lattes brazilian dual mission scientific satellite scientific and technical team lattes instituto...
TRANSCRIPT
LATTES Brazilian Dual Mission Scientific Satellite
Scientific and Technical Team LATTES
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, S. J. Campos - SP, BRAZIL
LATTES* (EQUARS & MIRAX Missions)
MIRAX: Hard and Soft X-rays
EQUARS : Water vapor, Temperature, Waves, Plasma density & temperature, Plasma Bubbles, Particle flux, etc.
Day Night
IonosphericBubbles
GeomagneticEquator
GeographicEquator
*Cesare Mansueto Giulio Lattes – Brazilian Physicist (11/07/1924 – 08/03/2005)
EQUARS Mission
EQUARS (Equatorial Atmosphere Research Satellite) Mission has the main scientific objective of understanding the coupling between the dynamic, electrodynamic and photochemical processes in the low latitude neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere and to use this knowledge in the study of Space Weather.
MIRAX Mission
The MIRAX (Monitoring and Imaging in X-Rays) Mission has the main scientific objective of observing our Galactic plane over a wide band and monitoring continuously the temporal variations in the spectral features of a great number of X-Ray sources.
Missions & ObjectivesMissions & Objectives
Mission Summary Mission Summary
Project Start (Year):
2007
Nominal Life 4 Years
OrbitEquatorial, altitude 650 km (LEO) (preliminary)Inclination 15 º
Mission (Orientation)
EQUARS – Pointing to EarthMIRAX – Pointing to Galactic Center
Attitude PrecisionPointing: < 0.1o (3 σ)Stability: < 0.01o/minAttitude Determination: <0.05o(3σ)
Total Mass 430 kg
Volume Direction X = 1.1m Direction Y = 1.1m Direction Z = 2.3 m
Power 180 W (Payload)
Attitude Control Active, 3-axis
Data Storage Capacity
3 Gbit
Telemetry S-Band, 1.7 Mbps downlink
Launch 2013
Launcher Options
Falcon, Taurus, Vega, Dnepr, Cyclone 4 A/B, Delta 2, Eurocket
Operation Mode
March, 2013 to March, 2014: EQUARS MissionApril, 2014 to Aug., 2014: MIRAX MissionSept. 2014 to Feb., 2015: EQUARS MissionMarch, 2015 to Aug., 2015:MIRAX MissionPMM – General Data
Mass ~500 kg
Payload
Mass Upto 280 kg
VolumeCompatible with the class of launchers
Power 225 W mean at 900 W peak
OrbitsEquatorial or Polar600km to 1200km altitude
EXPERIMENT
Instrument and Principal Investigator(s)
Institution Parameters Observed
CERTOBeacon Transmitter
P. BernhardtNRL/USA
Ionospheric irregularities, TECand scintillations
MLTMTemperature Imager
M. TaylorUSU / USA Mesospheric temperature
IONEXHFC, LP, ETP Sensors
M. Abdu, P. Muralikrishna
INPE/BrazilPlasma density,
electron temperature
ELISAElectrostatic Energy
Analyzer, R. DallaquaINPE/Brazil Low energy electron flux
GLOWNIR- Photometer
D. Gobbi, P. BotelhoINPE/Brazil
Atmospheric Wavesby O2 airglow radiance (IR)
GROMGPS receiver
H. Takahashi, J. Galera
INPE,UNESP/Brazil
Water vapor,Temperature profile,
TEC
TIPEUV PhotometerK. F. Dymond,S.
BudzienNRL/USA
Ionospheric Plasma irregularity
by OI airglow radiance (UV)
APEXParticle Detector
U. B. Jayanthi
INPE, USP/Brazil
NASA, NRL/USA,
RIOKEN/Japan
High energy electron flux in the magnetosphere
Scientific Experiments - EQUARSScientific Experiments - EQUARS
EXPERIMENT
Instrument and Principal
Investigator(s)Institution Parameters Observed
SXISoft X-Ray
ImagerJ. Braga
TBD
Time-spectral variation in Soft X-Rays;Flux; Spectra;Thermal components
HXIs
Hard X-Ray Imager
J. Braga;R. Rothschild;A. Santangelo
INPE;UCSD/USAIATT/Germany
Time-spectral variation in Hard X-Rays;Flux; Spectra; Non-thermal tails
Scientific Experiments - MIRAXScientific Experiments - MIRAX
EXPERIMENTS ONBOARD
Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography(CERTO/BEACON)
Principal Investigator : Dr. Paul A. Bernhardt, NRL, USA
Parameter measured : Total Electron Content (TEC)
and ScintillationsParameter studied : Low Latitude Ionospheric
StructureExperiment Goals:
Detect when and where radio wave propagation through the ionosphere is adversely affected by scintillation and refraction.
Provide a Global Map of ionospheric densities and irregularities to improve current models of the ionosphere.
Mesospheric Limb Temperature Mapper(MLTM)
Principal Investigator: Dr. Michel J. Taylor,
Utah State University, USA
Parameter measured: O2 near infrared spectra
Parameter studied: Atmospheric temperature field in the MLT region, day and night.
Experiment Goals:
Global scale mapping of the mesopause temperature in the equatorial region, its longitudinal and seasonal variations.
Investigation of occurrence of hot spot area in the mesopause region related to gravity wave activity.
Investigation of tidal and planetary waves.
MLTM Collaborative Science
Stratospheric-Mesospheric-Ionospheric gravity wave coupling.
Relation between long-period gravity waves in Mesosphere & occurrence of F-region depletions.
Planetary Wave coupling into the Ionosphere (e.g. 2-day wave)
Longitudinal Variability of large-scale waves and their coherence as a function of altitude .
Short period gravity wave variability and relation to large-scale longitudinal planetary wave features.
MLTM Estimated Data Rate
Experiment operates in 2 interleaved modes of different resolutions.
High Resolution Mode:
• 30x256 pixels x 16 bits selected region• Co-added interleaved O2 & background images for 6 sec.• Repeat every 30 sec. (~ 250km)• 60 sequences/orbit x 15 orbits/24 hours (331.8Mbits)• 4 airglow layer profile locators/sequence (44.2Mbits) (Total: 376Mbits/24 hours)
Low Resolution Mode:
• Based on co-added “superpixel” interleaved between each high resolution image (60 sequences/orbit x 15orbits/24 hours) up to 19Mbits available.• 5Mbits/24 hours for house-keeping data.
Total: 400Mbits/24 hours
EXPERIMENT IONEX
Principal Investigators: Dr. Mangarathayl Ali Abdu, Dr. Polinaya Muralikrishna
INPE, Brazil.
Experiments: High frequency Capacitance probe (HFC),
Langmuir probe (LP) and Electron Temperature probe (ETP).
Parameters measured: Electron density, Electron temperature and Density Spectra
Parameters studied: Plasma density and electron temperature variations, and the
spectral distribution of plasma irregularities along the satellite orbit.
Scientific Objectives
To investigate the plasma structure and dynamics in the low latitude ionosphere and the effects of space weather and lower atmospheric forcing.
To study the effects of South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly on low latitude ionosphere electrodynamics.
To study the plasma instability processes and the global distribution of plasma bubbles.
To measure the ambient ionospheric plasma parameters for providing a wider data base.
To complement the ionospheric investigations by the ground-based network in Brazil.
To make a critical study of problems known to be associated with some of the plasma measurement techniques.
IONEX Experiments
A High Frequency Capacitance (HFC) Probe for measuring the plasma density.
A Langmuir Probe (LP) for measuring the plasma density and the spectral distribution of plasma density irregularities.
An Electron Temperature Probe (ETP) for measuring the kinetic temperature of ionospheric electrons.
Electrostatic Energy Analyzer(ELISA)
Principal Investigator: Dr. Renato Sergio Dallaqua,INPE-LAP, Brazil
Parameter measured: Electron Energy Spectrumfrom 0.1 to 40 keV
Parameters studied: Energetic electron flux parallel and perpendicular to the earth’s magnetic field in the equatorial ionosphere and the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region.
Scientific Objectives:
To investigate electron precipitation flux and energy, in the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA).
To study the effect of electron heating process through wave-particle interaction in the equatorial plasma bubble.
4-Channel Airglow Photometer(GLOW)
Principal Investigators: Dr. Delano Gobbi, INPEMs. Primavera Botelho de Souza,
FUNCATE/INPE, Brazil.
Parameters measured: Visible and NIR nightglow radiances 630.0 nm (OI), 710.0 nm (BG), 724.3 nm (OH8-3),
762.0 nm (O2A 0-0)
Parameters studied: Electron density structures in the ionospheric region;
Planetary wave modes in the upper mesospheric region.
Scientific Goals
To measure the visible and NIR light produced by chemical reactions in the upper atmosphere and thereby to infer information on the electron density structures in the ionospheric region.
To understand the generation mechanisms of ionospheric plasma bubbles and the electron density structures.
To study the characteristics of planetary waves in the upper mesospheric region.
Channel
Airglow Species Wavelength (nm)
1 O (1D – 3P) 630.0
2 BG NIR 710.0
3 OH (2∏) (8-3) R-branch 724.6
4 O2 (b1∑+ - X3∑-) (0-0) 762.0
Viewing direction NadirField of View (linear) 3.5 degResolution 34 km (at 90 km altitude)Volume 15 × 15 × 30 cm3
(excluding baffle)Mass 14 kg (TBC)Structural material Aluminum 6061-T6 ( = 2.713 g cm-
3)Surface finish Anodized hard (TBC)Operational Temperature Range -10 C to +20 C.Survival Temperature Range -20 to + 50 C.Sensors Optical filters (4) and PMT board (1)Max Radiation Dose Not to exceed 50 kraAverage Power 3 WPeak Power 6W at 4 seconds (max.)Total Energy Consumed 5021 mW h (per orbit)
GLOW Specifications
GLOW Operational Mode
ON MODE
NORMAL OPERAT ION
STANDBY MODE
CONTINGENCY MODE
SERVICE MODE
NOMINAL MODE
Initialization procedure
OFF MODE
NO-SCIENCE MODE
do/Housekeeping data
SCIENCE MODE
do/Nightglow data CALIBRATION MODE
do/Sensitivity, Dark current
trigger
COMMAND*
trigger
trigger
POWER ON POWER OFF
triggerCOMMAND
COMMAND
trigger
COMMAND timeout
COMMAND
COMMAND
RESET COMMAND
* solar sensor synchronization
GLOW Operational Modes
Data Volume
107 Mbits of storage for GLOW photometer data over a 24-hour period.
Data Packet Length
The GLOW photometer shall utilize fixed length source packets up to a maximum of 252 bytes.
GPS Radio Occultation Measurement(GROM)
Principal Investigators: Dr. H. Takahashi, INPEDr. J. Galera, UNESPBrazil
Parameter measured: Height Profile of Refractive Index
Parameters studied: Humidity in the lower Troposphere
(0-10km) Temperature in the Stratosphere
(0-50km) Electron density perturbations in
the Ionosphere
GROM Mechanical Specifications
Dimensions:
• IGOR – 240x217x105mm3
• Occultation Antennas – 455x102x6.1mm3
• POD Antennas – 15mm (h) x 89mm (dia.)
Mass:
• IGOR – 4.100kg
• Occultation Antennas (2) – 473g
• POD Antennas (2) – 180g
Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (TIP)
Principal Investigators: Dr. K. F. Dymond, NRL/USADr. Scott Budzien, NRL/USA
Parameter measured: O 135.6 nm radiance
Parameters studied: Electron density Maximum,Electron density gradients.
Scientific Objectives:
To obtain the characteristic features of horizontal ionospheric gradients, morphology and intensity of the equatorial arcs.
To detect ionospheric depletions associated with spread-F and scintillation.
To improve retrieval accuracy in data assimilation methods that combine datasets from complementary ionospheric sensing methods.
TIP Specifications
Low cost, compact sensorPower: 7.6W(typical), 10W (max.)Mass: 2.3kgVolume: 160x100x140mm3 (TSA)
150x100x60mm3 (TICE)Cost: US$1.5M for 6 sensors (in 2003)
High-sensitivity, “smart” photometer (using CsI PMT & SrF2 filter)
Sensitivity: 600 counts/sec/R @ 135.6nmField of view: 3.8º circularFilter wheel: Large Aperture, Pinhole, BaF2
pinhole, Closed29 commands provide flexible sensor modes and
telemetry rates.
Alpha, Proton and Electron Monitoring Experiment - APEX
Principal Investigator: Dr. U. B. Jayanthi,INPE, Brazil
Parameters measured: Flux of Electrons, Protons and Alpha Particles
Parameters studied:
Flux of electrons 0.17 – 0.34MeV, 0.34 – 1.26MeV,
1.26 – 3.4MeV and >3.4MeV
Flux of Protons 3.8 – 5.7MeV, 5.7 – 8.6MeV, 8.6 – 23.7MeV, 23.7 – 43MeV and >43MeV
Flux of Alpha 18.5 – 34MeV, 34 – 129MeV,129 – 204MeV and >204MeV
Soft X-Ray Imager - SXI
Principal Investigator: Dr. João BragaINPE, Brazil
Parameter measured: Image in Soft X-Ray band
Parameter studied: Fast X-Ray Transients Hard X-Ray Imager - HXI
Principal Investigators: Dr. João Braga, INPE, Brazil
R. Rothschild, USCD/USAA. Santangelo,
IATT/Germany
Parameter measured: Image in Hard X-Ray band
Parameter studied: Hard X-Ray Transients
MIRAX MISSIONMIRAX MISSION
First Brazilian-led astronomical satellite project
High-energy astrophysics observational window for the Brazilian community
International collaboration expertise in space missions and cost sharing
Strong participation of Brazilian institutions and industry
100% public data NASA HEASARC archive
MIRAX Basic MIRAX Basic ParametersParameters
Mission and spacecraft parameters
Mass ~100 kg (payload)
Power ~90 W (MIRAX payload)
Orbit Near equatorial (15 o ) , circular, ~650 km, 4 years
Telemetry Telemetry: S-band, ~1.5 Mbps
Launch ~ 2013; launcher to be selected
Instrument parameters
Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) – 2 units
Energy range 10-200 keV
Angular Resolution
7 arcmin
Spectral resolution
< 5 kev @ 60 keV (FWHM)
Localization < 1 arcmin (10)
Field-of-view 58o x 26o FWHM
Sensitivity < 2.2 mCrab (1 day, 5 )
MIRAX instrumentsMIRAX instruments2 hard X-ray imaging cameras (10-200 keV)
built by DAS/INPE in collaboration with CASS/IAAT - 58o x 26o FWHM FOV with cameras at 29o
- 7 arcmin angular resolution(Detectors developed at CASS/UCSD)
CZT DetectorsCZT Detectors
• Energy range: 10-200 keV
• Crossed-strip CZT (Cd0.9Zn0.1Te) detectors
– 0.5-mm spatial resolution
– < 5 keV spectral resolution @ 60 keV
– 3x3 modules of 2x2 detectors 370 cm2 total area(Provided by CASS/UCSD)
7cm x 7cm x 10cm
Brazilian Satellites: 2010-2020
202
0
201
6
201
4
CBERS-5
GPM-BR
201
2
Lattes-1
201
1
CBERS-4
201
0
Amazônia-1
CBERS-3
201
3
201
5
Amazônia-2
201
8
CBERS-6
201
7
Lattes-2
201
9
MAPSAR
GEO Met BR
PlataformaMulti-missão
Geostac.
CBERS
SABIA
SABIA-2