Lecture Exam #2Bi 10, November 1, 2013

Agenda

•Administrative Stuff•Rules + Format•Multiple Choice Section•One-Word Answer Section• Free Response Section•Wrap-up

Rules and Format• Closed book, no collaboration• No talking or phone use –

talking/phone use/cheating is grounds for a zero grade• Raise a hand and ask if you need

clarification• Answers will be on index cards.

Put your name on every index card before turning in the test!

Card Format• Index card 1, front: Number 1 –

15 for multiple choice• Index card 1, reverse: Number

16 – 20 for short answer• Index card 2, front: 21• Index card 2, reverse: 22• Index card 3, front: 23• Index card 3, reverse: 24 and 25

Question 1Which of the following occurs in

all living organisms? (Choose only one.)

A) MitosisB) TranscriptionC) Reverse TranscriptionD) CancerE) Meiosis

Question 2Cancer results from a loss of

control over... (choose only one)A) MeiosisB) The cell cycle and mitosisC) TranslationD) The Calvin CycleE) PCR

Question 3During the light reactions of

photosynthesis, which of the following does NOT occur?

A) Energy from sunlight is captured by chlorophyll.

B) NADPH is produced from NADP+.

C) ATP is produced from ADP.

D) Carbon dioxide is converted into sugar.

E) Oxygen is released as waste.

Question 4Which of the following is NOT a

similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

A) Both include an electron transport chain to generate ATP from ADP.

B) Both involve transferring electrons via carrier molecules. (Examples: NADH, NADPH)

C) Both create energy that can be used by the organism to perform work.

D) In eukaryotes, both occur in specialized organelles.

Question 5These microarray results show levels of mRNA

for three different genes in cells from tumors and in normal cells. Which of these genes is a likely tumor suppressor – Gene A, Gene B, or Gene C?Cells Gene A Gene B Gene C

Patient 1’s tumor High Normal Normal

Patient 2’s tumor Normal Low Normal

Patient 3’s tumor High Normal Normal

Control (normal

cells)Normal Normal Normal

Question 6Which of the following organisms

can perform photosynthesis unaided? Choose all that apply.

A) CyanobacteriaB) PlantsC) AnimalsD) Protist algaeE) Fungi

Question 7Which of the following responses is

correctly ranked from smallest to largest?A) Gene, nucleotide base,

genome, chromosome B) Nucleotide base, gene,

chromosome, genomeC) Chromosome, gene,

nucleotide base, genomeD) Nucleotide base, gene,

genome, chromosomeE) Nucleotide base,

genome, chromosome, gene

Question 8Which of the following statements

about meiosis is true?A) The second division of meiosis

separates homologous chromosomes.B) The first division of meiosis separates

sister chromatids.C) Eggs and sperm are produced via

meiosis.D) Meiosis only occurs in prokaryotes.E) A somatic mutation is a mutation

during meiosis.

Question 9Consider the Punnett square

below. The circled letters represent the possible products of _______ from each parent.

A)MitosisB)TranscriptionC)TranslationD)MeiosisE)Fertilization

Question 10When making a fusion of green

fluorescent protein to an enzyme, I include a 24-base linker (see board). What would happen if I used a linker that was 25 bases long instead?A) There would be a frame shift, since codons are read in sets of 3 bases, and 25 isn’t divisible by 3.

B) There would be a nonsense mutation, since the linker would need to contain a stop codon.

C) There would be a missense mutation, since the second amino acid in the linker would be misread.

D) There would be a deletion, since codons are read in sets of two bases, and 25 isn’t divisible by 2.

Question 11A mouse dies and is buried in the backyard.

How could a carbon atom from that mouse plausibly end up inside a sugar molecule in an apple? Choose one.

A) It is taken up directly from the soil by the apple tree’s roots, then stored in the apple.B) The body of the mouse is decomposed by insects. The insects die, and the tree takes up their carbon from its roots.C) It is converted to energy in the air, which the tree uses for photosynthesis.D) It becomes carbon dioxide in the air, which is used by the tree for photosynthesis.

Question 12If a person has curly hair, that is an example of a…

A) GenotypeB) PhenotypeC) Meiotic productD) Transcriptional eventE) None of the above

Question 13During the HIV life cycle, reverse

transcriptase copies…A) RNA to make DNAB) DNA to make RNAC) Protein to make RNAD) RNA to make proteinE) DNA to make proteinF) Protein to make DNA

Question 14The most lethal poison in the death cap

mushroom (shown below) blocks transcription. Which of the following enzymes would you expect it to block from working?

A) DNA polymeraseB) RNA polymeraseC) Reverse

transcriptaseD) LactaseE) tRNA synthetase

Question 15How many genes and alleles are involved in the Punnett square shown at the lower right? A) Two genes on different chromosomes, each gene having two different alleles.B) One gene with four different alleles.C) Two genes on different chromosomes, each gene having one allele.D) One gene with two different alleles.

Question 16Answer in one word.

What is the name for the process of decoding mRNA to protein?

Question 17In eukaryotes, in which

organelle does that process occur?

Question 18Answer in one word.

What is the term for the DNA region directly next to a gene’s coding sequence where transcription factors bind to start transcription?

(NOT an enhancer!)

Question 19

Answer in one or two words.

Which part of photosynthesis incorporates carbon dioxide into sugar? (There are two acceptable answers.)

Question 20

Answer in one or two letters.

In the ABO system, which blood type can be safely donated to anybody?

Question 21Draw a simple diagram

using words and arrows to illustrate the relationship

between the following:DNA, protein, mRNA,

transcription, and translation

Question 22Suppose that a cell has four

chromosomes – a version of chromosome 1 from each parent, and a version of chromosome 2 from each parent. Labelling these chromosomes clearly, draw:

A) The cell immediately before meiosis I

B) The cells that result from meiosis IC) The cells that result from meiosis II

Question 23A) Draw a pedigree for the following family,

assuming that Disco Fever is a heritable disease trait.

• Marta, a girl, has Disco Fever. Her brother does not.

• Marta’s mother, Glenda, does not have Disco Fever. Her father, Juan, does not have it either.

• Juan’s mother, Michaela, does not have Disco Fever. Juan’s father, Rubin, does.

B) Is disco fever inherited in a dominant or recessive manner? Choose one.

C) Is disco fever autosomal or sex-linked? Choose one.

Question 24Martin has blood type A, and has a

heterozygous genotype. Sara has blood type O.

A)Draw a clearly labeled Punnett square showing the genotypes of possible offspring if Martin and Sara have children.

B)What are the possible blood types of the offspring? What is the probability for each blood type?

Question 25A) Which letters represent the four

possible bases in DNA?

B) Which letter represents the base that occurs in RNA, but NOT in DNA?