latest developments on spectrum management in eu/cept/uk
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Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for Arab States. Latest developments on spectrum management in EU/CEPT/UK. Terry Jeacock (United Kingdom) Retired Head of Spectrum Engineering - Radiocommunications Agency (& Ofcom) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Latest developments on
spectrum management in EU/CEPT/UK
Terry Jeacock (United Kingdom)Retired Head of Spectrum Engineering -
Radiocommunications Agency (& Ofcom)Former Chairman CEPT Working Group Spectrum
EngineeringFormer Vice Chairman CEPT WRC Preparatory Group
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for Arab States
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Introduction
• Overview of the European regulatory environment for spectrum management:- Relationship between EU/EC, CEPT, national administrations;- Summary of the mandatory and other harmonisation measures relevant to spectrum economics in Europe;
• EU Directives: Regulatory framework for spectrum;
• CEPT/ECC Decisions: harmonisation and flexibility;
• United Kingdom: the road to spectrum trading.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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Relationships: EU, CEPT, Relationships: EU, CEPT, national administrationsnational administrations
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
Spectrum policy
Member States
Community policy input,where justified
European Common Positions to e.g. WRC
Spectrum management
CEPT: ETSI: spectrum technical
harmonization
Member States: allocation, assignment
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European spectrum harmonization mechanisms
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
EU Directives and Decisions
Instruments for high level policy issues, legally binding on Member States.
ECC Decisions Used to implement detailed elements of policies. Implementation “strongly encouraged”, especially for EU members. The national implementation process is intended to provide “legal certainty” to industry.
ECC Recommendations
Voluntary harmonisation mechanism.
ECC Reports Provide guidelines and describe options.
Multi-lateral co-ordination agreements
Mutual agreements between countries to assist frequency sharing in border areas.
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Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
Harmonizationspectrum policy
Competition regulationcommunications
Ex ante regulationcommunications
Data Protection Directive
SpectrumDecision(Art. 95)
Framework
Directive
(Art. 95)
Authorisation Directive
Access & Interconnection
Directive
Universal Service & Users’ Rights
Directive
LiberalisationDirective(Art. 86)
EU Regulatory environment for communications sector
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EU Framework Directive:• Obligation for national administrations to cooperate
amongst each other and with the Commission (incl. on spectrum matters);
• Imposes principle of efficient use and efficient management of radio spectrum when regulating the sector (e.g. licensing);
• Member States to promote harmonization of radio spectrum (see Spectrum Decision;
• Allows (but does not mandate) the establishment of a secondary market for spectrum, but trading cannot result in change of usage where spectrum usage has been harmonized.
EU Authorization Directive:• Member States are bound in the context of
authorizing network and services in the communication sector by measures established with a view of harmonizing spectrum. Member States cannot deviate from them when licensing nor impose additional conditions;
• Spectrum Decision: links harmonization measures taken pursuant to the Spectrum Decision to the Authorization Directive and the Framework Directive.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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EU Spectrum Decision
• Establishes a Radio Spectrum Policy Group to provide a platform for MS to discuss policy issues (no decision power, advisory only);
• Establishes a Radio Spectrum Committee for decisions on technical implementing measures. Interface with CEPT through mandates for spectrum harmonisation. Legally binding decisions for MS through follow-up EC Decisions;
• Legal obligation on MS to publish spectrum use information;
• Ensures full involvement of EU institutions in international negotiations (confirmation of current practice).
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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Market-based spectrum management and
The European Communications Committee
(CEPT/ECC)
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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CEPT/ECC Decisions (inherent flexibility)
• Outcome of any decision making process [only] on matters of significant harmonisation in the electronic communications regulatory field;
• Developed and written in as flexible a way as possible;• Neither impose nor discriminate in favour of the use
of a particular type of technology (“technology neutral”);
• Strong encouragement (for EU members) to implement. The “legal” certainty is self-provided by the administration in the design of the national implementation measure;
• Members signing the Decision commit themselves to make spectrum available according to market demand;
• Reviewed by the ECC every three years from date of adoption to determine the extent of its implementation and the take-up of any frequency bands designated (maintain, revise or abrogate). “Sunset clause”!
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
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ECC studies on harmonisation and flexibility
ECC studies are well advanced on:• The overall direction of [ECC] harmonisation
policy, bearing in mind that harmonising measures should be technology neutral, flexible and include review stages; Investigating ways and possibilities of establishing a more flexible regulatory structure for spectrum management to better enable the introduction of new radio technologies and adapt to the changing market demand;
• Studing additional opportunities for spectrum sharing, including sharing on the basis of geographical area(s), time and service, as well as the possible introduction of a flexible “noise temperature limit”.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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ECC studies on harmonisation and flexibility
• CEPT has developed a report containing results of preliminary investigations into the issues of harmonisation and flexibility and the current regulatory framework for spectrum management. It is intended to inform and assist CEPT members, operators, manufacturers and other interested parties and presents proposals for further work to be undertaken by ECC and its Working Groups;
• The Report considers the scope for enhancing flexibility at all levels: national, European (EU and CEPT) and international (ITU-R).
Some of the Report’s preliminary conlusions are considered in the following slides:
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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ECC studies on harmonisation and flexibility
Two licensing models under consideration for additional flexibility:
• Flexible bands, where licensing conditions are laid down only for the protection of neighbouring bands whilst omitting any restrictions on services or technologies. These frequency bands should be harmonised at European level. Actions have been initiated at the CEPT level to find adequate frequency bands for such flexible bands and for defining the minimum requirements for compatibility. This work should be proactively pursued with high priority;
• Light licensing regimes, where the position and characteristics of the stations are recorded on a database on a first-come first-served basis, with responsibility for subsequent users to ensure the compatibility with previously notified stations.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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ECC studies on harmonisation and flexibility
Categorisation of bands• Category 1 band: full harmonisation essential
mandated by international treaty - international services; safety and security; protection required;
• Category 2 band: designated use includes bands designated in ECC Decisions, (which may also be designed in frequency Directives and possible future Commission Decisions);
• Category 3 band: flexible usewithin specified technical criteria while allowing maximum flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances and ensuring that different uses (in-band and adjacent band) coexist without interference risk;
• Category 4 band: no harmonisationA requirement for harmonisation has not yet been identified.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
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Related ECC Reports
• ECC Report 16: Refarming and secondary trading in a changing radiocommunications world (2002);
• ECC Report 65: Auctions and “Beauty Contests” in CEPT administrations (2005).
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
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A European case study: The United Kingdom’s
approach to market-based spectrum management.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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United Kingdom: the road to spectrum trading
• 1982: An Independent Review of the radio spectrum concluded “Spectrum pricing is likely to be an ineffective and contentious method of rationing spectrum at either the allocation or assignment levels. This does not exclude a role for economic judgements in spectrum management….”
• 2004: Ofcom Statement on Spectrum Trading: Ofcom is taking forward its reform programme through three inter-related projects. These are:- Spectrum Trading: mechanisms for allowing spectrum to change hands;- Spectrum Liberalisation: relaxation of constraints on the use of spectrum;- Spectrum Pricing: updating of annual fees for spectrum not acquired through auction.
• 2005: Public Sector Spectrum Audit: recommends trading and spectrum pricing for public sector spectrum (including defence spectrum)
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997
Mill
ions
of u
sers
Source : Deregulation of the Radio Spectrum in the UK, DTI, 1987
1985 prediction of cell-phone growth in the UK
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United Kingdom: the road to spectrum trading
• Since December 2003, most non-military spectrum in the UK has been managed by the Office of Communications (Ofcom), an independent regulator also responsible for regulating telecommunications and broadcasting;
• Ofcoms principal duties: to promote the interests of citizens and consumers, where appropriate through competition; secure the optimal use of the radio spectrum in the interests of all users. Believes that these objectives are, in general, best achieved through market mechanisms;
• Overall control of spectrum, including allocation for military use, remains with the government;
• since 1998, administrative incentive pricing and auctions used to promote optimal use of the radio spectrum. Introduced spectrum trading (December 2004) and liberalisation (January 2005);
• In 2004 Ofcom published its Spectrum Framework Review, which sets out its high level approach to spectrum management. Progressive shift from ‘command and control’ to market mechanisms and licence exempt by 2010.
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
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Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
Ofcom: Command & Control; Market Mechanisms Licence-Exempt
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Ofcom: shifting from command and control to market mechanisms
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
Getting the balance right:
Ofcom preference is to move away from central management, allowing market forces to prevail and
increasing the use of licence-exemption.
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Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States Summary of Ofcoms plans to make spectrum available to market
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Audit on UK Public Sector Spectrum Holdings
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States
• Identifies specific bands which may have the potential for more effective use;
• Proposes that, in the future, the public sector will need to meet new spectrum demands through market mechanisms in all but exceptional cases;
• Expresses support for public bodies being able to trade spectrum rights – and benefit from doing so – if they wish and addresses possible barries to this;
• Assesses the need for the public sector to adopt a more stregic approach to spectrum management, suggesting that the UK Spectrum Straegy Committee should produce a regular forward look of public sector spectrum need;
• Examines possibilities for improving Administrative Incentive Pricing including extending it in some areas e.g. in the aeronautical sector and changes to better reflect band sharing;
• Sets out the audits intention to encourage more band sharing, through clarification of the incentive structure and the possibility of engaging a third party to facilitate the process;
• Addresses specific organisational issues which may be preventing more efficient use of the spectrum holdings such as procurement processes and information sharing.
The consultation document:
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Finally:Thank you for your attention!
Terry Jeacock has retired from the UK Administration and is attending this Workshop as an independent expert. He does not represent Ofcom, the United Kingdom, CEPT or the ITU. The information presented has been obtained from publicly available sources, including:European thematic portal (europa.eu.int/information_society)European Radiocommunication Office (www.ero.dk)Ofcom (United Kingdom) (www.ofcom.org.uk)Audit of Spectrum Holdings: (www.spectrumaudit.org.uk)
Regional Seminar on Economic aspects of spectrum management for
Arab States