lecture # 4 output devices. output devices devices that convert machine language into human...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lecture # 4
Output Devices
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Output Devices
• Devices that convert machine language into human understandable form.
• Output can be in display form, on paper or sound on speakers.
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Output Devices• Monitor
• Sound System
• Printer
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Monitors
• Monitors are the most commonly used output devices.
• A peripheral device with a screen for the visual display of information.
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Types of Monitor
• Cathode ray tube (CRT)
• Flat-panel display
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Monitors - CRT Monitors
• CRTs are the most common way of displaying images today.
• It uses a large vacuum tube called Cathode-Ray Tube.
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CRT Monitors
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Working of CRT
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Scanning Mechanism
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Monitor Categories Based on Color Display
Monochrome:
One color= Background, Other Color=Foreground
Color: RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
From 16 to 16 million unique colors.
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Flat-Panel Monitors
• A monitor that uses an LCD panel or Plasma .
• Flat-Panel monitors are lighter in weight and require less power.
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Flat-panel monitors take up less desk space.
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Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor
•Most common flat-panel monitor.
•It creates images with a special kind of liquid crystal that is normally transparent.
•It becomes opaque when charged with electricity.
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Two Categories of Liquid Crystal Displays
• Passive matrix LCD
• Active matrix LCD
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Flat-Panel Monitors
• Passive matrix LCD uses a transistor for each row and column of pixels.
• Active matrix LCD uses a transistor for each pixel on the screen.
Thin-film transistor displays use multiple transistors for each pixel.
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Other Kinds of Monitors
• Paper-white display
• Electroluminescent (ELD) display
• Plasma/gas plasma display
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Considerations When Monitor Shopping
• Size• Resolution• Refresh rate• Dot pitch
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Comparing Monitors - Size
• A monitor's size is the diagonal measurement of its face, in inches.
• Larger monitors are available, but can be expensive.
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The diagonalsize (often 17”)
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Size of Laptop vs. Size of CRT???????
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Comparing Monitors - Resolution
• It is defined as a sharpness of a screen.
• Resolution = No. of pixels on the screen
• More the number of pixels, the better the resolution is.
• The Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard is 640x480. Super VGA (SVGA) monitors provide
resolutions of 800x600, 1024x768 or higher.
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What happens as Resolution increases….????
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Comparing Monitors - Refresh Rate
• Refresh rate = No. of times per second that the electron guns scan the screen's pixels.
• It is measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second.
• Look for a refresh rate of 72 Hz or higher.
• It controls flicker.
• A slower rate may cause eyestrain.
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Refresh Rate of Active Matrix LCD vs.Passive Matrix LCD
???????
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Comparing Monitors - Dot Pitch
• Dot pitch is the distance between pixels.
• Closer the dots, crisper the image.
• Look for a dot pitch no greater than .28 millimeter.
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Viewing Angle
•The angle from which the display’s image can be viewed clearly.
•CRT Monitors
•LCD
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Viewing Angle of Active Matrix & Passive
Matrix LCD????????
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Interlaced & Non-Interlaced Monitors
Interlaced Monitors: It scans odd lines in the first pass and in the second pass
scans the even lines. It causes flickering of screen.Obsolete.
Non-Interlaced Monitors: It scans an entire line of pixels at a time.No flickering.Commonly used.
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Video Controller• Intermediary device
between the CPU and the monitor.
• Controls how things look on-screen.
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Monitors - Video Controllers• The video controller is an interface between the
monitor and the CPU.
• The video controller determines many aspects of a monitor's performance, such as resolution or the number of colors displayed.
• The video controller contains its own on-board processor and memory, called video RAM (VRAM).
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VRAM
Graphic intensive applications suchas games require plenty of VRAM.
Video Control Board with Monitor Cable
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PC Projectors• A PC projector connects to a PC and is used to
project images on a large screen.
• Many PC projectors provide the same resolutions and color levels as high-quality monitors.
• Digital light processing (DLP) projectors use a microchip containing tiny mirrors to produce very sharp, bright images.
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Projected Screen
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Sound Systems
• Multimedia PCs come with a sound card, speakers, and a CD-ROM or DVD drive.
• A sound card translates digital signals into analog ones that drive the speakers.
• With the right software, you can use your PC to edit sounds and create special sound effects.
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Sound Card•Translates digital sounds into the electric current that is sent to the speakers.
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Sound Card• The most basic sound card is a printed circuit board
that uses four components:
1. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 2. A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 3. An interface to connect the card to the motherboard.4. Input and output connections for a microphone and
speakers.