Learning Objects and Learning Objects and the Librarythe Library

Learning Objects and Learning Objects and the Librarythe LibraryBy Stephen SchwartzBy Stephen Schwartz

Head of Systems Development at UCLA Head of Systems Development at UCLA LibraryLibrary

Sept 2003Sept 2003

Digital Object Standards Digital Object Standards for Course Management for Course Management

Systems (CMS)Systems (CMS)

Digital Object Standards Digital Object Standards for Course Management for Course Management

Systems (CMS)Systems (CMS)Interim Report for UCLA CMS group in June Interim Report for UCLA CMS group in June

2003 2003 By Stephen SchwartzBy Stephen Schwartz

Head of Systems Development at UCLA Head of Systems Development at UCLA LibraryLibrary

Today's Outline

1. What is a CMS?2. Why Care about Digital Object

Standards for Course Management Systems

3. Possible Learning Object Lifecycle4. Three Viable Standards

1. OAI• XML Schema Outline• Example Object

2. METS• XML Schema Outline• Example Object

3. SCORM• XML Schema Outline• Example Object

4. Comparisons and Current Usage5. OKI Digital Repository6. UCLA Library Test Project with Life

Sciences7. Next Steps for UCLA8. Digital Archives

What is a CMS ?

• Admin Tools – Authentication, Course Authorization, Registration integration

• Course Delivery Tools – Auto Testing, Course Management, Instructor Helpdesk, Online Grading, Student Tracking

• Curriculum Design – Accessibility, Course Templates, Curriculum Management, Instructional Design & Standards ( Digital Content standard =SCORM)

• Communication Tools – Discussion Forums, Chat, Whiteboard, Blogs

• Productivity Tools – Bookmarks, Calendar/Progress Reviews, Help, Search

• Student Involvement Tools – Groupwork, Self assessment, Community, Portfolios

Who has What CMS’s?Campus Group CMSEngin, Chem (Seas) WebCT

CDH (Humanities - Humnet) WebCT

Public Policy WebCT

School Medicine, Dentistry WebCT

Med Center Angel

Computer Science Blackboard

Extension Blackboard

Life Sciences Blackboard

Electrical Engineering Custom -Sayed

Arch & Urban Design Custom - Jose

CMS Consortium for College – Social Sciences, Humanities, Stat, Astronomy, Physics, Psych.

Custom - CMS (Pearl)

Digital Object Standards for Course Management. Who

Cares?Standards useful for:

• Ingress – Creation for use in CMS’s

• Exchange – between CMS’s• Archiving – for future use• Exportation and Reuse –

discovery and editing by faculty and K-12

Possible Digital Object Lifecycle

CMS 1

CMS 2

CMS 3

Learning Object Repository @ Campus/ CDL

Content Object or Asset Repository @ Library/ CDL

K - 12

Why Bother? A Recent User Study (Library, University of Edinburgh, Scotland,

UK) Frequency of use of electronic information services for a recent search

by undergraduates

From: D-lib, June 2003 : http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june03/urquhart/06urquhart.html

Information service % use

Search Engines (e.g. Google) 60Organization Web Sites (e.g. IEEE) 24Bib Databases (Web of Science, Pub Med) 16E-journals direct (Browser bookmarked) 14OPAC 8Lib Web Pages 5

Why Bother? A Recent User Study (Library, University of Edinburgh, Scotland,

UK)

• “Faculty, staff… usually bookmark their favorite journals, and the regular users…were not using the electronic journal library Web page for access.”

• “Undergraduates interviewed …rarely gave examples of using the subject trees on a library web page….”

• “The library manager may have to decide where to allocate effort — into library web pages which may be used intermittently if at all, or into support of academic staff and learning support staff in development of VLE [Course Web Sites]”.

• From: D-lib, June 2003 : http://www.dlib.org/dlib/june03/urquhart/06urquhart.html

Open Archive Initiative – XML Schema Outline

• OAI1. Metadata

1. Dublin Core (Descriptive)2. URI (link to content)

2. About1. Provenance2. Rights

Typical OAI Digital Object• Title Medley Waltzes. Where Did You

Get That Hat. Introducing the beautiful melodies "Spare That Old Mud Cabin," and "The Absent Son.“

• Creators Arr. by Donly. Hounslow, N.Y. • Publisher  n.p.: Harding's Music Store• Date  1889• Subjects Birds • Source Johns Hopkins University, Levy

Sheet Music Collection, Box 161, Item 135 null

• Collection Levy Test OAI Archive• Access Online  

Metadata Exchange & Transmission Protocol

• METS1. Descriptive Metadata2. Administrative Metadata

1. Technical – format, etc

2. Rights – copyright and license

3. Source – analog source disc/admin

4. Provenance - migrations/ transformations of object

3. Files (groups)4. Structure Map - hierarchy 5. Behavior – executable interface

Sharable Content Object Reference

Model

SCORM defines 3 Levels:1. Aggregations (XML= Manifest) of2. Learning Objects (XML= LOM) &3. Assets (Basic content files with

metadata)

SCORM Evolutionby ADL (Advanced Distributed Learning)

More on SCORM Learning Objects and Content Assets

• Aggregations (Root XML = Manifest) include:– Sharable Content Object (SCO) is

lowest level of Learning Resources (root XML = LOM) which can be run by a Learning Management System (LMS)• Contains at least one Launchable

Asset• Plus other Assets = Basic digital

contents of all types (html, audio)– Other Assets– Smaller Aggregations

• Note: Different SCOs can share same Asset

Metadata for SCO Learning Resource/Object (IMS-MD)

LOM XML Schema Outline – Pedagogy info:1. General – description, ed. coverage, catalog entry,

structure, and Aggregation level2. Lifecycle – version, status, contributors and roles,

date3. Metametadata – about metadata contributor4. Technical – format, size, location type, installation,

duration5. Educational – learning type, semantic density, age

range, context, difficulty, learning time, description

6. Rights7. Relation with other objects and Resources (SCO &

Assets)8. Annotations – type and source9. Classification – taxonomies (Discipline, Idea,

Prerequisite, Ed Objective, Accessibility, Ed Level, Skill, Security)

SCORM for Aggregation - think part of a course

Manifest XML Schema Outline (IMS – Content Packaging)

1. Metadata (LOM)2. Organizations

1. Metadata (LOM)2. Structure - hierarchical3. Items – Metadata, Reference to

Resource, Prerequisites, Max time and action, Mastery score

3. Resources1. SCORM Type: SCO or Asset2. Metadata (LOM or Asset Metadata)3. Files4. Dependencies

Typical SCORM Object

Interactive step by step

The Point is:• These Digital Content

Object Standards are different

• Which ones will the Library support? All? None? Some?

• Each has pros and cons:

Some Digital Object Model Comparisons

Factors/ Users OAI METS SCORMXML Schema Simple Medium Complex

Flexibility and Power / Cost Low Medium High

Maturity of Standard Medium

Lower Higher

Current Usage:UCLA Library X ? ?

CDL X X ?

FEDORA and Library of Congress

X X

WebCT X

Angel X

Blackboard X

Microsoft LRN X

Click2Learn X

Open Knowledge Initiative (OKI) Digital Repository (DR)

• Purpose is to Manage Assets• OKI Assets are NOT necessarily

SCORM assets– OKI Assets can be nested– OKI Assets – 3 types

• Content only• Info Records (metadata) and Content• Info Records only

• Thus OKI DR could include OAI, METS, SCORM or other type of objects.

• Library may test this with D-space?

Possible Next Steps for UCLA

1. What pilot tests do we (UCLA Library) want to do?

– Test SCORM with Brain Stem Project with Life Science Prof

2. When (manpower priorities?)– Fall 03 – Winter 04

3. With whom on campus? What CMS’s?

– Backboard, Click2Learn, Other?4. What collaborations with CDL

– CDL & UCLA CMS Joint Project $$

Possible UCLA Learning Object Exchange – Test Implementation

CMS 1

CMS 2

CMS 3

UCLA Learning Object Repository (D-Space)

UCLA Digital Library Asset Repository (Oracle)

K - 16CDL Digital Archive (Grid - UCSD)

Course Web Page Summer 2003

Psychology 116 – Prof: Bill Grisham

Course Description Lecture, one hour; laboratory, three hours. Requisites: courses 10, 100A, 100B, 115. Designed for Psychobiology and Psychology majors. Laboratory experience with various topics in behavioral neuroscience. P/NP or letter grading.

Library – Life Sciences

Test ProjectLearning Object

Data Flow

UCLA Digital Library:700 Brain Stem Scans

Life Sciences CMS – Black Board

Content

Metadata

SCORMObjects

CDL/ Learning Object Repository

UCLA Test: D-Space?

Next Steps – Analysis & Test

• Collaborate with CDL on Learning Object Repository roles/issues.

• Check out mapping between Digital Object types – METS & SCO. Can METS be encapsulated in a SCORM Asset? (See Berkeley Project). How to map MD which has different goals?

• Evaluate potential for Library use in ILI – Information Literacy Ini.

• Define Metadata Policy for SCORM objects that the Library creates

Deep Dark Digital Archive1. Archive – 50- 100 year life• Solve the media longevity problem

• GRID – Network replication

• Reformatting Obsolete Data – 3 ways

1. Map to Open Data Format2. Simulate the Application 3. Develop code ontology for recreation

of required data translations for recoding into new languages

2. Deep – behind local archives3. Dark – Not open to public directly

Possible UCLA Future – Sharable

Content Objects?

CMS 1

CMS 2

CMS 3

UCLA Learning Object Repository (D-Space)

UCLA Digital Library Asset Repository (Oracle)

K - 16CDL Digital Archive (Grid - UCSD)

Example of using Digital Library Email export & copy into

PowerPointVirtual Collection Contents:

Title: Jesus lover of my soul /Creator: Munger, Dr. M. J..

http://digital.library.ucla.edu/sheetmusic/librarian?ITEMID=7113Soprano solo - 5 flats – ¾ time

Title: Jesus lover of my soul /Creator: Miller, D.W..

http://digital.library.ucla.edu/sheetmusic/librarian?ITEMID=7962Alto solo into 4 parts with piano – 2 sharps – different melody –

same words – 6/8 time

Title: Jesus, lover of my soul /Creator: Tucker, Henry.

http://digital.library.ucla.edu/sheetmusic/librarian?ITEMID=32374

3 flats – 4/4 time