lec 1 history of transportation

8/3/2019 Lec 1 History of Transportation

1/4

Transportation History 1

Transportation History

Development of Transportation:

Cultural advances new ideas travel transportation: a cyclic process Cultural interaction is based on passenger transportation Natural Transportation:

a) Location of citiesb) Water transport: the cheapest and easiest way for man to movec) Major cities built very near bodies of water

Military Activities Paving the Way to Transportation Developmenta) Roman highway: Appian Way moving troops

b) Russia: Trans-Siberian Railroad control of Siberia and its easternprovince; used as an instrument of expansion against parts of China

c) England controlled by the huge subcontinent of India by owning andcontrolling railroads primarily for political and military purposes*(passenger transportation) rather than economic purposes (freight)

d) Use of elephant by Hannibal to assault the backdoor of Romee) Genghis Khan conquering huge areas of Asia on horseback

Traffic Signal History

1868 the first signal (Great Britain) 1918 manually operated control with 3 color signals (New York, USA) 1926 first automatic traffic signal (Great Britain) 1930 first traffic actuated signal was used 1982 computer controlled traffic signal system in Metro Manila became operational;Phase I covered 118 intersections within the City of Manila, and 8 within the R-10

project area. 1984 8 signalized intersections along Quezon Avenue were integrated into Phase I 1985 start of Phase II covering additional 170 intersections up to and beyond EDSA. 1990s SCATS system was adapted in Metro Cebu and Metro Manila

The Genesis of Urban Mass Transportation: The Age of Omnibus

1662: Pascal starts to operate a horse-drawn wagon line carrying passengers in Paris. Serviced the public for free, became popular but fell when fare was finally charged

forcing Pascal to quit the transportation business. 18th Century: Industrial revolution separation of home and work places. High travel

demand made the now familiar peak hour trip.

1750: Suburbs attract upper middle class London merchants who can afford horsesand a carriage.

Religious revival urging to go out away from the dirt and noise of a city. 1800: Predominant land based mode still walking. Strong flow of city to suburb transfer. 1829: Intro of Omnibus - an 18 to 20-seater horse drawn wagon.


2/4


TRANSPORTATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES

a. Spanish Period (1570-1898)

General:

Spanish style urban development: a church and aplaza mayor Construction of a castle city called Intramuros as residential district of the Spaniards.

Total land area is 0.6 km2.

Public Transport:

Before 1850: most Manileo travels on foot, perhaps hitched ride in private ownedhorse or carabao drawn cart.

1850: Four types of horse drawn vehicles for hire:the carromata, the quiles, the calesa and the carruaje.

1880: The Compania de los Tranvias de Filipinas launched a tranvia- a single horserawn tramcar, 12-seater, permanent ways.

1892: Four horse-drawn lines plied Intramuros and the extramuros routes to Malate,Sampaloc and Tondo; one steam-powered line ran from Binondo to Malabon.

1898: Ten tranvias were operating in the network; Philippine Revolution.b. American Period (1898-1946)

General:

Urban development supported by development of roads by the colonizing government. Development of transport network and housing by the private sector. Basic form of road network. First Master Plan of Metro Manila made by Chicago-based urban planners Daniel

Burnham and Piere Anderson.

1933: the transfer of capital city from Manila to Quezon City was decided andplanning was done.

Plan did not materialize due to the outbreak of World War II.

Public Transport:

1903: Manila Electric Railroad and Light Company purchased the streetcar franchise.Converted the system into electric rail. First class fare at 6 centavos.

1905 April 11: Full commercialization of a fully electric tranvia system. Toatal of 30km length of track between Sta.Ana and Port of Manila. Introduction of first andsecond class (12 and 10 cents respectively), based on sitting arrangement. Carried 10.5million passengers.

Succeeding years: MERALCO expanded operations to cover 90 kilometers of trackwith over 170 cars.

1926: 35 million passengers carried. 1927: MERALCO introduced urban passenger buses- the autobus. Pacific War: MERALCO is 109 streetcars, 190 autobuses. Carried 59 million

passengers (28 million by tranvia and 31 million by autobuses).

Network is supplemented by autocalesas; smaller Fieras of today of 5 to 6 squeezed inpassengers.


3/4


1941: American Military forces took over MERALCOs operations of the autobusesand even autocalesas for military transport. None were put back into service.

1942: Fragmented efforts by the private sector attempts to provide public urbantransportation. The carretelas and dokars (occupation era carriages) were resurrectedas well as buses each of which was operated by one franchise holder. The tranvias,

placed back into operation, were barely adequate to serve the cities growing population. Lack of public transport made regulatory efforts by the authority not soimportant.

1943: A disatrous flood struck Manila inflicting irreparable damage to the tranviasystem.

1945: Before the liberation, about 16 cars of the tranvia system were left operational.Heavy bombing and shelling during the liberation effort further damaged the tranviasystem ending the forty years of an efficient urban transportation system for Manila.

c. Post-World War II (1946- )

General:

Reconstruction of Metro Manila begun in 1946. Quiapo: established as the business and commercial center. The birth of jeepney. 1950s to 1960s: significant increase due to baby boom. Significant growth continued till 1970s further aggravated by rural to urban

migration.

1975: Metro Manila was established, consisting of 4 cities and 13 municipalities,aimed to promote an orderly urban development and solve urban problems such as

slums, traffic congestion and garbage among others.

Public Transportation:

1946: MERALCO tried to rebuild its bus fleet out of the few trucks obtained from theU.S. Army. Out of the ruin was born the jeepney classified as either ACs or PUJs.ACs, acronym for autocalesa, are strike-anywhere vehicles functioning like that oftricycles today while PUJs operate in a fixed route.

1947: ACs were phased out and all franchised jeepneys were converted to PUJs.Together with the independent bus lines that emerged, jeepneys serve the short buthigh demand routes.

1948: The uncontrolled growth and the fierce and destructive competition oftransportation forced MERALCO to sell out its bus fleet to its major competitor.

1973: A transport study conducted by Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency ofJapan proposed a Metro Manila wide transportation system, which includes subwaysystem from U.P. Diliman to Manila International Airport area.

1974: Government was considering putting into service a mass transit system forMetro Manila.

1984: LRT Line 1 becomes operational 2000: EDSA MRT (Line 3) becomes operational 2003: Line 2 becomes operational 2013: First Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System in Cebu City? 2014: MRT 7 along Commonwealth?


4/4


Railways in the Philippines

1887: Construction of the first line 192 km (Tutuban to Dagupan, Pangasinan)

1892: Train services started by the Manila Railway Company of London, Ltd. owned by the British Steam locomotive British prototype Alfonso XIII

1902: Line was expanded from Balagtas, Bulacan to Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija Extended to Carmen, Pangasinan then to San Fernando, La Union

1917: Ownership was transferred to the Philippine government (US$ 3.9 M)

1917 1940: Extension of the Main Line southward to Legaspi City, Albay (437 km fromManila) and northwards to San Fernando, La Union (255 km from Manila)

1937: First Southbound run Bicol Express

1941: WWII USAFFE took full control of the railroads

locomotives & rolling stock were destroyed to prevent control by theJapanese.

lec 1 history of transportation

Documents