending of the molecules of two or

more bodies to form a clear liquid

The solution is a homogeneous phase system consisting

of two or more components :

- Solut : solute, the molecular dispersed as

small molecules or ions.

- Solvent : solvent or phase out, the scene ofthe dispersion

Example:

Solutio citratis magnesii (magnesium citrate in water)


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MIXTURA / MIKSTURA

Pharmaceutical form of liquid / solution of

two or more substances in a solvent

e.g :

Mixtura citratis magnetici (Magnesium

sitrat, Sirupus simplex Spiritus citri)


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Terms

1. Generally or if not otherwise stated, are used as the solvent is

water

2. If the solvent used alcohol, called Solutio spirituosa

3. Drug solution that contains a lot of sugar called syrup / syrup

4. If you use a solvent called elixir hidroalkohol

5. Sum up the solution of the active ingredient of natural

substances called tinctura / ekstracta

6. The solution is made of flavor materials called aqua aromatika

7. The solution is made in a certain way is sterile and is intended

for parenteral use is called injection


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Formulation of liquid preparation

Determination of drug form very depend on

physicochemical properties active material, excipient

and stability of the preparation.

In principle, determined by:

1. Solubility substance in carrier

2. Stability drug in carrier

3. Absorption and penetration of active material


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SolubilityIs the number of solute (grams) in asolvent (ml)

Solubility EXPRESS IN% w / v

PROCESS solubility

CohesiveAttraction force


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HOW TO INCREASE solubility

Heating

Refinition, stirring or shaking

Settings with the addition ofbuffer pH

The use of cosolvent

SolubilizationComplexation

Chemical modification


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REFINITION / STIRRING

Intended to reduce the size of the soluteparticles.

Surface area of the solute particles will

increase so that more substances are incontact with solvent.

Also increase circulation contact between thesolvent and solute by refinition/stirring


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COSOLVENT

1. Usually used Cosolvent in water soluble

2. Increasing the solubility of weak electrolyte

3. Sometimes the solubility of the drug mixed

solvent > solubility of each solvent4. Be careful of the possibility of toxicity and

irritation

5. Example of cosolvent : ethanol, sorbitol,propilenglikol, glycerol

6. Example: 0.4% phenobarbital not soluble inwater. Then the cosolvent used propylene glycoland glycerin


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Additions with SETTINGS buffer pH

1. pH very influence to the solubility of activematerial are weak acids or weak base

2. Buffer substances is hold active material pHchanges so that it can remain stable andsoluble

3. Buffer made in accordance with the capacityneeded

4. Should not be toxic and compatible withother Example: borate buffer, citrat,phosphate, lactate tartrateBorate buffer is used only for externalmedicines


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SOLUBILIZATION1. To increase the solubility of active material

in water

2. Used Surfactan = Surface active agent

3. Selected according to the nature of the

solvent system, hydrophilic or lipofil4. Compatible with other components

5. must non-volatile, non-toxic, taste andsmell good

6. Example: vitamins non-soluble watersoluble in fat using Polysorbate surfactan


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COMPLEXATION1. Less soluble substances bind with soluble

substances formed soluble complexes

2. Complex is macromolecule

3. The good thing is a reversible complex,that it before and after interacted withbiological fluids will deliver medicinematerials

4. Example: mix iodine with PVP 10-15%

solution (iodine solution become larger inwater)

Salisil benzoate and caffeine.


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CHEMICAL MODIFICATION

To get the result derivative subtance moresoluble in water.

For example:

1. Chloramphenicol base isnt soluble, changeinto (still base) chloramphenicol succinate,chloramphenicol stearic

2. Hydrocortisone isnt soluble, made salts form

into hydrocortisone acetat


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SOLUTION

GENERAL FORMULA preparation:

1. Active material

2. Solvent / carrier

3. Excipient


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ACTIVE MATERIAL1. Generally found in small amounts, except

syrup, syrup; sirupus simplex contains65% sugar in water

2. Each dose or a particular volume ofpreparations containing appropriateactive material

3. Should have the Therapy power

4. Preparation should be easy to use,comfortable and stable


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SOLVENT / CARRIERWhich must be observed:1. For the solvent; purity, low toxicity, suitable viscosity,

taste, neutral

2. For active material: solvent does not change thenature of physicochemical of the active material

3. Well-used solvent is water: for parenteral medications,eye drops, eyewash or injection

4. In a certain condition used cosolvent : alcohol,glycerin, propilenglikol

5. Aceton, etiloksida, IPA canntbe used for oral because

toxic6. Fatty oil such as Seed cotton oil, Coconut oil, Sesame

oil, Corn oil can be used for solvent Injectionpreparation


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EXCIPIENT

1. Cosolvent

2. Buffer

3. Preservative

4. Substances giving taste, flavorand color (corrigens)


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Thank You

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