lecture 1.1 & 1.3- what is chem?
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Lecture 1.1 & 1.3 for Honors & Prep ChemistryWhat is Chemistry & the Scientific MethodTRANSCRIPT
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Section 1.1 & 1.3 LectureWhat is Chem?
& THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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What Is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
1.1
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What Is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
1.1
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Matter = STUFF
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What Is Chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
1.1
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Matter = STUFF
If it is not matter, then it is empty space.
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What Is Chemistry?
EVERYTHING is CHEMISTRY!!
1.1
Because living and nonliving things are made of matter, chemistry affects all aspects of life and most natural events.
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Why Study Chemistry?1.1
Chemistry can help explain the natural world, prepare people for career opportunities, and produce informed citizens.
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The Scientific Method
The scientific method is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.
–Steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.
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Making Observations
When you use your senses to obtain information, you make an observation.
The Scientific Method
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Making Observations
When you use your senses to obtain information, you make an observation.
Suppose you try to turn on a flashlight and it does not light.
An observation can lead to a question: What’s wrong with the flashlight?
The Scientific Method
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Testing Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation
1.3 The Scientific Method
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Testing Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation
You guess that the flashlight needs new batteries.
1.3 The Scientific Method
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Testing Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation
You guess that the flashlight needs new batteries.
You can test your hypothesis by putting new batteries in the flashlight.
1.3 The Scientific Method
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Testing Hypotheses
A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation
You guess that the flashlight needs new batteries.
You can test your hypothesis by putting new batteries in the flashlight.
If the flashlight lights, you can be fairly certain that your hypothesis is true.
1.3 The Scientific Method
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An experiment is a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design experiments, you deal with variables (things that change).
1.3 The Scientific Method
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An experiment is a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design experiments, you deal with variables (things that change).
–The variable that is changed on purpose is the manipulated variable, or independent variable.
1.3 The Scientific Method
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An experiment is a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design experiments, you deal with variables (things that change).
–The variable that is changed on purpose is the manipulated variable, or independent variable.
–The variable that is observed during the experiment is the responding variable, or dependent variable.
1.3 The Scientific Method
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If it is the sun that is damaging the leaves on my fern,
then moving it to a spot with less sun should stop more fronds from dying.
The Scientific Method
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If it is the sun that is damaging the leaves on my fern,
then moving it to a spot with less sun should stop more fronds from dying.
HYPOTHESIS!
The Scientific Method
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If it is the sun that is damaging the leaves on my fern,
then moving it to a spot with less sun should stop more fronds from dying.
HYPOTHESIS!
EXPERIMENT!
The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- Bubble size depends on gum flavor
The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- Bubble size depends on gum flavor
Experiment- measure bubble size using different gum flavors
The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- Bubble size depends on gum flavor
Experiment- measure bubble size using different gum flavors
Manipulated variable- gum flavor
The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- Bubble size depends on gum flavor
Experiment- measure bubble size using different gum flavors
Manipulated variable- gum flavor
Responding variable- bubble size
The Scientific Method
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A controlled variable is something that could affect the outcome of your experiment, so because it is not of interest it must be removed or kept constant for every trial.
Controlled variables-
Brand, quantity, …
The Scientific Method
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Failure to identify and control competing factors can make an experiment invalid.
The Scientific Method
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The best experiments have just one manipulated variable and all other variables are controlled.
The Scientific Method
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The best experiments have just one manipulated variable and all other variables are controlled.
This makes it certain that changes in responding variables are a result of that one experimental manipulation because it was the only thing different.
The Scientific Method
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Matter- anything with mass and volume
Hypothesis- a proposed explanation for an
observation
Experiment- a procedure used to test a hypothesis.
In Review
The Scientific Method
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Developing Theories
If a hypothesis is supported by repeated experimentation, it may become a theory.
The Scientific Method
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Developing Theories
If a hypothesis is supported by repeated experimentation, it may become a theory.
–A theory is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
The Scientific Method
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Developing Theories
If a hypothesis is supported by repeated experimentation, it may become a theory.
–A theory is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.
–A theory may need to be changed at some point in the future to explain new observations or experimental results.
The Scientific Method
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Scientific Laws
A scientific law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
The Scientific Method
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Scientific Laws
A scientific law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.
A scientific law states what happens but does not explain how it happens.
That explanation requires a theory.
The Scientific Method
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Steps in the Scientific Method
1.3 The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- an explanationExperiment- tests hypothesisTheory- an explanation that is supported by so many different experiments that we agree it is TRUTH. Scientific Law- what happens
The Scientific Method
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Hypothesis- an explanationExperiment- tests hypothesisTheory- an explanation that is supported by so many different experiments that we agree it is TRUTH. Scientific Law- what happens
LAW- Ships disappear on the horizonOld hypothesis- the ship falls off the world
because it is flatCurrent theory- the ship moves out of view
because the world is a sphere.
The Scientific Method
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HOMEWORKYour first homework assignment is to complete the
section 1.1 &1.3 review.
Assignments are due at the start of the next class.
Completed homework is stamped during bellwork to show that it was completed on time.
Keep all stamped work until collected before the quiz.