lectut een 112 ppt induction machines
TRANSCRIPT
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Induction Machines
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Construction
Squirrel Cage
Slip-ring
Or
Wound-rotor
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Stator
Rotor
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Revolving magnetic filed
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• Emf is induced in rotor conductors (of same frequency)
of rotor conductors & revolving magnetic flux.
• Since rotor bars forms closed circuit, rotor currents flow proportional to the relative speed and direction is such
the very cause which produces them (according to en
• So, the rotor starts rotating and tries to catch up with th
• #ut never succeeds, otherwise no relative speed, no rot
thus no rotor motion.
• So, the rotor speed is always slightly less than the sync
the rotating magnetic field.
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$enerally
+speed of rotating magnetic field, ()
rotor speed , ( )
relative speed of rotor w.r.t. rotating magnetic field %
hence frequency of the emf induced in the r
s
s
f N
P
N N N
N
=
<
∴
+
+
+
otor conductor
( ) ( )
+ +
( )
(+)
where slip (&
s s s
s
s
s
s
s
N N P N N N P f
N
N N f f
N
f sf
N N s
N
− −= = ×
−=
=
−= )
from (&),
or ( ) (-)
s s
s
sN N N
N s N
= −
= −
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+
he slip frequency rotor currents in the rotor winding produce their own magneti
rotating in the same direction at the speed (w.r.t. to rotor)
( )+
+ + (
s
s s
N N f
N f sf N N P P P
−
= = = − +)
Since the rotor is rotating at the speed / and its own flux is rotating at a speed (/
w.r.t to itself. 0ence net speed of the rotor field as seen from the stator (or ground
s
s
f N N PN
= −
s % / 1 (/ '/) % /
0ence the rotor field rotates with the same speed as the stator field i.e. the rotor f
stationary w.r.t. to stator field.he two synchronously rotatin
s
g magnetic fields sup
other and give rise to the actually existing rotating field corresponding with the m
of the stator winding.
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Starting Torque
E2
2 2 3242
Rotor side
+ +
+ +
+ ++ +
+ + + +
+ + + +
++
+ +
+ +
5s in case 67 motors orque
in case 4nduction motors cos
% cos
where & cos
.
a
s
T I
T I
T k I
E R I
R X R X
E T kE
R X
α ϕ
α φ ϕ
φ ϕ
ϕ = =+ +
=+
+
+ + +
+ ++ ++ ++ +
+
.
(as )
here
+ s
R E Rk
R X R X
E
k
N
φ α
π
=++
=
+
+
8ith applied voltage co
and thus E w
9
:or maximum starting t
sT k R
R
φ
=
=
(max) sT =
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Torque under Running Conditions
sE2
2 2 s3242
Rotor side
+ +
+ +
+ ++ +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ ++
+ + + +
+ + + +
+
cos
% cos
where & cos( ) ( )
. .( ) ( )
T I
T k I
sE R I
R sX R sX
sE RT kE
R sX R sX
sE T k
α φ ϕ
φ ϕ
ϕ = =
+ +=
+ +
=+
+
+ +
+ +( )
R
R sX +
+ +
+++
+(max)
+ ++
+
:or maximum torque
so the slip at which maximum trouq
.
dT
ds
R sX
R E
X T k
R R
X
=
=
=
+
+
+(max)
+
+
+(max)
+
+
% .
+ + s
E T k
X
E T
N X π
=
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Complete Torque-Slip Characteristics
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Induction Motor as Generalized Transformer i
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Induction Motor as Generalized Transformer quivalent
!hasor "iagram
!arameter Calculation
#o-load test $loc%ed Rotor test
Stator
Rotor
V
I
P
sc
sc
sc
V
I
P
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Single !hase Induction Moto
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No revolving feld – only pulsating feld
No self-starting
Due to single winding:
Revolving &ield Theor'
Construction
Slip of the rotor with forward rotating flux
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Slip of the rotor with forward rotating flux
Slip of the rotor with bac
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(
R1 X1I1
E
Eb
#o-)oad Test *s+, $loc%ed-Rotor Test *s+
quivalent Circuit of Single !hase Induction Motor
!" I!" #!
%&pen'
!
I!
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/0 Split 1 !hase Motor
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$0 Capacitor-Start Motor
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C0 !ermanent Split Capacitor Motor
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"0 Capacitor-Start Capacitor-Run Motor
Sh d d ! l I d ti M t
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0 Shaded !ole Induction Motors