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8/12/2019 Lawyers Line July 2014 Edition

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The Election Commission ofIndia has done a splendid job in con-ducting the elections to Lok Sabhain phases. Under Parliamentary

practise, these elected persons be-come members of Parliament fromthe day polling of cers declare theelection of the winning candidates.They are entitled to the salary andother comforts eligible to the mem-

bers. But they become functional asmembers of Lok Sabha only afterthey take oath. It is unfortunatethat the strong man of BJP fromMaharashtra State. Mr.Munde hada tragic end on the day, when theLok Sabha had to meet for the oathtaking on the 3rd June 2014. As amark of respect to him, the meeting

of the Lok Sabha for oath takinghad to be adjourned on the 3rd June2014. On 4th June, when the Houseof Lok sabha met, a condolence has

been made and the meetinghad been adjourned. Themeeting of Loksabha washeld on 5th June 2014 forthe new members to take

pledge. Thus, the condo-lence meeting of Mundeheld at Lok Sabha beforethe members took the oathis only a meeting of the

members to express their grief. Itcannot be a session of Lok sabha.I am of the view that the membersof Lok sabha should have taken theethos of ce and then they shouldhave met to condole the tragic end ofa Cabinet Minister. This would havegiven opportunities to members totalk about the accident in whichMunde had lost his life. Only then,

it can be considered as proceedingsof the house. A meeting of membersof the House will not constitute

proceedings of the House. I draw at-

tention to an incident that took placein the composite Madras LegislativeAssembly in 1952. This was the rstsession of the Assembly under theIndian Constitution. As the congresshad secured only, 144 membersin the House of 391 members, thecongress though the largest single

party, could not from a Ministry. So,C.Rajagopalachariar was requestedto from a Minority Ministry. The Of-

ce of the Secretary of the MadrasLegislature was vacant then. So, Ra-

jagopalachariyar specially requestedR.V.Krishna Ayyar, legendary gureof our Parliamentary History totake up the of ce and advice him toconduct the business of the House.The rst session for oath taking was

xed in May rst week and noticesfor the session were know that itwas Rahu Kalam and he felt that the

rst meeting of the session for oathtaking should not be heldat that time. He calledhis Assistant SecretaryT.Hamumanthappa to hischambers and asked himto inform the membersthat the session will notcommence at the timespecified and changedthe time. I was at that

Dr.R.K.BALASUBRAMANIAMSenior ADVOCATE

SESSIONS OF

PARLIAMENTARY BODIES

M.Anathasayanam Ayyankar Second speaker of Lok Sabha

G.V.Mavalankar,First speakerof Lok SabhaR.V.Krishna Ayyar


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time with Krishna Ayyar. Hanumanthappa toldKrishna Ayyar that the intimation has already

been sent to the members and even Governorhas been informed about the timing. ImmediatelyR.V.Krishna Ayyar told Hanumanthappa that thecommunication is being forwarded in his nameand therefore telegraphic message should besent to all the members about the change of time.That is how the Legislature Secretariat functionedunder R.V.Krishna Ayyar.

The timing and the business of the ses-sion of the House are all the prerogatives of theSecretariat of the House. They should guide thespeaker. If, under the constitution of India, theGovernor of state should act on the advice of theChief Minister/Prime Minister, the Speaker of theHouse shall act on the advice of Secretary of theHouse. This is the basic concept of Parliamentary

practice. Under the Constitution of India. the Gov-

ernor of a State or the President of India shalladdress both Houses of Parliament in a joint sit-ting in case of a Bi- cameral Legislature or theLegislative Assembly in case of a UnicameralLegislature at the beginning of each year in the

rst session or after the General election at therst session of the Legislature. As the Governor

or the President is not a member of the house,they are addressing the House on the strength ofthe constitutional provision empowering themto address the House. The session shall not beconsidered as a session of the House but it isonly a sitting of the House. The sitting only her-alds the beginning of the session. In England thesessions of the House of Commons are held inclosed chamber. This is being followed from thedays of Charles the second. As soon as the Kingarrives at the entrance of the House, a little doorwill be opened and the King will enter the houseto address the house. After the King or Queen asthe case may be, addressee the house, the doorswill be opened and the Kind or Queen will leavethe House. This system is called Black Red. This

is done to prevent any disturbance that may becaused to the King/ Queen while addressing theHouse. This Black Red system was displayed inthe Composite to Madras Assembly at the rstAssembly by the eminent Parliamentary legendR.V.Krishna Ayyar.The charm and effective ofParliamentary system rest in tithe adherence ofcorrect parliamentary principle. Practices and

procedure.At time, C.Raja gopalachariyar said. How

fortunate! I am to have R.V.Krishna Ayyar, as theSecretary of the Legislature and S.L.Sathar, Secre-tary-General of Lok Sabah said that R.V.KrishnaAyyar is a Scholar in parliamentary affairs.

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Referring to life in prison, Former Supreme CourtJudge V.R.Krishna Iyer in Sunil Batra -Vs- Delhi Ad-ministration (AIR 1980 SC 1579) , said Prisoners are

peculiarly and doubly handicapped. For one thing, most prisoners belong to the weaker segment, in poverty,literacy, social station and the like. Secondly, the prisonhouse is a walled-off world which is incommunicado forthe human world, with the result that the bonded inmatesare invisible, their voices inaudible, their injusticesunheeded. So it is imperative, as implicit provided inArticle 21 of the Constitution that life or liberty shallnot be kept in suspended animation or congealed intoanimal existence without the freshing ow of air, pro -cedure. Further he describes that it is something morethan mere animal existence. The inhibition against itsdeprivation extended to all those limbs and faculties bywhich life is enjoyed. The provision equally prohibitsthe mutilation of the body by the amputation of an arm.

Or leg, or the putting out of an eye, or the destructionof any other organ of the body through which the soulcommunicates with the outer world.

The economically well-off prisoners do not haveany dif culty in getting emergency leave from Prisonauthorities. As we know a Public Interest Litigationhas been led by a Pune based lawyer at Bombay HighCourt against the parole extension accorded to the ac-tor Sanjay Dutt questioning the constant leave beinggranted to the actor for various reasons and subsequentlythe Bombay High Court on the 25th February this yearordered the state to set up a committee headed by the

Chief Secretary to suggest changes to the prison leaverules and screening process after observing that dili-

gence was shown in Dutts case. The Tamil Nadu Sus- pension of Sentence Rules, 1982 provides two types ofleave to convicted prisoners i.e., Emergency leave andordinary leave. This article is an attempt to emphasizethe need of the emergency leave for convict- prisonersin extraordinary circumstances like illness of their ownfamily members, wedding and death rites.Origin of Parole:

Generally speaking Parole means temporary releaseof a prisoner before the expiry of a sentence, on the

promise of good behavior. Alexander Maconochie, aScottish geographer and captain in the Royal N`avy,introduced the modern idea of parole when, in 1840,he was appointed Superintendent of the British penalcolonies in Norfolk Island, Australia. He developeda plan to prepare them for eventual return to societythat involved three grades. The rst two consisted of

promotions earned through good behaviour, labour, andstudy. The third grade in the system involved conditionalliberty outside of prison while obeying rules. A viola-

tion would return them to prison and starting all overagain through the ranks of the three grade process. The

R. KARUNANIDHI, Advocate,Madurai Bench of Madras High Court

Necessity of Granting EmergencyLeave to the Prisoners


45/52


Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 provides the release of offenders on probation or after due admonitionand for matters connected therewithin our country. But this system isnot effectively implemented in thiscountry.Parole and Furlough:

The Bombay Prisons (Furloughand Parole) Rules, 1959 deals withParole and Furlough in the Stateof Maharashtra. Parole (temporaryrelease from prison) is granted toa convict in an emergency such asa death in the family or marriageof relatives whereas furlough isgenerally given to a prisoner oncein a year on certain conditions andcriteria. The Honble Bombay HighCourt elaborately discussed this inP.D. Gajbhiye vs State of Maha-rashtra (1994 Crl.L.J.2016), It isnow well settled that furlough and

parole have two different purposes.Furlough is a matter of right whereas

parole cannot be claimed as a matterof right. Furlough is to be granted,

periodically under Rule 3 of the(Furlough Rules) and the principalobject of grant of furlough is toenable the prisoner to have family

association and to avoid ill effectsof continuous prison life. Whileundergoing sentence according tothe Furlough Rules, a prisoner isaccorded social interaction. Man

being a social animal, social life is brought into existence periodicallyfor a prisoner by providing furlough.Furlough is not provided or grantedfor any particular reason if he is noteligible under Rule. 4 of the Fur-lough Rules. The scheme of grant of

furlough is that after a convict has been sentenced, on completion of a particular period of imprisonmentundergone, he should be providedan opportunity to have a social inter-action with an intention that heforgets bitterness and sufferings fora while. It is thus well settled thatgrant of furlough is a substantial le-gal right which a prisoner is entitledon ful llment of the conditions pro -vided in Furlough Rules. Howeverthere is an amended Rule 4(13) ofthe Prisons (Bombay Furlough and

Parole) Rules, 1959, which statesthat prisoners convicted in crimesrelated to terrorist activities shall not

be granted furlough. However in ourState neither is there any Act of theLegislature nor any administrativerules or regulations issued underthe executive power of the StateGovernment under the Constitutionof India or any statute enabling the

authority, including the Govern-ment, to grant temporary release of

prisoners on parole.Types of Leave and its grounds forrelease:

There are two types of leavefor a convict i.e., Emergency leaveand the ordinary leave. Emergencyleave is granted under the Rule 6of the Tamil Nadu Suspension ofSentence Rules, 1982 to prisonersto attend emergencies like seriousillness, death and marriage of their

blood relatives after proper veri -cation and sometimes with Policeescort for security reasons. Ordinaryleave is granted for purpose likesettlement of property, admissionof children in Schools and Colleges,repairing of home, arrangement ofmarriage of son, daughter, brotheror sister, agricultural harvesting andother extra-ordinary reasons after

proper veri cation. Conditions aremore stringent for ordinary leave.For example, Conduct should besatisfactory in Prison, the prisonershould be convicted under life im-

prisonment, the prisoner shouldhave completed 5 years of sentence,

No case should be pending againsthim, he should not be a habitualoffender and further he should nothave committed prison offenceslike assault, outbreak, riot, mutiny,escape, strike etc, in prison and heshould be of sound mind.Does the State of Tamil Nadu grantParole?

The Criminal procedure Codedoes not contain any provision forgrant of parole. Nonetheless, ruleshave been framed in various States,regulating the grant of parole by wayof executive instruction. Likewisethe State of Tamil Nadu created TheTamil Nadu Suspension of SentenceRules, 1982 to grant leave to the

prisoner. The Rules are governingthe grant of emergency and ordinaryleave to prisoners in Tamil Nadu.In exercise of the powers conferred

by sub-section (5) of section 432of the Code of Criminal Procedure,1973 (Central Act 2 of 1974), theGovernor of Tamil Nadu made theTamil Nadu Suspension of SentenceRules, 1982.

As per Rule-3 the leave cannot

be claimed as a matter of right. Itis a special consideration grantedto the prisoner. The Supreme Courtheld in Sunil Fulchand Shah Vs-Union of India and others (AIR 2000SC 1023), In this country, thereare no statutory provisions dealingwith the question of grant of parole.By administrative instructions,however, rules have been framed invarious States, regulating the grantof temporary release as parole. Thus,

the action for grant of parole is gen-erally speaking an administrativeaction. The Parole is considered to

be a provisional release of a pris-oner who agrees to certain condi-tions prior to the completion of themaximum sentence period and it isa reformative method to allow the

person again into the society afterrehabilitation in other countries. Inour state there is no provision forgranting parole to the prisoners.

To be Continued...


46/52


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