LCA ADEME database – Technical Committee

Electric and Electronic Equipment

April 19th 2012

Olivier RéthoréADEME - Service Eco-Conception & Consommation Durable (SECCD)

With Intertek RDC (Isabelle Descos, Matthieu Gillis)

Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

Goal and scope

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Goal: to establish short term and long term needs in terms of LCI data to give specifications to Ecoinvent and PE in order to feed ADEME’s DB

Scope:– TVs– + other “grey” and “black” EEEs: computers, phones, printers,

hi-fi, set-top boxes... questions:

Relevancy to use of the same data as for TV Missing inventories

ApproachFor each module:Analyze the needs in terms of inventory data:– Based on the PCR for TV – Using the preliminary study conclusions: « Elaboration d’un plan de

développement d’une base publique de données d’ACV comme support à l’affichage » (ADEME, 2009-10)

Determine the appropriate granulometry– Regarding

Technological representativeness Geographical representativeness Temporal representativeness

– Considering for each differentiation The relative environmental impact The information accessibility for the industrial (specific data) The short term data availability in existing databases (generic

data)

Propose a list of inventories to be integrated in ADEME database, at least for short term 4

ADEME database content

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Processes

MetadataSources, contacts, external documents

Unit Reference flow, Unitgrou

psCharacterizatio

n factors*LCIA Method

Result for each impact category

X

*Common data for all suppliers (to be given

by the JRC)

LCI Flows*, flow

property*,Unitgroups

3 modes to feed ADEME DB

1. Purchasing & adapting existing data – From databases suppliers: PE, ecoinvent, PWC, BV,

federations (e.g. worldsteel, PlasticsEurope)– For this lot (n°10) : PE, ecoinvent

2. Data co-production– In order to fill missing data in some sectors– Projects generally launched by ADEME (e.g.

AgriBalyse for agriculture products)

3. Third party proposal– In order to allow the integration of data not yet

available in ADEME DB– In order to promote assessment by industry

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PCR for TV

Functional unit"To use a television in France during 8 years, switched on 4 hours a day, and switched off 20 hours a day.”

Impact categories–Climate change - IPCC 2007–Resource depletion - EDIP 97 (2004) (may change)–Ecotoxicity (not validated)

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Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

Speakers – Data need

Plastic parts– Raw materials

« transversal » plastic needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:

– Thermoplastics: HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, PP, amorphous PET, PET bottle grade, PA 6,  PA 6-6, PVC (emulsion), PVC (suspension), PVC (bulk), PMMA, ABS, PC, SAN, POM, GPPS, HIPS, PSE / PA11, PA12, Surlyn, PLA (polylactic acid), biosourced PE, biosourced PET, Plastic from startch

– Thermosets: polyurethane (flexible and rigid foam), Epoxy, PTFE, Unsaturated polyester resin, EVA / Elasthane, Elastodiene

– Elastomers: Butadiene, Polybutadiene, Latex (SBR), Silicone, EPDM / Butyl rubber, Natural rubber, Isobutylene isoprene, Isoprene rubber, NBR, Neoprene, Nitrile rubber, SBS, SEBS

What pastics for speakers? Other specific materials?

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Speakers – Data need

Plastic parts– Forming and shaping

« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Thermoplastics: Injection, Extrusion, Expansion for EPS, Thermoforming / Foaming, Forming for GPPS and HIPS, Blow extrusion, Blow injection, Calendering, rotomolding

– Thermosets: Foaming (flexible and rigid), Injection, Pressure molding, Thermoforming

What forming processes for speakers? Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Data need

Plastic parts– Additives

« transversal » additives needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee but NOT integrated in consultation letters: – Phtalates: DEHP– Mineral charges: Sulfur (poudre), Carbon black, TiO2 alpha, TiO2 beta, Silicium, Calcium carbonate, Magnésium carbonate, Baryum sulfate, Zinc oxyde, Lithopone, Fatty acids

– Flame retardants: halogenous, non-halogenous– Dye agent

What additives for speakers? Other specific additives?

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Speakers – Data need

Steel– Raw materials

« transversal » steel needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:

– Primary, secondary and average steel– Stainless steel (the most representative)– Tin steel

What steel for speakers? / Other specific steels?

– Forming into semi-finished products « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee:

– Wire– Extrusion– Sheet– Galvanization

What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes? 12

Speakers – Data need

Steel– Forming into finished products

« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input

What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Data need

Aluminium– Raw materials

« transversal » aluminium needs already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Primary, secondary and average aluminium

Other specific aluminium?

– Forming into semi-finished products « transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Extrusion– Sheet– Foil

What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Data need

Aluminium– Forming into finished products

« transversal » processes already discussed in ad hoc Technical Committee: – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input

What forming processes for speakers? / Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Data needOther metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee– Raw materials

Single metals: copper, zinc, tungsten, titanium, tin Alloys: brass, bronze, zamak What metals for speakers? / Other specific metals?

– Forming into semi-finished products Similar to steel and aluminium?

– Wire– Extrusion– Sheet– Foil

Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Data needOther metals: data need has NOT been discussed in any Technical Committee– Forming into finished products

Similar to steel and aluminium? – Forming with material withdrawal– Forming without material withdrawal– Surface treatment with additional input– Surface treatment without additional input

Other specific processes?

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Speakers – Other EEE

Are there specific needs for other EEE, in particular high fidelity equipments?– Wood and its processes

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Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

Screens – Data need

Technological representativity Specific data mentioned in the PCR:– Technology– Diagonal– Surface

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Screens – Data need

Technological representativity Technology

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Technology

GfK report in 2011,

prevision for 2012 in France

Questions

CRT 0%No need for data for TV. What about other equipments?

LCD 27%  

PDP (plasma) 5%  

LED 68%  

o-LED 0%When would this technology represent 2-5% of the market?(not mentioned in the PCR)

Screens – Data need

Technological representativity Diagonal of visible screen (inches) Total surface of the screen (cm²)– Is there a correlation between the diagonal and surface, i.e. is only one parameter enough to characterize a screen?

– Is there a linear correlation between the surface/diagonal and the impact? And the mass?

If not, for which surfaces/diagonals should one give LCIAs in the DB?

Do unusual diagonals imply higher environmental impacts? i.e. Are specific inventories required?

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Screens – Data need

Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the

PCR:– Production country of the screen module

Remaining questions:– For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable?

– For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation?

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Screens – Existing data

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Data available in GaBi and ecoinvent

Data available in one database

Unavailable data

Modules Characteristics ecoinvent GaBi(EIME, for information)

LCD

Amount of data 1   2Technologies a-Si TFT LCD module   TFT, MonochromeDiagonal 15 inches   -Geographical representativity

Global   -

Temporal representativity

2001   2003

CRT

Amount of data 1    

TechnologiesAverage (for computer): can it be used for TV?

   

Diagonal 17 inches    Geographical representativity

Global    

Temporal representativity

1998    

LED

Amount of data   12  

Technologies  

1 diode (not a screen): is it adapted for screens?Mounting technique: THT or SMDEfficiency: high or lowMaximum current: 0.5, 1 or 1.5 AOther: with lens, flip chip…

 

Diagonal   -  Geographical representativity

  Global  

Temporal representativity

  2007  

o-LED        PDP        

Screens – Other EEE

Can the same inventories be used for small screens in telecommunications (phones)? Or must they be specific?What about computer screens?What about touch screen?

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Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

PCB – Data need

Technological representativity

Data mentioned in the PCR for the mainboard:– Specific data

Number of faces (1 or 2) Number of layers (no amount is given) External surface of the board (cm²)

– Semi-specific data Country of production

– NB: the mass is not mentioned! An adaptation of the mass of the LCI process appears however necessary if one wants the mass of the model to fit with the real product. But it would require a modification of the PCR.

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PCB – Data need

Technological representativity

Specific data mentioned in the PCR for the PS board:

– Specific data None

– Semi-specific data Number of faces (1 or 2) Number of layers (no amount is given) External surface of the board (cm²) Country of production

– NB: the weight is not mentioned

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PCB – Data needTechnological representativity

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TechnologyWhat type?

Possible differentiations, to be discussed

Amount of faces (single-sided or double-sided)

1, 2

Amount of layers 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16Substrat/insulating material

FR4, FR2, FR1, Teflon, CEM1, CEM3

Soldering SnAgCu...

FinishingAuNi, HASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)...

Population & mountingWhat mix of SMD/THT components?(IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…)

PCB – Data need

Geographical representativity Semi-specific data mentioned in the

PCR:– Production country of the mainboard– Production country of the Power Supply board

Remaining questions:– For electric mixes, our intention is to provide LCI with an adaptation of the country. Is it acceptable?

– For other parameters, shall we consider a geographical differenciation?

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PCB – Existing dataCharacteristics ecoinvent GaBi

EIME (for information)

Amount of data 22 12 26

Type of product For computers Generic? Generic?

Mounting technology

SMD, THT SMD, THT Not mentionned

Amount of faces (single-sided or double-sided)

2 1, 2 Not mentionned

Amount of layers 2, 6 1 to 16 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12

Substrate FR4 FR4 CEM1, FR2

SolderingWith or without leadSn-Cu-Ag

11 compositions ofSn-Ag-Cu-Ni-Pb-Zn

Not mentionned

Finishing HASL AuNi, HASL Not mentionned

Surface Functional unit: m² Functional unit: m² Not mentioned

Main board or power board

Main and power Not mentionned Not mentioned

Population Included Included Included

Geographical representativity

Global Global Not mentioned

Time-related representativity

2005 2010 2006

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PCB – Need vs existing data

Data available in GaBi and ecoinventData available in one database (or unknown information)Unavailable data

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Technology Differentiations

General useMain boardPower board

MountingSMT (Surface Mounted Technology)THT (Through-Hole Technology)

Amount of faces 1, 2Amount of layers 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16

Substrat

FR4FR2FR1TeflonCEM1CEM3

Soldering Tin-Silver-Copper

FinishingAuNiHASL (Hot Air Solder Leveling)

Population (is included in the global module LCI but information is not always provided)

IC’s, conductors, resistors, transistors, connectors…

PCB – What and how many inventories?

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PCB – Other EEE

Can the same inventories be used for any EEE?

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Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

Power cables – Data needsPCR for TV does not require to include cablesIs it acceptable, environmentally speaking (especially for resources depletion)?

If not, shall we consider–Different modules? (based on material composition)–One average secondary data? (in this case: what most common conductor (copper?) and what most common insulator?)–One average data, but based on cable length as primary/semi-specific data?

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Power cables – Existing dataecoinvent has – Data for connector cables for computer (made of copper, TPE and PVC) and printer (made of copper, aluminium and PVC)– Other types of cables (network cable, ribbon cable…)

GaBi does not have data for connector cables but for other types of cables (high voltage, optical fiber, phone…)

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Agenda

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Goal and scopeSpeakersScreensPrinted Circuit BoardsPower cables(End of life: first elements)

End of life – Data needDismantling neglected by the PCR, because supposed manualMaterials recovery from screen and PCB: should it include only energy consumption and infrastructures?Disposal (incineration and landfill) of screen and PCB: how many inventories are needed and what parameters should be differentiated? (solder paste type, after or before RoHS…) i.e. is only one inventory for PWB incineration enough, or must there be as much inventories as for production processes?What about the estimated impact of the RoHS for EoL? Recycling and disposal of plastics and metals (see ad hoc Technical Committee)

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End of life – Existing dataecoinvent has data for the end of life of computer products (computer, mouse, printer…) including– Materials recovery from modules (screen, PWB…) including electricity, infrastructures and transport– Recycling of metals, from electronic scrap– Incineration of residues and unrecycled parts based on elementary composition (end-of-life model)– No recycling credits

PE has data for PCB incineration after and before RoHS

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End of life – Data need vs. Existing dataIncineration, Landfill: based on compositionRecycling

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Data available in at least two databases

Data available in one database

End of life – Other than LCA data needFor each material within each module, we need statistics data for France, for each type of end of life (e.g. X % of copper incorporated in TV’s PCB is recycled, and Y % is incinerated…)PCR for TV propose a table from an Eco-systèmes pilot study (see next slide): can it be used?Are there official and validated data?

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End of life – Non LCA data needFractions issues du traitement

d'un téléviseur écran platEstimation des taux de valorisation et de recyclage obtenus d'après étude pilote

  % recyclage matière

% valorisation

énergie

% élimination

Métaux ferreux 99 %   1 %

Métaux non ferreux 100 %    

Coques plastiques 90 % 3 % 6 %

Feuilles plastiques 99 %   1 %

Cartes électroniques a) 34 % 25 % 41 %

Câbles 88 %   12 %

Dalles

LCD: verre et cristaux liquides

Plasma: verre et poudres

    100 %

Polluants : condensateurs, lampes mercure,

composants électroniques

    100 %

Stériles     100 %

a) Pour les cartes électroniques, le rendement de recyclage dépend des matériaux : 100 % des métaux (ferreux, non ferreux et précieux) des cartes électroniques sont recyclés, ce qui représente 34 % de la masse des cartes électroniques. 43

Other EEE

Are there needs missing for other EEE?

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