lectureppts unit06 edited - ms. solomon...microsoft powerpoint - lectureppts_unit06_edited...
TRANSCRIPT
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11/19/2018
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Notebook Page 73:How We Learn and Classical
Conditioning
How Do We Learn?• Learning = relatively permanent change
in organism’s behavior due to experience
• or interactions with the environment
• Change not always immediate
• Principles of Learning– Classical conditioning
– Operant conditioning
– Cognitive learning (Observational learning)
• We learn by association (which we get through experience)– Our minds naturally connect events
together that occur in sequence
Learning by Association
Event 1 Event 2
Seal learns to expect a snack for its showy antics
Classical Conditioning• Learning through association
Two related events:
Lightning and thunder
Results after repetition:
We see lightning and we wince anticipating
thunder
Operant Conditioning• Learning by connecting a response with a
consequence
Response:Being Polite
Consequence:Getting a treat
Behavior Strengthened
Classical Conditioning• Organism comes to associate two
stimuli and respondsAUTOMATICALLY
• Connects a new (conditioned) stimulus with a natural (unconditioned) stimulus, responding to both the same way
• Video
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Classical Conditioning
Before Conditioning
During Conditioning After Conditioning
UCS (foodin mouth)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
Nosalivation
UCR (salivation)
Neutralstimulus(tone)
UCS (foodin mouth)
UCR(salivation)
CS(tone)
CR (salivation)
Ivan Pavlov and Reflexive Responses
Before Conditioning
During Conditioning
After Conditioning
UCR (Salivation)
UCS (meat powder)
Classical Conditioning 3-T-ChartPavlov’s Experiment
I find it easier to start at the end and work backwards…
NS(bell)
CR (Salivation)
CS(bell)
(meat powder)
Acquisition
Generalization
Discrimination
• Extinction • Spontaneous recovery
Watson and Rayner: Little Albert
Before Conditioning
During Conditioning
After Conditioning
UCR (fear)
UCS (loud noise)
NS(rat)
CR (fear)
CS(rat)
(loud noise)
Unethical today. Why?Useful in explaining human survival. Why?