le subjonctif - lancaster central school · pdf filethere is also another form of the present...
TRANSCRIPT
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LE SUBJONCTIF
Influences emotions
Wishes
Desires
Requests
Orders
+Technically, in French there are 2 forms of the Present Tense. There is the INDICATIVE = L’INDICATIF
(in French)
which is the simple present tense.
+
There is also another form of the present tense, which is called the:
SUBJUNCTIVE = SUBJONCTIF (in French)
+
In Comparison to the INDICATIVE, the
SUBJUNCTIVE is more of a MOOD than a tense.
+
Sentences in the Subjunctive express a NECESSITY,
FEELING, EMOTION, DOUBT, OPINION, OBLIGATION and
other moods.
+
When & How to use the Subjunctive
+When & How to use the
Subjunctive: It is used only in the following
circumstances:
1. A two CLAUSES SENTENCE (a clause is made of a subject + verb)
+
2. The 1st clause is the MAIN clause;
it expresses doubts, emotion, opinion, necessity, negativity or other
moods.
+
3. The 1st clause starts with a WEIRDO expression
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4. The SUBJECT of the 2 Clauses are DIFFERENT.
+
5. The clauses are always connected by “QUE”
(French equivalent of “that”)
+
6. The SUBJUNCTIVE mood is used in the SECOND CLAUSE.
+ WEIRDO expressions convey the following:
W = E = I = R =
D = O =
WISHES (DESIRES/WANTS) EMOTIONS (FEELINGS) INFLUENCES REQUESTS
DOUBTS ORDERS
+
The Subjunctive in English
+The Subjunctive in English
The subjunctive is hardly used in English so when you
translate it to English it may sound a little awkward.
+For example:
Je veux que tu partes
Literal translation: I want that you leave
Proper translation: I want you to leave
+ This sentence requires the subjunctive because:
There are 2 CLAUSES:
I want (je veux) & You leave (tu partes)
There is a change in subject :
I (Je) & You (Tu)
The two clauses are connected with the word “QUE”
“Want” is an emotion word
+
WEIRDO Expressions
+ WEIRDO Expressions
Préférer que…
Wish, Desire, Influences To prefer that…
Souhaiter que… To wish that…
Désirer que… To desire that…
Espérer que… To hope that…
+ WEIRDO Expressions
Vouloir que…
Wish, Desire, Influences To want that…
Aimer que… To like that… Exiger que… To demand that… Insister que… To insist that…
Suggérer que… To suggest that…
+ WEIRDO Expressions
Être content que…
Emotions
To be happy that… Être heureux que… To be happy that…
Être désolé que… To be sorry that…
Être ravi(e) que To be delighted that
Regretter que… To regret that…
+ WEIRDO Expressions
Être étonné que
Emotions
To be surprised that Être fâché (e)… To be angry that…
Être triste que… To be sad that…
Avoir peur que… To be scared that
Être surpris que To be surprised that
+ WEIRDO Expressions
Il est possible que
Doubts & Uncertainties
It is possible that…
Il est douteux que It is doubtful that…
Il se peut que It is possible that…
+ Opinion & Impersonal Expressions
*Il faut que… It is necessary that…
Il est bon que… It is good that…
Il est important que… It is important that…
+ Opinion & Impersonal Expressions
Il est indispensable que… It is absolutely vital that…
Il est utile que… It is good that…
Il est naturel que… It is natural that
+ Opinion & Impersonal Expressions
Il est juste que It is right/fair that…
Il est dommage que It is unfortunate that…
Il est essentiel que … It is essential that…
+ Opinion & Impersonal Expressions
Il est étonnant que… It is surprising that…
Il est temps que… It is time that…
Il semble que… It seems that…
+ Opinion & Impersonal Expressions
Il suffit que… It is enough that…
Il vaut mieux que… It is better that…
+ Other Expressions
Jusqu’à ce que… Until…
Afin que / Pour que… So that…
Avant que… Before…
+ Other Expressions
Pourvu que… Provided that…
Bien que… Although /though…
Quoique … Although /though…
Malgré que … Despite…
+
Forming the Subjunctive
+Forming the subjunctive
1. Go to the “NOUS” form of the verb
2. Drop the “ONS”
3. Add the following endings…
+ Subjunctive Endings
Je E
Tu ES
Il E
Nous IONS
Vous
Ils/Elles
IEZ
ENT
+
PRATIQUONS!
On your sheet, conjugate the 3 verbs in the
subjunctive
+ Parler = Parlons Que je parle
Que tu parles Qu’ il parle
Que nous parlions Que vous parliez
Qu’ils/elles parlent
+ Vendre = vendons Que je vende
Que tu vendes Qu’ il vende
Que nous vendions Que vous vendiez
Qu’ils/elles vendent
+ Finir = finissons Que je finisse
Que tu finisses Qu’ il finisse
Que nous finissions Que vous finissiez
Qu’ils/elles finissent
+
You will need to memorize the Irregulars from you notes.
*These are just some of the irregulars.
+
Opinion & Knowledge verbs
+
After verbs of opinion or knowledge, such as PENSER (to think), CROIRE (to believe), and SAVOIR (to know), the indicative or the subjunctive is chosen
depending on the meaning of certainty or uncertainty.
+
In the AFFIRMATIVE,
these verbs usually require the INDICATIVE because they show belief,
conviction, or knowledge:
+
Used NEGATIVELY or INTERROGATIVELY, these verbs
usually (but not always) take the SUBJUNCTIVE because they convey
doubt or uncertainty:
+For example:
Elle pense que tu es intelligente. The Indicative (Affirmative Clauses)
The Subjunctive (Negative Clauses) Elle ne pense pas que tu sois
intelligente.
+For example:
Je sais que vous avez raison. The Indicative (Affirmative Clauses)
The Subjunctive (Negative Clauses) Je ne sais pas que vous ayez
raison.
+For example:
Je crois que nous savons le subjonctif.
The Indicative (Affirmative Clauses)
The Subjunctive (Negative Clauses) Je ne crois pas que nous sachions
le subjonctif.
+ So!!!
Whenever these verbs are in the positive form, the second clause is followed by the INDICATIVE.
Positive Indicative
+ So!!!
Whenever these verbs are in the negative form, the second clause is followed by the SUBJUNCTIVE.
Negative Subjunctive
+
À ton tour!
+ Activité #1
Read the following sentences to determine if the verb in parentheses should be in the
INDICATIVE or the SUBJUNCTIVE. After you have determined which form of the present tense it should be conjugate it
according to the given subject.
+#1
Nous sommes contents que le semestre _____ bientôt. (finir)
Nous sommes contents que le semestre finisse bientôt.
Subjunctive = expressing emotions
content = happy
+#2
Je suis désolé(e) que vous ne ________pas ici avec moi. (être)
Je suis désolé que vous ne soyez pas ici avec moi.
Subjunctive:
Expressing emotion (désolé = sorry)
+#3
Je sais que la terre ____________ ronde (round). (être)
Je sais que la terre est ronde.
Indicative: Knowledge expression in the affirmative (savoir = to know)
+#4
Il pense que le Français _____facile. (être)
Il pense que le français est facile.
Indicative: Opinion expression in the affirmative (penser = to think)
+#5
Le prof désire que nous _______ tous les devoirs. (faire)
Le prof désire que nous fassions tous les devoirs.
Subjunctive: expressing desires or wish (désirer = to desire/want)
+#6
Il est dommage que nos amis ne ______ pas venir. (pouvoir)
Il est dommage que nos amis ne puissent pas venir.
Subjunctive: expressing feeling of regret or impersonal expression
(Il est dommage = it is unfortunate or too bad)
+#7
Nous voulons qu'ils _________au cinéma avec nous. (aller)
Nous voulons qu’ils aillent au cinéma avec nous.
Subjunctive: expressing desire or wish (vouloir= to want)
+#8
Le prof croit que nous _________ la classe. (aimer)
Le prof croit que nous aimons la classe.
Indicative: expression of knowledge in the affirmative
(croire= to believe)
+#9
Il faut que tu ____à l'heure! (être)
Il faut que tu sois à l’heure. subjunctive: impersonal expression of necessity
(il faut= it is necessary)
+#10
Il est important que vous ____en classe le jour de l'examen final. (venir)
Il est important que vous veniez en le jour de l’examen final.
subjunctive: impersonal expression of necessity
(il faut= it is necessary)
+
La Fin!