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Learning Chapter 8

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Learning

Chapter 8

Definition

Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to

experience.

Learning is more flexible in comparison to the genetically-programmed behaviors of

Salmon, for example.

Page 3: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

Associative LearningWe learn by association. Our minds naturally connect

events that occur in sequence. Learning to associate one stimulus with another or a response with

a consequence.

Page 4: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

Learning How Do We Learn?

Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Dogs Watson’s Little Albert

Operant Conditioning Thorndike’s law of effect

(Instrumental Learning) Skinner box

Learning by Observation/Modeling (Cognitive Learning)

Bandura’s Bobo Doll

Page 5: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

Operant & Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning forms associations between 2 stimuli (CS and US).

Operant conditioning, on the other hand, forms an association between behaviors and the resulting events.

Page 6: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

Operant & Classical Conditioning

Classical conditioning involves respondent behavior that occurs as an automatic response to a certain stimulus.

Operant conditioning involves operant behavior, a behavior that operates on the environment, producing rewarding or punishing stimuli.

Page 7: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

5 Major Conditioning Processes

• Acquisition- Initial Learning• Extinction- unlearning the association by

discontinuing the exposure to the stimuli or associated consequence.

• Spontaneous Recovery- a brief reappearance of a weakened response after an association has been extinguished

• Generalization- responding to similar stimuli• Discrimination- determining a difference

between similar stimuli

Page 8: Learning Chapter 8. Definition Learning is a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience. Learning is more flexible in comparison

Operant vs. Classical Conditioning

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