latinos in va

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Caveats Hispanic Immigrants and Citizens in Virginia, Amanda

Walters, presentation to VALHEN, February 22, 2008,Demographics and Workforce Section, Weldon Cooper

Center for Publish Service, UVA http://www.coopercenter.org/demographics/siteles/documents/pdfs/numberscount/2008hispanics.pdf

Pew Hispanic Center

http://pewhispanic.org/


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Hispanics in the US

According to the 2000Census

Traditionally grouped byregions

Today, we are everywhere

0%

15%

30%

45%

60%

2000 Census

17.3%

3.8%4.8%2.2%3.5%

19.6%

58.5%

Mexican Puerto RicanCubans DominicanCentral American South American

Ohter


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Are you ... a Latino?

a Hispanic? a Chicano? an immigrant?

a child of immigrants? a citizen?


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Differences Not all Latinos arecreated equal

The largest minoritygroup in the US isactually quite diverse

And not all Latinosdance salsa


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Differences Based on country of

nationality/heritage,Latinos have differentgoals and purposes

Even US-born Latinosdo not follow the sametraditions


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Similarities Language (Spanish and/

or Spanglish)

Religion Family

Non-religious valuesand morals


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Myths

Latinos are all immigrants, right? Latinos dont speak English and dont wantto learn. What is the Latino socioeconomic status? Are Latinos Black or White? Are they peopleof color ?


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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service

4

0

100 K

200 K

300 K

400 K

500 K

1.5%

2.5%

4.7%

6.1%

1980 1990 2000 2006

Hispanics Growth and ShareSource: 2006 American Community Survey, 1980-2000 Censuses

Immigration


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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTIONWeldon Cooper Center for Public Service9

Most Hispanic immigrants arrived in the U.S. within thelast 15 years.

Source: 2006 American Community Survey

Years in the U.S.

0

80 K

60 K

40 K

20 K

Years of Residence

0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21+

44%

21%

7% 5%

23%

Immigration


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Hispanics by CitizenshipSource: 2006 American Community Survey, 1980-2000 Censuses

0

100 K

200 K

300 K

400 K

500 K

1980 1990 2000 2006

Immigrant

U.S. Citizen

64% 60% 60%79% HispanicChildren 0-17

U.S. BornCitizen

85%

Immigrant

12%

NaturalizedCitizen 3%

Immigration


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0-1.9%

2-4.9%

5-9.9%

10% and up

Manassas Park (30%)Manassas City (27%)Prince William (19%)Arlington (16%)Fairfax City (13%)Alexandria (13%)Fairfax County (13%)

Galax (14%)

Harrisonburg (13%)

Winchester(11%)

Local Hispanic PopulationSource: 2006 U.S. Census Bureau Estimates

Immigration


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Age StructureSource: 2006 American Community Survey

15% 5% 5% 15%

0-9

20-29

40-49

60-69

80+

Hispanic Immigrants

Male Female

15%15% 5% 5%

0-9

20-29

40-49

60-69

80+

Hispanic Citizens

Male Female

Immigration


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English ProficiencySource: 2006 American Community Survey

Not At All21%

Not Well32%

How Well Do HispanicImmigrants Speak English?

Proficient47%

HispanicCitizens {

Proficient 94%Not Well

4%Not At All 2%

0-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 21+

Years Living in the U.S.

69%44% 39% 36% 28%

Does English ProficiencyImprove Over Time?

Limited Proficiency

English


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Language Spoken at Home,

Younger than 18, 2007

18%

50%

32%

Only English at homeEnglish spoken very wellEnglish spoken less than well

Language other thanEnglish at home

OnlyEnglish


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Native born, younger than 18

14%

50%

36%



OnlyEnglish


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Foreign born, younger than 18

43%

54%

4%



OnlyEnglish


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18 and older, 2007

46%

35%

19%



OnlyEnglish


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Native born, 18 and older

13%

50%

37%



OnlyEnglish


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Foreign born, 18 and older

73% 24%

4%



OnlyEnglish


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Latinos in School Majority of Latino undergraduates (53%) are enrolledin two-year colleges A higher percentage of Latino students (45%) are

enrolled part time than either African Americans(40%) or whites (39%).

Nearly 60% of Latinos attend non-selective collegesand universities.

The nations best prepared Latino undergraduatesenroll at the nations most selective colleges anduniversities at the same rate as their white peers.


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What do Latinos study?

The top three disciplines for the bachelor'sdegrees of Latinos are business, socialsciences, and education.

The top disciplines for associate's degreesare liberal arts, business, and the healthprofessions.


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Educational Attainment

15%

27%

25%

19%

13%

TotalPopulation

Graduate Degree

Bachelor's Degree

Some College

HS Graduate

Less than HS Diploma15%

20%

31%

20%

15%

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

43%

29%

13%

9%

6%


Socioeconomic


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Occupations

Percent of Hispanic Workers inEach Occupation Sector


Share of Labor Force

Hispanic Citizens 2.9%Hispanic Immigrants 3.4%

15%

14%

6%MilitaryTransportation & Moving

Production

Installation & Repair Construction & Extraction

Farming, Fishing, & ForestryOffice & Administrative Support

SalesService

Professional

Management,Business, & Finance

6%

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

4%

4%

3%

14%

15%

Socioeconomic


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68%

65%

Female

62%

Labor Force ParticipationSource: 2006 American Community Survey

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

74%

80%

Total

68%TotalPopulation

Percent in the Labor Force

90%

Male

74%

81%

Socioeconomic


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15%

PovertySource: 2006 American Community Survey

10%

TotalPopulation

12%

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

Percent Living In Poverty

Socioeconomic


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14%

TotalPopulation

27%

HispanicCitizens

57%

HispanicImmigrants

Percent Without Health Insurance In 2006

Health Insurance

Source: 2006 Current Population Survey

Socioeconomic


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Income & HousingSource: 2006 American Community Survey

$55,500

Total Population

$62,800

Hispanic Citizens

$48,300

Hispanic Immigrants

Median Household Income

23% 22% 31%

PercentSpent

onHousing

Socioeconomic


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DEMOGRAPHICS & WORKFORCE SECTION

Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service

20

Living Arrangements

Percent of Householdsthat Include Unrelated

Person(s)

9%

15%

27%

TotalPopulation

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

Households with Morethan 1.5 Persons per

Bedroom

7%13%

33%

TotalPopulation

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants


Average HouseholdSize

TotalPopulation

HispanicCitizens

HispanicImmigrants

2.52.8

3.6

Socioeconomic


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Are Latinos Black or White?


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Castes

Social Castes in Latin America*

espaol, indio, negro, mestizo, castizo,coyote, chamizo torna atrs, mulato,morisco, albino, torna atrs, chino,albarazado, zambo (lobo)

It is not either or, much more complicatedthan that.

* Ilona Katzeu, NYU


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24

Hispanic Immigrants

!40 percent of Hispanics in Virginia are immigrants, includingboth authorized and unauthorized; the remaining 60 percent areU.S. citizens.

!Hispanic immigrants are less educated, poorer, more likely tolack health insurance, and live in larger households than the

overall population.

!Despite their lower income levels, Hispanic immigrants andtheir children receive little welfare other than WIC and schoollunch subsidies.

Summary


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25

!Hispanic citizens speak English well and adults are slightlybetter educated than the overall Virginia population.

Hispanic Citizens

!Households headed by Hispanic citizens have higherhousehold income than Virginias households overall.

!Hispanic citizens have similar occupation distribution to theoverall population and are over-represented in Virginias military.

Summary


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0

350

700

1050

1400

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

69555254544754525856

586

503479436419

384381392410383

967976

1069

11791243

1205

1081

929

847864

African-American Hispanic/Latino Native American

VTs Fall Entering Undergraduate Demographics


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0

175

350

525

700

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

108

84

7883

7072

59676068

63

74

7269

4742

42312421

106

77

69635659

49526057

176153

136120118

122100107132

130

4646

39404034343229

28112105

8078736570655979

CLAHS CALS CAUS CNR COECOS CVM INTCOLL PCOB

What do Latinos Study at VT?


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2004 20 5 2 06 2007

Ins*tu*on T H T H T H T H

VT 74 70 76 67 79 80 77 78USC 82 80 83 83 84 81 85 84

University of Florida 78 74 79 78 79 77 81 80

Stony Brook University 58 42 59 55 59 52 59 56

U of Minnesota-Twin Ci es 56 42 61 47 61 48 63 59U of Michigan-Ann Arbor 87 79 86 81 87 79 88 83

Cornell University 92 84 93 90 92 89 92 86

...

6-yr Graduation Rate:

VT & Peer, Total & Hispanics

Ins*tu*on Name %


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How does

VT comparewith peer

institutions?

Ins tu on Name %The University of Texas at Aus n 17.78%University of Florida 13.52%University of Southern California 13.12%Texas A & M University 12.47%University of California-Davis 11.92%University of California-Berkeley 11.52%Rutgers University-New Brunswick 8.42%Stony Brook University 8.34%University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 6.89%University of Colorado at Boulder 6.33%University of Maryland-College Park 5.87%

Cornell University 5.54%University of Washington-Sea le Campus 4.89%University of Michigan-Ann Arbor 4.65%Pennsylvania State University-Main Campus 3.49%SUNY at Buffalo 3.46%University of Wisconsin-Madison 3.22%Michigan State University 2.88%Purdue University-Main Campus 2.86%Ohio State University-Main Campus 2.63%North Carolina State University at Raleigh 2.63%Iowa State University 2.59%Virginia Tech 2.55%University of Minnesota-Twin Ci es 2.12%

University of Missouri-Columbia 1.76%University of Pi sburgh-Pi sburgh Campus 1.29%

2007 % of Hispanic of Total Enrollment


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Myths Latinos are all immigrants? No. Latinos dont speak English and dont want to learn.

False. What is the Latino socioeconomic status?

All over the map.

Are Latinos Black or White? Yes and more.


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What can higher education do? More targeted recruitment in Northern Virginia. Spanish content on the university website. More support for families that ask questions like:

Where is the Latino community on campus? Where can we eat tostones or pltanos or empanadas or pupusas?

Curriculum at universities - take advantage of bilingual students,more bilingual opportunities.

Increase acceptance of bilingual literature, music, publications,culture.

Cross institutional collaboration to offer more mentoringopportunities and more role models.

Broaden the spectrum of how Latinos t in US society.


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Questions?

Manuel [email protected]

Carlos Evia,[email protected]

latinos in va

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