leed green building study guide

8/13/2019 LEED Green Building Study Guide

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LEED Green Building Rating System

Reference Package Study Guide

This study guide is a summarization of the information in the LEED GreenBuilding Rating System Reference Package. It includes information ertaining to all

credits and their intents! en"ironmental and economical concerns and ad"antages!re#uirements! calculations! technologies and strategies! and resonsi$le integrated designteam mem$ers. The study guide should $e re"ie%ed in con&unction %ith the LEEDGreen Building Rating System document! Reference Package! LEED Letter Temlates!and the 'anadian Green Building 'ouncil %e$site (htt)**%%%.cag$c.org+.

This guide does not include e,act formulas and e,amles of credit calculations!%e$sites for reference! secific information on reference standards (i.e. -SR-E+!definitions! or case studies. This information can $e found in the Reference Package.

This study guide is meant as a study tool used to reare for the LEED -ccreditedProfessional E,am (htt)**%%%.cag$c.orgfor more information+. In rearation for thee,am! make sure to study %hich referenced standards (-SR-E! the State of 'alifornia

South 'oast -ir /uality 0anagement District (S'-/0D+ rules! Green Seal1s Standards!2orest Ste%ardshi 'ouncil (2S'+! etc.+ aly to %hich credits. Study the differences inercentages! re#uirements! and strategies $et%een similar credits (i.e. Building Reuse "s.Resource Reuse+. -lso! re"ie% the LEED rocess including the alication and re"ie%rocess! 'redit Interretation Re#uests ('IRs+! LEED letter temlates! and the roles ofdifferent integrated design team mem$ers.

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http://www.cagbc.org/http://www.cagbc.org/http://www.cagbc.org/http://www.cagbc.org/


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LEED Green Building Rating SystemReference ackage

Introduction (11-3!

4Green $uilding design stri"es to $alance en"ironmental resonsi$ility! resourceefficiency! occuant comfort and %ell$eing! community de"eloment and the economicsof $uilding construction and oeration5

The LEED standard ensures that the $uilding has met a rigorous and carefullydefined le"el of en"ironmental erformance (tailored for 'anadian climates! constructionractices! and regulations+. - LEED green $uilding)

6makes use of an integrated design rocess (including mem$ers of design!construction! and maintenance teams+6minimizes the en"ironmental stress on the site6has a thermally efficient en"eloe that reduces energy use

6makes otimal use of the $uilding1s form! orientation! materials and mass6has smaller and more efficient 7-' and lighting systems6uses %ater efficiently6has adata$le and sustaina$le interiors6uses interior finishes and installation ractices %ith lo%er to,ic emissions6makes use of landscaing that minimizes %ater and chemicals use! storm%aterrunoff and restores ground%ater sulies6suorts efficient tra"el otions for users

These ractices result in lo%er oerating costs! more adata$ility and increased occuantcomfort.

The LEED rating system is used to assess the erformance of commercial andinstitutional $uildings. It can also $e alied to retail! mid and high6rise residential$uildings! and u$lic assem$ly $uildings (in the future there %ill $e adatation guides formore secific $uilding tyes+. LEED alies to $uildings regulated $y 0odel 8ationalEnergy 'ode for Buildings (08E'B+ and 8atural Resources 'anada1s 'ommercialBuildings Incenti"es Program ('BIP+! $uildings greater than 9 storeys! $uildings 9storeys or less %ith $uildings areas greater than :;; s# m! $uildings 9 storeys or less thatcontain occuancies other than d%elling units! and multi6unit residential $uildings thatconform to the a$o"e and ha"e a common entrance. -dditions count as a stand alonero&ect. LEED does not aly to $uildings under art < of the =B' (single family homesor to%nhouses+. To%nhouses that are art of mi,ed use ro&ects %ill $e considered>ho%e"er! it is e,cluded from 'BIP incenti"es.

The LEED rating system ertains to : categories)Sustaina$le Sites?ater EfficiencyEnergy and -tmoshere0aterials and ResourcesIndoor En"ironmental /ualityInno"ation and Design Process

The rating system is comrised of rere#uisites (the minimum erformance in acategory! these do not contri$ute to the final oint score+ and credits (oints re%arded $y

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meeting intent of the credit and documenting e#ui"alent or $etter erformance+. Thenum$er of oints achie"ed $y the ro&ect determines its final rating)

'ertified (@:69@ oints+Sil"er (9969A oints+Gold (9


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Sustaina"le Sites #$er$ie% (33-3&!

Building and construction can $e destructi"e to local ecology! encroach onroducti"e farmland and oen sace! and encourage runoff (%hich diminishes local %ater#uality! recreation oortunities! and a#uatic life+. Sustaina$le sites aim to reduce the

imacts on re"iously unde"eloed land and*or imro"e re"iously contaminated sites.Proer site selection includes choosing an aroriate location (to reduce sra%l andautomo$ile use+ or using a $ro%nfield (taking ad"antage of e,isting infrastructure andser"ices+. Before selecting a site! the site geology! hydrology! "egetation! %ildlife! andsite history should $e e"aluated. -fter construction! the $uilding should $e $eneficial toits ne% en"ironment $y reducing the heat island effect and light ollution.

Issues that are imortant to de"eloing sustaina$le sites $ut are not included inLEED standards include stream6side rotection! ro,imity to amenities and ser"ices(%ithin %alking distance+! and imact on ad&acent roerties $eyond the secific site(increased %ind! decreased sunlight to surrounding $uildings and u$lic saces!sno%drifts+.

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Sustaina"le Sites

Prere'uisite 1 (3-)1!

Erosion * Sedimentation +ontrol

Design a sediment and erosion control lan (may also co"er storm%ater

management+ that re"ents the erosion and sedimentation of the site during constructionand occuation. - "ariance for this rere#uisite can $e o$tained %here measures to a"oiderosion are not re#uired (due to soil make6u! toograhy etc.+.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:

The clearing! earth mo"ing! destruction of "egetation! and reconfiguration ofgrading of the site during construction can lead to significant erosion and sedimentationro$lems if ade#uate en"ironmental rotection strategies are not emloyed. Storm%aterand high %inds %ill erode any unrotected and uncontained soil from the site degradingthe roerty! causing sedimentation of storm se%ers and recei"ing streams! olluting theair %ith dust! disruting stream ha$itats! and contaminating %aters.

Erosion control can also reduce storm%ater management measures. The use ofsecial lantings to retain soil can reduce %ater and maintenance of landscaing. Thegeotechnical reort re#uired to document soil conditions can also $e used for foundationdesign.

Requirements:To achie"e this Prere#uisite)

Identify the soil comosition on the ro&ect sitenco"er otential site ro$lemsDe"elo mitigation strategies

The documentation should include a statement of the o$&ecti"es! a comarison ofthe storm%ater runoff re and ost de"eloment! a descrition of temorary andermanent erosion control measures! and a descrition of the re#uired maintenance of theemloyed erosion control methods.

echnologies and !trategies:'onstruction dra%ings and secifications should outline the methods for

rotecting erosion6rone areas and sta$ilizing susceti$le areas during construction.Sta$ilization measures include seeding and mulching e,osed soil. Structural controlmeasures include earth dikes that di"ert storm%ater into sediment tras or $asins thatallo% for the settling of sediment! and silt fences that filter sediment from storm%ater.

eam member: Soil Engineer! Landscae -rchitect! 'ontractor


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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit 1 ()-),!

Site Selection

-"oid de"eloing on inaroriate sites (agricultural or forest land reser"es!

ecologically sensiti"e lands! endangered ha$itats! near flood lains or %etlands! andu$lic arks+ and reduce the en"ironmental imact of the location of the $uilding anda"ing on site. This credit does not allo% mitigation as a su$stitute for a"oidingde"eloment (of $uildings or %aste%ater treatment systems+ on inaroriate sites.-lthough not considered for this credit! stream6side rotection should also $e consideredduring site selection.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:Inaroriate site selection results in ha$itat encroachment and the destruction of

ecosystems. -"oiding de"eloment near flood lains eliminates the need for le"ees!%hich cause floods to $e con"eyed do%nstream! increase the "elocity of ri"ers! and

eliminate %etlands. Building on re"iously de"eloed sites reduces the imact on theimmediate en"ironment! reser"es unde"eloed land! and reduces arking needs andtra"el times.

-"oiding inaroriate sites can increase u$lic suort! lessen the mitigationcosts of de"eloing in a sensiti"e area! lessen the costs of roerty damage caused $ynatural disasters! and e"ade loss of roerty due to endangered secies litigation.

Requirements:

Documentation should include a LEED letter temlate declaring that the ro&ect isnot de"eloed on an inaroriate site $ased on the restricted criteria.

echnologies and !trategies:

?hen selecting the site)-"oid all sites listed in the restricted criteriaSet a reference for re"iously de"eloed sites that comlement the use'onsult rele"ant Pro"incial 0inistries to o$tain information related to

ecologically sensiti"e areas %ithin the roosed ro&ect "icinityIn"entory all imortant en"ironmental characteristics on the site sur"eyIncrease the density and decrease the footrint of the roosed $uildingIncororate e,isting natural features in the design

eam members: Landscae -rchitects! Ecologists! En"ironmental Engineers

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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit ()-&)!

De$elo.ment Density

De"eloment should $e channelled to ur$an areas %ith a current density of

39A;;mH er hectare (@ storey do%nto%n de"eloments+ and e,isting infrastructure inorder to rotect greenfields and reser"e ha$itat and natural resources. 'redite#ui"alence can $e achie"ed in)

-n area %here the target density %ill $e achie"ed $y ro&ect comletion- dense ur$an core %ith a lo% density residential district in the "icinity- master lan infill*re"iously de"eloed*contaminated site ro&ect

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:De"eloment searated from the ur$an core and other de"eloments has a lo%er

initial cost> ho%e"er! they create a deendence on automo$iles for commuting (%hichcontri$utes to air and %ater ollution+! destroy agricultural land! and neglect ur$an sites

that may fall into disuse and decay. De"eloment of greenfield sites re#uires ne%infrastructure! %hich has a great imact on the local en"ironment.r$an rede"eloment cur$s su$ur$an sra%l! makes use of e,isting infrastructure

and u$lic transit! and re#uires less arking caacity. There are municial incenti"es tohel deal %ith site constraints! contaminated soils and other issues related to ur$ande"eloment.

Requirements:

Documentation should include the density for the ro&ect and surrounding areaand an area lan. The ro&ect density is calculated $y di"iding the area of the $uilding $ythe area of the ro&ect site (%hich must also $e greater than 39A;;mH*ha+. The site area isused to determine the density radius (the amount of surrounding area included in thea"erage density calculation+. -dd the areas of all $uildings %ithin the density radius anddi"ide $y the area to determine the de"eloment density. Park sace is e,cluded fromde"eloment density calculation.

Documentation must ro"e that)The ro&ect is located in a central $usiness district*dense ur$an gro%th

area %ith e,isting de"eloment and infrastructureThe ro&ect is resulting in increased de"eloment density that meets the

goals of the ur$an de"eloment lan


?hen selecting the site)Gi"e reference to sites in an e,isting ur$an fa$ric0eet or e,ceed density goals of local ur$an de"eloment lan'hose sites $ased on e,isting infrastructure! transortation! and #uality6of6

life


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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit 3 (&&-1!

Rede$elo.ment of +ontaminated Sites

De"elo damaged sites that are comlicated $y real or ercei"ed en"ironmental

contamination and ro"ide remediation as re#uired.


Rede"eloment and remediation of locations a$andoned due to ercei"edcontamination from re"ious uses remo"es hazardous materials from soil andground%ater. This reduces the e,osure of humans and %ildlife to health risks resultingfrom en"ironmental ollution! reser"es greenfield sites! and makes use of e,istinginfrastructure.

'ontaminated sites may $e situated in attracti"e locations and cost less thanuncontaminated real estate. Reha$ilitating old sites can re"italize old neigh$ourhoodsand act as an incenti"e for other $uildings in the area. The roerty "alue should $e

%eighed against the cost of cleanu to see if rede"eloment is an economically "ia$leotion.

Requirements:

Documentation should ro"e the contamination of the site (that su$stances a$o"enormally occurring le"els are resent and are likely to ose a hazard to humans and*or theen"ironment+. - risk assessment %ill determine the tye and le"el of contaminationresent and %ill assign a ermanent classification to the site. The documentation shoulddescri$e the damage to the site and the remediation erformed to clean u and*or sta$ilizethe contaminants.


-fter the risk assessment is comlete! the o%ner1s and future occuants1ercetion of the $uilding should $e e"aluated to see %hether or not reha$ilitation is arealistic otion.

De"elo a master lan for site remediation. Se"eral remediation strategies should$e in"estigated in order to identify the most $eneficial and least e,ensi"e. Thecontaminants can either $e sta$ilized and isolated from human e,osure or remediated.=nly esta$lished remediation technologies that imose minimal site disrution and do notha"e any ad"erse en"ironmental imlications should $e used. -fter reha$ilitation!continue to monitor the site for the identified contaminants.

Remediation technologies include)Pum6and6treat (chemicals treated %ith a hysical or chemical rocess+Bioreactors on site'ontaminant disosalSolar*$iological deto,ification (ne% technologies intended to lo%er the

cost of remediation in the future+

eam members: Remediation e,erts! 'ontractor

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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit ) (-,,!

/lternati$e 0rans.ortation

)1 Pu"lic 0rans.ortation /ccess

Locate the $uilding close to fre#uent (e"ery @;69; min in ur$an saces and 9;6Fmin in su$ur$s+ u$lic transortation including $uses (%ithin F;;m of @ different $uslines not including school $uses+! commuter rail! light rail! and su$%ay stations (%ithinA;;m+ to reduce ollution and land de"eloment imacts from automo$ile use. Park andride locations for $uses are not the same as commuter rail stations as $uses consume ;more energy*assenger than commuter rails. 'redit e#ui"alence can $e achie"ed $yesta$lishing a ermanent ri"ate shuttle ser"ice to connect the $uildings to u$lictransortation (including a descrition of the schedule! fre#uency! caacity of the shuttle!%hich must ro"ide commuter as %ell as eriodical ser"ice+

) Bicycle Storage * +2anging Rooms

2or commercial or institutional $uildings! ro"ide secure $icycle storage (can $eunco"ered+ %ith con"enient sho%er facilities for of regular $uilding occuants (fulltime staff or e#ui"alents+ to reduce ollution and land de"eloment imacts fromautomo$ile use. 2or residential $uildings! ro"ide co"ered $icycle storage for 3 of$uilding occuants. This could $e accomlished $y ro"iding co"ered outdoor $ikestorage or $y hanging fi,tures in each aartment.

)3 /lternati$e uel 4e2icles

Pro"ide either)igh efficiency hy$rid or alternati"e fuel "ehicles for 9 of occuants and

referred arking for these "ehicles or!-lternati"e6fuel refuelling stations (electric! roane! hydrogen fuel cells+

%ithin ;;m of the site for 9 of the "ehicle arking caacity of thesite

to reduce ollution caused $y automo$ile use. ?here electrical refuelling stations are$eing ro"ided! there must $e electric "ehicle station hard%are manufactured for thisurose> electrical outlets do not constitute "ehicle charging stations. -t the stations!educational materials must $e ro"ided that refer occuants to resources for research andurchase. The use of auto cooerati"es (Jicars+ %ill $e recognized %here there is acontract for @ years that ser"es 9 of occuants.

)) Parking +a.acity

Pro"ide designated arking for carools! "anools or car co6os (under @ yearcontract+ e#ual to 3; of non6"isitor arking saces and either)

Size arking caacity to meet (not e,ceed+ zoning re#uirements or!-dd no ne% arking for reha$ilitation ro&ects (unless there is a change in use+.

Bus and shuttle $us saces do not count as carool or automo$ile arking. The ro&ectshould demonstrate the stes it is taking to encourage carooling! such as signage andeducation efforts.


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Reducing ri"ate automo$ile use sa"es energy and reduces automo$ile associateden"ironmental ro$lems. -utomo$ile infrastructure (roads and arking+ dissects oene,anses relied on $y %ildlife for migration and foraging! contri$utes to erosion and

storm%ater runoff resulting in the ollution of recei"ing %aters! and contri$utes to theur$an heat island effect. - reduction in automo$ile infrastructure %ould allo% for moreu$lic green sace and natural areas or ermit greater de"eloment density. -utomo$ilee,haust releases air and %ater ollutants %hich contri$ute to acid rain and are harmful tohumans. There are also many negati"e en"ironmental imacts associated %ith thee,tracting! refining! and transortation of crude oil for gasoline roduction.

-lternati"e methods of transortation %ill $e adoted if they are con"enient andfacilities are ro"ided to encourage their use. o%e"er! alternati"e fuel "ehicles stillcause ollution at the tailie or o%er lant and are not en"ironmentally $enign.

Pro"iding smaller arking areas %ill result in lo%er initial costs and lo%erstorm%ater charges (%here alica$le+. Pro,imity to transit is $eneficial to the "alue and

marketa$ility of the $uilding (although the land may $e more e,ensi"e+.

Requirements:Documentation should include letter temlates and site dra%ings highlighting the

location and #uantity of facilities. The 2ull Time E#ui"alent (2TE calculation for thenum$er of full6time occuants during the most occuied shift $ased on total %orker hoursdi"ided $y A+ is used to determine the num$er of $ike storage saces re#uired ( 2TE+and sho%er stalls (3 stall for e"ery A storage saces+. Bike storage must $e free of chargeand can include racks! lockers and*or storage rooms. Sho%ers can $e either unit or groufacilities. -lternati"e fuelling stations should ser"ice 9 of the total arking saces.'arool saces should $e ro"ided for 3; of the 2TE di"ided $y @ occuants er"ehicle.


Encourage the use of u$lic transit $y taing into e,isting transit lines!landscaing transit stos and stations! ro"iding transit asses for occuants! andallo%ing for telecommuting and %orking from home. Encourage $iking $y ro"idingade#uate storage! locating the sho%ering facilities near$y! and ro"iding landscaing.Encourage carooling*sharing of facilities $y ro"iding referred arking areas andeliminating su$sidies for non6carool "ehicles. Encourage the use of alternati"e fuel"ehicles %ith @F;7 recetacles for electric "ehicles and refuelling stations for natural gas"ehicles comlete %ith comressors and disensers. -lso! in"estigate the ossi$ility ofsharing facilities %ith near$y $uildings and $et%een occuants.

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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit & (,-!

Reduced Site Distur"ance

&1 Protect or Restore #.en S.ace

'onser"e e,isting natural areas and restore damaged areas to ro"ide ha$itat andromote $iodi"ersity. Either)Limit site distur$ance (earth%ork! clearing of "egetation+ to 3@m $eyond the

$uilding erimeter! 3.m $eyond site infrastructure! and .m $eyondimermea$le surfaces or!

Restore a minimum of ; of the site area (e,cluding $uilding footrint+ $yrelacing imer"ious surfaces %ith nati"e or adati"e "egetation onre"iously de"eloed sites

-dati"e secies are those %hich do not re#uire irrigation or fertilizers to flourish.0onocultures of a single secies (i.e. turf grass+ do not meet the intent of the credit asthey do not romote $iodi"ersity. E,isting turf grass areas! agricultural areas (%hich

ha"e not re"erted $ack to a sta$le natural ecosystem+! or high maintenance ornamentallandscaing (that does not meet the intent of $eing nati"e or adati"e+ can $e consideredre"iously de"eloed and relaced %ith a more di"erse ha$itat area.

The $uilding footrint does not include shade structures or canoies> ho%e"er! itdoes include $uilding o"erhangs (recessing the first floor %alls does not reduce the sitearea imacted $y the $uilding+. If the $uilding is art of a master lan! restore aminimum of ; of the total site area (e,cluding $uilding footrints+ and include thehases and timeline of the lan %ith the documentation.

& De$elo.ment oot.rint

Reduce the de"eloment footrint ($uilding footrint! access roads! and arking+to e,ceed the local zoning1s sace re#uirement for the site $y @. ?here there is nozoning re#uirement (i.e. uni"ersity camuses+! designate oen sace area ad&acent to the$uilding! e#ual to the $uilding footrint. =n camuses! $uildings can also $e clusteredtogether %ith the oen sace ad&acent to the cluster (this creates a more contiguousha$itat! %hich is suerior to small isolated natural saces+. Set aside a minimum of @of the site as oen sace %here there is a ; lot line $uilda$le area. If the ro&ect is art ofa master lan! designate a minimum of ; of the total site area (e,cluding $uildingfootrints+ as oen sace.

=en sace refers to the roerty area minus the de"eloment footrint. It must$e "egetated and er"ious! thus ro"iding ha$itat and other ecological ser"ices. -rtificialturf on to of a arking structure is not considered oen sace for this credit.

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De"eloment of greenfields distur$s and destroys %ildlife and lant ha$itats and

%ildlife corridors that allo% for migration. This ushes the animals from their originalha$itats until they $ecome cro%ded and o"eroulated. They may in"ade de"elomentsin search of a ne% ha$itat or erish. 0inimizing site distur$ance reduces ha$itatdestruction and the threats imosed on indi"idual secies and $iodi"ersity. Strict$oundaries are re#uired to limit de"eloment and the e,tent of construction acti"ities.

The reser"ation of tosoil! lants! and trees can reduce landscaing andmaintenance costs and increase roerty "alue. Trees and lants can either $e reser"edin their original locations or sa"ed to $e relanted after construction. Reducing the$uilding footrint %ill force the design to $e more comact. - more comact $uilding ismore efficient and has reduced material! energy! oeration! and maintenance costs.Reduced earth%ork! shorter utility lines! and reduced a"ing area %ill also result in lo%er

initial costs.

Requirements:Documentation should demonstrate the construction $oundaries or ercentages of

oen sace %ith references to local zoning re#uirements.

echnologies and !trategies:Design a master lan for ro&ect area $ased on a sur"ey of the e,isting

ecosystems! soil conditions! %ater elements! %ildlife corridors! "egetation! and allotential natural hazards. Proose strategies to mitigate the negati"e imacts of thero&ect on natural and $uilt systems. 'hoose a de"eloment footrint and location that%ill minimize distur$ance (in consideration %ith other sustaina$le $uilding issues relatedto site selection+. Tighten the rogram re#uirements and stack the floor lans to create asmaller footrint. During construction esta$lish clearly marked $oundaries and note siterotection re#uirements in construction documents)

Delineate lay do%n! recycling! and disosal areasse a"ed areas for staging acti"itiesErect construction fencing around the dri line of e,isting trees to rotect from

damage and soil comactionEsta$lish enalties for any destruction outside of the $oundaries'oordinate construction traffic to minimize disrution of the site

?ork %ith e,isting toograhy and restore the nati"e landscae of the site to re6esta$lishrede"eloment conditions.

eam members: Landscae -rchitect! Ecologist

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Sustaina"le Sites

+redit (,-55!

Storm%ater 6anagement

1 Rate and 7uantity

Storm%ater runoff must $e managed in order to limit the disrution and ollutionof natural %ater flo%s. If e,isting imer"iousness is less than or e#ual to ;! make surethat the ost6de"eloment discharge rate does not e,ceed re6de"eloment. If e,istingimer"iousness is greater than ;! imlement a storm%ater management lan thatresults in a @ decrease in the rate and #uantity of storm%ater runoff (%hich is directlyrelated to the area of imer"ious surfaces+. Infiltration $asins should infiltrate allentering %ater %ithin @ hours. - common storm%ater treatment system that is integralto se"eral ro&ects can $e counted for this credit for each $uilding. Storm%ater cisternsmay $e used to achie"e this credit as long as they meet the re#uired ercentages of rateand #uantity of runoff.

0reatmentLimit the disrution of natural %ater flo%s $y eliminating storm%ater runoff!increasing on6site infiltration! and eliminating contaminants. 'onstruct a storm%atertreatment system that remo"es A; of ost6de"eloment total susended solids (TSS+and F; of the ost6de"eloment total hoshorous (TP+ $y imlementing Best0anagement Practices. Performance of de"ices such as 4stormcetors5 must $edocumented. The ercentages are fle,i$le deending on %hich contaminant is a greaterlocal ro$lem. 'ontaminants can also $e remo"ed $efore they enter the %ater (safe lansfor cleaning agents and fertilizers must $e included in the documentation+. - ro&ect canalso achie"e this credit $y demonstrating that 3;; of the first @mm of rainfall is fullyinfiltrated or collected in cisterns.

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The "olume of storm%ater generated from a site deends on the imer"ioussurface area. In an ur$an de"eloment there are less er"ious surfaces and morestorm%ater that must $e transorted %ith ur$an infrastructure (significant amount ofmaintenance! great imact on ecological de"eloment footrint+ to recei"ing %aters.

Storm%ater runoff contains oil! fuel! lu$ricants! com$ustion $y6roducts! materials fromtire %ear! de6icing salts! sediment! fertilizers! etc. that ha"e negati"e effects on %ater#uality. Reducing the generation of storm%ater %ould encourage the natural a#uiferrecharge cycle of e"aoration and infiltration! re#uire less municial infrastructure! andha"e less imact on recei"ing %aters! na"igation! and recreation.

If drainage systems are designed at the onset of site lanning! they can $e easilyand economically integrated. The rice of collection and infiltration e#uiment is offset$y allo%ing the use of much smaller storm%ater se%er systems. 'ertain storm%atermanagement features ($io6s%ales! infiltration onds! constructed %etlands+ can increaseamenity "alue of ad&acent roerties.

Requirements:Documentation should demonstrate the le"el of imer"iousness and rate and#uantity of runoff re and ost de"eloment. It should descri$e the treatment racticesimlemented and ro"e that the minimum treatment has $een e,ceeded. The imer"iousarea of each surface material is calculated $y multilying its area $y its runoff coefficient.These areas are added u to determine total imer"ious area. Di"ide the imer"ious area$y the site area to get the site imer"iousness. 8o calculations are re#uired to determinethe treatment ercentages %hen using the B0Ps for 'redit :.@.

echnologies and !trategies:Reduce the imer"ious area $y designing a smaller footrint (clustering $uildings

and roads+ and utilizing green roofs! er"ious a"ing! and underground arking'ature storm%ater from imer"ious areas to reuse %ithin the $uilding (se%age

con"eyance! fire suression! industrial alications+Remo"e contaminants and ollutant load %ith $iologically $ased and inno"ati"e

storm%ater management features)'onstructed %etlands 6 mimic natural %etland treatment roerties7egetated filter stris and grassed s%ales 6 filter sediment and ollutants2iltration $asin 6 remo"es sediment and ollutantsDetention onds 6 cature runoff and allo% ollutants to dro out $efore release

to %ater $ody'ontrol the release of runoff to local %ater $odies

Infiltration $asins and trenches 6 temorary surface storagePorous a"ing 6 allo%s runoff to infiltrate (often need "acuuming to unclog+Bios%ales 6 re#uire less maintenance than ies and constructed infrastructure

0ake sure not to distur$ e,isting %etlands and $uffers %hen constructing storm%atermanagement features.

eam members: Storm%ater 0anagement E,ert! Landscae -rchitect

3F


15/61

Sustaina"le Sites

+redit , (188-11!

9eat Island Effect

,1 :on-Roof

Pro"ide shade! use reflecti"e materials! and*or oen grid a"ement on at least9; of the non6roof imer"ious surfaces (arking! %alk%ays! lazas+ to reduce the ur$anheat island effect. =ther%ise! ro"ide ; underground or co"ered arking! or use anoen grid a"ing system for ; of the arking lot area! or use a com$ination ofmethods. Less reflecti"e materials can $e used o"er a greater area! as long as the a"eragestill e,ceeds the re#uirement.

, Roof

se Energy Star comliant high emissi"ity roofing (emissi"ity of at least ;.


16/61


-s the $uilding en"ironment e,ands and relaces natural settings it loses itsecological ser"ices (i.e. the shade and cooling ro"ided $y "egetation+. Dark! non6reflecti"e arking! roofing! and landscaing contri$ute to the ur$an heat island $y

a$sor$ing sunlight and radiating heat. This increases am$ient temeratures $y a$out.Kc comared to unde"eloed areas resulting in an increase in 7-' re#uirements!cooling loads! energy re#uirements! and infrastructure. The increased temerature alsocreates a local microclimate! %hich is detrimental to site ha$itat! %ildlife and migrationcorridors as some animal oulations are "ery sensiti"e to temerature change. Shadingand reflecti"e materials can reduce the ur$an heat island effect.

The addition of trees and shading de"ices may add e,tra initial cost! $ut theay$ack incurred from lo%er cooling cost and 7-' re#uirements is su$stantial.

These techni#ues may not result in any energy $enefits for cold climates.

Requirements:

Documentation should include letter temlates and a site lan demonstrating areasof a"ing! landscaing and $uilding footrint and ercentages of roof co"erage. Thereflectance and emittance of all materials should $e included. 9; of the non6roofimer"ious re#uirements must come from shade. 4Parking lot area5 only refers to sacese,osed to direct sunlight. ?hen calculating the effecti"e roof co"erage of reflecti"e*lo%emissi"e roofing used in con&unction %ith green roofing! green roof area accounts for 3.time the reflecti"e roof area (3. , green roof area C reflecti"e roof area roof area+.


Shade constructed surfaces %ith landscaing and minimize de"eloment footrint.Relace constructed surfaces %ith "egetated! ermea$le! or high6al$edo (reflectance+materials to reduce heat a$sortion.

"on#roof technologies:Pa"ing materials generally lo% reflectance o"er lifetime (%hite6cement

concrete1s reflectance is lo%er after %eathering+'oatings and integral colorants imro"e reflectance=en grid a"ing uses e"aoration to decrease am$ient temeratures7egetation and architectural shades $lock direct sunlight radiance (deciduous

trees! shru$s! non6in"asi"e "ines allo% for heat gain in the %inter+Roof technologies:-shalt shingle roofing effecti"e in stee sloe alications'oatings reflecti"e! rotect materials from 7 damage! should $e cleanedGarden roofs cool $y caturing and e"aorating %ater! may re#uire

maintenance! e,tend the lifetime of the mem$rane0em$rane roof cooling mem$ranes can $e made of) EPD0! 'SPE! P7'! TP=0etal roofing highly reflecti"e $are or coated

eam members: Roofing Secialists! Landscae -rchitect

3:


17/61

Sustaina"le Sites

+redit (113-1)!

Lig2t Pollution Reduction

Lighting should $e carefully designed to imro"e #uality and uniformity of

lighting %hile eliminating light tresass! imro"ing night sky access! and reducing theimact of sky glo% on nocturnal en"ironments. Lighting design should a$ide $y theIES8- re#uirements for lighting uniformity! shielding! interior lighting! and lightingtresass. Proerly designed lighting %ill diminish glare! imro"e safety! $e uno$trusi"eto neigh$ours! and minimize the #uantity of 4%asted light5. o%e"er! e"en %ith the $estdesign and technology! some light %ill $e reflected into the atmoshere.

This credit does allo% some ulighting (for lighting flags! etc.+ as long as allcredit re#uirements are met. If trees are $eing ulit! the le"el of luminance should $estudied %ith and %ithout lea"es and attention should $e aid to ho% the the tree1sdormancy cycles are affected. ?here an a%ning is ulit! it must catch all of the light.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:Light ollution is caused $y stray light that illuminates articles in the atmosherelimiting access to the night sky! comromising astronomical research! affecting nocturnalen"ironments! and needlessly consuming energy. ?hen roerly designed andmaintained lighting can ro"ide safety and con"enience! e,tend night time access! andadd to the sense of lace as %ell as address en"ironmental issues. 'areful design canreduce the infrastructure! energy use! and maintenance associated %ith lighting.

Requirements:

Documentation should include the lighting zone designation (determines therecommended ma,imum illuminance le"els+> a site lan sho%ing the luminaire scheduleand shielding> a comuter model sho%ing lighting le"els! uniformities! and loss factors>light tresass calculations> and diagrams indicating the e,tent of interior lighting.


Emloy a lighting rofessional to assess the ro&ect1s lighting needs! recommendlighting otions for sustaina$le design! determine the lighting zone! identify ossi$le lighttresass areas! and create a comuter model to simulate lighting erformance. seminimum lighting e#uiment and limit the use of nonessential (landscae! signage! andarchitectural+ lighting. Eliminate all unshielded fi,tures and ro"ide full cut6offs forlights o"er 9;; lumens and semi cut6offs for 3;;; lumens (may re#uire e"en moreshading deending on the situation+. 'ontrol lighting %ith motion sensors! hotocells!steed dimming! automatic s%itching! and time clocks and turn off lighting after hours.Limit e,terior ulighting (a$o"e


18/61

;ater Efficiency #$er$ie% (1&!

@ of the Earth1s fresh%ater is in 'anada %ith 3@@ $illion Litres e,tracted eachday to suort residential! commercial! industrial! agricultural and recreation acti"ities.The rate of %ater %ithdra%al increased


19/61

;ater Efficiency

+redit 1 (1-13,!

;ater Efficient Landsca.ing

11 Reduce "y &8 although non6ota$le %ater is e#ually effecti"e. 8ati"e

landscaes (Neriscaes or 4dry landscaing5+ ha"e lo%er irrigation re#uirements! re#uirefe%er fertilizers and esticides (%hich imact %ater #uality+! attract nati"e %ildlife! andcreate a $uilding site that is integrated %ith its natural surroundings.

sing less ota$le %ater %ill sa"e on utility costs! %hich are e,ected to escalatedue to o"er6consumtion. -lthough micro6irrigation systems ha"e a greater design costthan con"entional systems! the ay$ack is significant due to lo%er %ater use andmaintenance costs. Landscaing costs are reduced $y retaining e,isting lants andgro%ing indigenous secies that re#uire less maintenance and %atering.

Requirements:

The documentation should comare the irrigation "olume of ota$le %ater for the

designed system "s. a $ase6line con"entional system. To calculate the amount of totalota$le %ater alied to a gi"en landscaing area calculate the$andscape Coefficientforeach landscaing area (the amount of %ater lost from e"aotransiration 6 deends onsecies! num$er of lants and leaf area! and en"ironmental conditions+. 'alculate theEvapotranspiration Rateof the secific landscae (landscae coefficient multilied $yamount of %ater needed to gro% lants in the secific region+. 'alculate the otal%otable &ateralied to the gi"en area for Muly (the landscaed area multilied $y thee"aotransiration rate! di"ided $y the irrigation efficiency of the irrigation systems.Su$tract the "olume of non6ota$le %ater that %ill $e used for irrigation+.

Less ota$le %ater %ill $e used if there is a smaller landscaed area! a lo%ere"aotransiration rate! and higher efficiency irrigation systems used. Reeat thecalculations for a $ase6line case using con"entional lant secies and irrigation systems.


Perform a soil and climate analysis to determine most adata$le and suita$lelants that %ill not re#uire ermanent irrigation. Detail a seasonal maintenance scheduleto otimize landscae health (including integrated est management! mulching!alternati"e mo%ing! and comosting+. De"elo a %ater use $ase6line %ith %hich tocomare the efficiency of the design. Plan the irrigation systems to include)

Roof6%ater or ground%ater collection systems use metal! clay! and concreteroofing materials as ashalt and lead containing materials contaminate %aterand use filter systems to ensure %ater #uality

Grey %ater recycling %ater from $uilding systems that don1t in"ol"e human%aste*food rocessing! check to see if $ack6flo% re"ention de"ices re#uired

0unicially recycled %ater suly systemsigh6efficiency irrigation systems 6 deli"er


21/61

;ater Efficiency

+redit (13-1),!

Inno$ati$e ;aste%ater 0ec2nologies

Reduce the use of municially ro"ided ota$le %ater for $uilding se%agecon"eyance and*or treat site %aste%ater and increase the local a#uifer recharge. Reser"e

ota$le %ater for secific alications only. The otimization of rocess %ater (%aterfrom cooling to%ers! dish%ashers! and clothes %ashers+ is not co"ered $y this credit andcould $e eligi$le for an Inno"ation in Design credit.


'on"entional %aste%ater systems re#uire significant "olumes of ota$le %ater tocon"ey %aste to treatment facilities. The use of %aste%ater controlling technologies canreduce se%age "olume generation ($lack6%ater+ and result in considera$le sa"ings.sing recycled %ater from the site %ill reduce runoff and the re#uirement for utilityro"ided %ater. =n6site treatment technologies are more efficient and reduce %aste%aterinfrastructure! energy consumtion! and chemical use. ?aste can $e con"erted for

ota$le and non6ota$le use and $e used to imro"e soil conditions.?aste%ater technologies add to initial cost and may re#uire a searate tank!filters! dual lum$ing lines! and more maintenance. They are most cost6effecti"e %henused %here there is no municial %ater suly (rural areas+! %ells are unrelia$le! %aterre#uires treatment! or to a"oid the a#uifer contamination ro$lems of current seticsystem technology. ?etlands used to treat %aste%ater can add "alue to the site %hilero"iding flood rotection and sta$ilizing the soil.

Requirements:

The documentation should use %aste%ater calculations ($ased on the annualgeneration of $lack6%ater "olumes from lum$ing fi,tures deends on fi,tures!fre#uency! occuants! and %orkdays+ to comare the design case %ith a $aseline case.2or the design case! su$tract the annual "olume of rain%ater (deends on collection area!efficiency! and a"erage rainfall+ or grey6%ater collected from the %aste%ater "olume todetermine the "olume of ota$le %ater used for se%age. The $aseline case usescon"entional fi,ture flo% rates and does not include %ater recycled from the site.


De"elo a %aste%ater in"entory and determine the demand! a"aila$ility! andotential uses for recycled %ater. Plan to install dual lum$ing lines if it is likely thatgrey6%ater %ill $e used in the future. Grey6%ater systems re#uire an o"erflo% de"ice!ota$le %ater makeu (%hen %ater suly is insufficient+! filters! and ums. se lo%6flo%! automatically controlled! or dry lum$ing fi,tures (comosting toilets or %aterlessurinals+. Determine the #uantity of %aste%ater and select a treatment strategy(constructed %etlands! sand filters! aero$ic $iological treatment reactors! modular%aste%ater treatment systems+ that %ill treat %ater to tertiary (highest treatment+standards. Discuss the recycling and treatment systems %ith the health deartment toensure adherence to codes! ermit la%s! and maintenance re#uirements.

eam members: 0echanical and Electrical Engineers! 'ontractor

@3


22/61

;ater Efficiency

+redit 3 (1)-1&!

;ater =se Reduction

31 8< Reduction

3 38< Reductionse %ater reduction strategies that are more efficient than $aseline fi,tures andreduce the ota$le %ater consumtion $y @; or 9; to reduce the $urden on municial(or %ell+ %ater suly and %aste%ater systems. The ro&ect must make use of roacti"e%aste%ater technologies> %ater use cannot simly $e reduced. To achie"e this credit! onsite ad&ustment strategies can $e used as long as they are ermanent (cannot $e tamered%ith+! measured and "erified! and continue to ro"ide acceta$le erformance.=timization of rocess %ater (%ater from cooling to%ers! dish%ashers! and clothes%ashers+ is not included in the calculations.


There are many %ays to e,ceed current standards! achie"e greater %ater sa"ings!and reduce ota$le %ater use in $uilding lum$ing fi,tures. Toilet flushing uses the most%ater in residential and commercial $uildings. Reducing %ater use decreases the amountof %ater %ithdra%n from fresh %ater $odies! energy and chemicals used at municialtreatment facilities! infrastructure re#uired! and se%age generated. It rotects the natural%ater cycle and sa"es %ater resources for the future.

?ater6conser"ing fi,tures may ha"e a greater initial cost and re#uire moremaintenance and e#uiment> ho%e"er! they result in significant oerational sa"ings.They reduce oerating costs and sta$ilize municial ta,es and %ater rates.

Requirements:

The documentation should use ota$le %ater use calculations ($ased on the annualota$le %ater "olumes used $y lum$ing fi,tures deends on fi,tures! fre#uency andduration! occuants! and %orkdays+ to comare the design case %ith a $aseline case. Thedesign case uses all fi,tures actually installed (ne% and remaining+ and takes into accountthe annual "olume of rain%ater (deends on collection area! efficiency! and a"eragerainfall+ or grey6%ater collected to determine the "olume of ota$le %ater used forse%age. The $aseline case uses fi,tures that meet the re#uirements of Ta$le 3 (. 3FA+and does not include recycled %ater.


De"elo a %ater use in"entory of all fi,tures! e#uiment! and seasonal conditions.Identify significant ota$le %ater demands and determine methods to minimize oreliminate them. Secify %ater6conser"ing lum$ing fi,tures that e,ceed fi,turere#uirements and consider control technologies) aerators (that do not alter the feel of the%ater flo%+! sensor faucets (reduce duration $y @;+! ressure6assisted and dual flushtoilets! %aterless urinals! and comosting toilets. Discuss the %ater reducingtechnologies %ith the health deartment to ensure adherence to codes.

eam members:0echanical Engineer

@@


23/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere #$er$ie% (1&5-13!

Energy used for the heating! lighting! and cooling of $uildings accounts for a largeercentage (aro,imately A+ of their en"ironmental imacts! %hich are caused on siteand from rimary energy roduction.

8egati"e imacts from fossil fuel o%er generation occur during e,traction!transortation! refining! o%er generation! and distri$ution. 2ossil fuels release car$ondio,ide that contri$utes to glo$al climate change (coastal floods! se"ere droughts! heat%a"es! and disease migration+. 'oal6fired utilities emit nitrogen o,ide (smog+ andsulhur dio,ide (contri$utes to acid rain+. 'oal e,traction disruts ha$itat! de"astateslandscae! causes acidic %ater runoff! roduces sludge (can affect community ota$le%ater sulies+! and emits fine articulate matter (cannot $e cleared from the lungs!causing cancer and resiratory illnesses+.

8atural gas is a ma&or source of nitrogen o,ides and greenhouse gasses. 8uclearo%er has an increased otential for catastrohic accidents and raises significant %astetransortation and disosal issues. ydroelectric o%er generation disruts natural %ater

flo%s! distur$s ha$itats! and deletes fish oulations.se an integrated design rocess and erformance targets to de"elo green!energy efficient facilities. Energy efficient $uildings reduce the deletion of non6rene%a$le energy resources! reduce the en"ironmental imacts associated %ith rimaryenergy roduction! encourage the use of rene%a$le energy sources %ith lo%en"ironmental imacts! and increase occuant comfort. There are many economical andreadily achie"a$le energy reducing ractices that roduce e,cellent return rates.

Issues that affect the imacts on energy and atmoshere $ut are not included inLEED 'anada68' include em$odied energy (energy re#uired to roduce $uildingmaterials and construction+! green house gas roduction! roduction of gases leading toacidification emissions (reducing energy on site may or may not indicate a directreduction of gases+! and adata$ility to future changes in energy suly.

@9


24/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

Prere'uisite 1 (1)-1,&!

undamental Buildings Systems +ommissioning

7erify that all fundamental $uilding elements and systems are designed! installed

and cali$rated to oerate as intended follo%ing fundamental $est ractice commissioningrocedures. Elements and systems include 7-'! ducts and iing! $uilding en"eloe!energy sources! lighting! ota$le %ater use technologies! %ater recycling systems! %atertreatment systems! and all other ad"anced erformance technologies. 'ommissioningincludes ractices from the traditional T-B (testing! ad&usting! and $alancing+ reort.


'ommissioning maintains ro&ect focus on high erformance $uilding rincilesthat ma,imize energy efficiency! air #uality! and occuant comfort and minimizenegati"e en"ironmental imacts associated %ith energy roduction and consumtion. Itincreases oerational cost sa"ings and occuant roducti"ity. It decreases emloyee

illness! tenant turno"er! lia$ility related to indoor air #uality! and remature e#uimentrelacement. It imro"es the ro&ect design and construction $y imro"ing constructiondocuments! ro"iding ongoing site re"ie%s! and minimizing contractor call6$acks.

Requirements

Documentation should include team mem$ers! design intent! $asis of design!commissioning lan! oeration and maintenance manuals! and commissioning reort.


-t ro&ect commencement! create a commissioning team (o%ner! occuants! staff!design rofessionals! and contractors+ and designate a commissioning authority (someonefrom the o%ner1s staff %ho %ill reresent and reort directly to him*her! a third arty! orsomeone not resonsi$le for design! management or construction+. -ssem$le the ro&ectintent including all of the measura$le! documenta$le! and "erifia$le o%ner1s o$&ecti"es.The design should demonstrate ho% each re#uirement is met throughout all designhases. The commissioning lan should co"er all $uilding systems (including tenant fit6u and imro"ements+! %ill e"ol"e %ith the rocess! and %ill $e included in constructionand $id documents. 'omlete installation "erification! start6u and check out! samling("erification that all tests ha"e $een successfully comleted on an ongoing $asis tocatch ro$lems $efore the comlete system checkout+! and functional testing (include testrocedures and results+ for all elements and systems. Systems should $e tested at allmodes including start6u! normal! shutdo%n! unoccuied! manual! alarms! $acku! andseasonal changeo"er. 7erify that training %as conducted to ensure otimal use!maintenance! and relacement of elements o"er the ro&ect1s life. 'reate oeration andmaintenance manuals for all e#uiment at all modes. Present the o%ner %ith acommissioning reort highlighting the systems1 le"el of comliance %ith originalre#uirements and all outstanding commissioning issues. 'ommissioning concludes afterone year of occuancy %ith a %arranty re"ie% and lessons6learned meeting.

eam members:'ommissioning -gent! 'ontractor

@F


25/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

Prere'uisite (1,-1,!

6inimum Energy Performance

Esta$lish the minimum le"el of energy efficiency for the $ase $uilding and

systems according to either 08E'B or -SRE-*IES8-


26/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

Prere'uisite 3 (1-153!

++ Reduction in 94/+ * R E'ui.ment and Elimination of 9alons

Reduce ozone deletion $y eliminating the use of '2'6$ased refrigerants in ne%

7-' R systems (and all other cooling e#uiment+ and halons in fire suressione#uiment. E#uiment that does not ro"ide o"er 3 of the $uilding cooling caacityand emergency $ack6u e#uiment are e,emt. 'ooling systems for ice rinks andgrocery stores are not e,emt. There are some e,emtions for e,isting e#uiment) ma&orreno"ations must hase6out '2' use %ithin one year of ro&ect comletion and camusro&ects (%here '2' e#uiment accounts for less than of o"erall central lant load+can ha"e a 6 year hase6out eriod. - ro&ect %ith no mechanical refrigeration or firesuression e#uiment is eligi$le for this credit.


=lder refrigeration e#uiment use chlorofluorocar$ons ('2's+! %hich are a ma&or

contri$utor to the deletion of ozone and increase of related en"ironmental and healthro$lems. '2's con"ert ozone into o,ygen! reducing the atmoshere1s ultra"ioletrotection. This causes skin cancer! cataracts! %eakened immune systems! reductions incro yield! and disrutions in the marine food chain. They also a$sor$ infrared radiationand function as otent greenhouse gases. The'ontreal %rotocol on !ubstances that(eplete the )*one $a+eris hasing out the roduction and use of all ozone6deletingsu$stances (=DTs+. '2' roduction in 8orth -merica ended in 3


27/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

+redit 1 (15)-1,!

#.timi>e Energy Performance

-chie"e le"els of energy erformance a$o"e the rere#uisite standard according

to the 08E'B or -SR-E*IES8- (more stringent+ standards used for Prere#uisite @.Points are a%arded according to ercentage reductions in design energy relati"e to thestandard (Ta$le 3 @ . 3 ho%e"er they aren1t included in the ercentagecalculation. Process energy efficiency may $e eligi$le for an inno"ation in design credit.Energy sa"ings ercentage is determined $y di"iding the difference $et%een the annualdesigned energy cost and the referenced cost (the sa"ings+ taking into account rene%a$leenergy and rocess energy sa"ings (credits+ $y the annual referenced energy cost.


'omuter simulation (EEF+ comares the relati"e erformance of different energyefficiency strategies including radiant conditioning! thermal storage! ground6source heatums! and natural and mi,ed "entilation systems. Three fundamental strategies canincrease energy erformance) reduce demand! har"est free energy! and increaseefficiency. Reduce demands of internal heating and lighting $y decreasing $uilding sizeand footrint! otimizing en"eloe (decrease thermal $ridging+! defining a %ider range ofacceta$le indoor temeratures! using automatic sensors! and designing lighting forsecific needs. se free energy sources on the site for as much of the energy load asossi$le. se assi"e solar heating (thermal mass and roer %indo% lacement+!natural "entilation (re"ailing %inds and aerture otimization+ and daylighting(clerestories and light shel"es+! and geothermal heating and cooling to satisfy lighting andconditioning needs during all seasons. The efficiency of $uilding 7-' and lightingshould $e ma,imized $y integrating ne% technologies and direct digital control systems.Distri$uted generation (energy generated near the site+ and cogeneration (simultaneousroduction of electricity and heat+ increase the efficiency of energy roduction.

eam members:0echanical*Electrical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent

@


28/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

+redit (1-31!

Rene%a"le Energy

1 Rene%a"le Energy &one Protection

Secify all $ase $uilding 7-' and refrigeration e#uiment to not contain

'2's in order to reduce ozone deletion and suort early comliance %ith the0ontreal Protocol. ydrochlorofluorocar$ons ('2's+ are lo% ozone deletingrefrigerants! often su$stituted for '2's! %hich %ill $e hased out $y @;9; due to their=zone Deletion Potential (=DP+. This re#uirement also alies to central lants ordistrict cooling systems ser"ing the $uilding and refrigeration systems for ice rinks andgrocery stores. Small dedicated 7-' units used to cool e#uiment (comuters! hones!data rooms! %ater coolers! aliances+ are not considered art of the 4$ase $uilding5 andare not su$&ect to the re#uirements as long as they reresent less that 3 of 7-'caacity. -ll $uilding e#uiment must $e free of '2's $efore occuancy (no hase6our eriod+.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:Elimination of '2's reduces ozone deletion! %hich deletes the Earth1snatural shield for ultra"iolet radiation and causes human illness! mortality! and ecosystemdamage. '2's also contri$ute to glo$al climate change.

There are cost effecti"e '2' alternati"es currently a"aila$le includinghydroflyorocar$ons (2's+. It is cost effecti"e to s%itch systems no% as '2's arealready scheduled to $e hased out. 2' e#uiment not as energy efficient and has ahigher glo$al6%arming otential> ho%e"er the technology is still de"eloing.

Requirements:-ll 7-' and refrigeration e#uiment should $e documented! outlining all

refrigerants! cooling caacities! and the total $ase $uilding cooling caacity.


Research and secify all 7-' R e#uiment %ith non6ozone6deletinge#uiment. Study different su$stitutes (i.e. RF3;a+ and choose the most aroriate interms of %orker safety! ozone deletion! energy efficiency! and climate change(alternati"es are u$lished in the EP-1s Significant 8e% -lternati"es Policy 6 S8-P+.

eam members:0echanical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent

9;


31/61

Energy * /tmos.2ere

+redit & ()-)5!

6easurement and 4erification

Pro"ide metering e#uiment for all electrical and mechanical systems to account

for and otimize $uilding energy and %ater consumtion. De"elo a 0easurement and7erification (07+ lan to demonstrate ho% the results of monitoring %ill $e used to"erify that the $uilding meets its design intent and is functioning roerly throughoutoccuancy. The lan must $e consistent %ith otion B! '! or D from the InternationalPerformance 0easurement 7erification Protocol (IP07P+.


Su$stantial $enefits are gained from otimizing erformance through continuousmonitoring including minimizing lifetime cost! reducing en"ironmental imacts!imro"ing occuant health! identifying systems that are not functioning as e,ected! andredicting erformance imro"ements achie"ed $y incororating ne% energy efficiency

measures.07 costs 363; the ro&ect cost> ho%e"er! it is reaid %ithin a fe% months ofoeration through energy and %ater utility sa"ings and reduced oerations andmaintenance costs.

Requirements:Documentation should indicate all metering e#uiment installed and include a

coy of the 07 lan.

echnologies and !trategies:-ll systems to $e monitored and "erified %ill $e included in the 07 lan as

indi"idual systems or as a holistic $uilding system. -ll data sources (utility $ills! systemoints! orta$le metering! or trending eriods+! methods of data collection! andresonsi$le ersonnel %ill $e identified. - $aseline condition (the same $aseline used forenergy and %ater efficiency calculations+ %ill $e accurately catalogued that can $ecomared to e,isting conditions. The 07 aroach selected deends on the le"el ofintegration of the systems and %hether the $uilding %ill $e e"aluated at a system or4%hole $uilding5 le"el. The 07 lan should $e coordinated %ith commissioningrocedures.

The installation and oeration of all ne% systems %ill $e "erified and the energyand %ater sa"ings (as comared to the $aseline+ %ill $e determined. The sa"ings %ill $ecomared to the initial redictions from the engineering calculations in order to track anysu$stantial de"iations and modify future ro&ections. -ny ro$lems %ill $e identified andmanaged to achie"e imro"ed system erformance. - contract %ill $e ut in lace to re6e"aluate the ro&ect at aroriate inter"als.

eam members:'ontractor! 0echanical*Electrical Engineer

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Energy * /tmos.2ere

+redit (&8-&)!

Green Po%er

Engage in a minimum @ year contract %ith a rene%a$le energy ro"ider for at

least ; of the $uildings regulated electricity to encourage the de"eloment and use ofgrid6source rene%a$le energy technologies. Po%er suliers must meet EcoLogo orGreen6e standards or ro"ide documentation demonstrating that they comly %ith thesestandards. Rene%a$le energy is deri"ed from solar! %ind! small6scale hydro! geothermal!$iomass from %aste and*or $iogas from landfill sources. 0inor "ariations in theercentage and length of the contract are acceta$le as long as the amount of greenenergy re#uired is maintained. ?here the local utility does not offer rene%a$le energy!comliant Trada$le Rene%a$le Energy 'ertificates (i.e. Bullfrog+ from another utility can$e used.


Green o%er is not en"ironmentally $enign $ut greatly lessens the imacts ofcon"entional energy roduction (air ollution resulting in acid rain! smog! glo$al%arming! and endangered human resiratory health+. It also a"oids reliance on nuclearand large6scale hydroelectric o%er. The use of $io6fuel di"erts %aste from landfill andcreates local emloyment.

'urrent green o%er costs are greater than con"entional energy> ho%e"er therices are more sta$le and %ill $ecome less e,ensi"e as technology de"elos. Greeno%er is less e,ensi"e than con"entional o%er %hen en"ironmental and health costsare factored into the e#uation.

Requirements:

The re#uired ercentage of rene%a$le energy is $ased on annual energysimulation and is ; of the design electricity after rene%a$le onsite o%er generationhas $een su$tracted. The amount of energy re#uired from the green sulier deends onthe fraction of green energy in their roduct (; %ould $e re#uired from a 3;;rene%a$le6deri"ed o%er roduct "s. 3;; of a ; rene%a$le energy roduct+


Research non6olluting rene%a$le o%er ro"iders and trada$le rene%a$le energycertificates and factor in the fraction of its deli"ered o%er that comes from green energy.

eam members:EcoLogo or Green6e Energy Pro"ider

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6aterials * Resources #$er$ie% (&&-&!

The e,traction! rocessing! transortation! and disosal of $uilding materialscontri$utes to air and %ater ollution! the destruction of ha$itats! and the deletion ofnatural resources. 'onstruction acti"ities consume F; of the glo$al material flo% and

generate 99 of 8orth -merican solid %aste (%hich should instead $e "ie%ed as aresource and a commodity+.The most effecti"e strategy to minimize the en"ironmental imacts associated

%ith materials and resources is the reuse and reha$ilitation of e,isting $uildings. Thisreduces the imacts (i.e. ha$itat distur$ance+ of material roduction and deli"ery andminimizes infrastructure re#uired. sing sal"aged and recycled materials instead of ne%di"erts 4%aste5 from landfill and encourages %aste management comanies to recycleand reuse. sing local resources suorts the local economy and decreases transortationand infrastructural need. Raidly rene%a$le materials reduce the imacts of resourceconsumtion. Dura$le $uildings %ith longer life sans re#uire less maintenance! reair!and relacement and reduce the demand on ra% materials. The life san of the en"eloe

is deendent on the dura$ility of the comonents! assem$lies! and connections againstclimatic and en"ironmental stresses. -data$le $uildings or those designed fordeconstruction kee materials in the use cycle as long as ossi$le ($efore they need to $ererocessed+.

Porta$le fi,tures! furniture! and e#uiment and reconfigura$le and re6locata$learchitectural $uilding elements can either $e included or e,cluded in the LEEDalication as long as they are included in all material and resource calculations (e,cet3.3! 3.@! and 9+ and installed immediately uon $uilding comletion.

The follo%ing strategies are not included in the LEED alication and may $eincororated in design and inno"ation credits)

-data$ility) the caacity of a $uilding to accommodate su$stantial future changeat a lo% cost is critical in a"oiding remature o$solescence and imro"inglife6cycle en"ironmental erformance and includes)

2le,i$ility) allo%s for changes in sace lanning'on"erti$ility) allo%s for su$stantial changes to useE,anda$ility) a$ility to make additions and alterations

Designing for disassem$ly) eases the reco"ery of materials! comonents! andsystems

Life6cycle assessment (L'-+Proacti"e Strategies) easily reconfigura$le architectural elements that allo% for

the adatation and reconfiguration of comonents on6site (instead of ha"ing toshi them $ack to the manufacturer+

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6aterials * Resources

Prere'uisite 1 (&5-3!

Storage * +ollection of Recycla"les

2acilitate the reduction of landfill %aste generated $y $uilding occuants $y

ro"iding an easily accessi$le area (may $e outdoors+ that is dedicated to the searation!collection! and storage of recycla$le materials. Recycling has already $ecome an integralart of 'anadian culture and most eole are inclined to recycle as long as the rocess innot too incon"enient or costly.


0any if not all %aste roducts generated $y occuants can $e recycled instead ofsent to landfill. Recycling reduces the e,traction of natural resources! %hich destroysha$itats. Recycling 3 tonne of aer re"ents the rocessing of 3 trees and sa"es @.9 mof landfill sace. Recycling aluminium re#uires only of the energy re#uired toroduce "irgin aluminium.

The cost of collecting and rocessing recycla$les can $e offset $y significantsa"ings in landfill disosal costs. Increasing recycling %ill also sta$ilize the recycledmaterials market. Recycling storage does ho%e"er re#uire a large area of floor sace andmay increase the $uilding footrint.

Requirements:The ro"ided recycling area guidelines are recommended not re#uired. The

recycling area deends on the "olume and tye of materials generated $y occuants andoccuant recycling rates "ary $y $uilding tye.


Promote recycling $y creating con"enient oortunities for recycling %ithade#uate sace for collecting and storing recycla$les. Designate a %ell6marked locationfor the collection and storage of recycla$les (aer! card$oard! glass! metals! lastics+ thatis sized to accommodate the estimated recycla$le %aste "olume. Isolate recyclingacti"ities that create odours! noise! and air contaminants from occuants to maintainindoor en"ironmental #uality. Locate the central location in the $asement or on theground floor %ith easy access for collection "ehicles and rolling $ins. Research localrecycling markets to find the $est recycling methods. Pro"ide instruction to occuantsand emloyees on recycling rocedures. Encourage acti"ities to reduce and reusematerials $efore recycling to reduce the amount of recycla$le "olume. Larger $uildingsmay re#uire card$oard $alers and aluminium can crushers to reduce recycling storagesace. Recycling chutes facilitate recycling efforts.

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+redit 1 ()-,!

Building Reuse

11 6aintain ,&< of E?isting ;alls@ loors@ and Roof

1 6aintain 5&< of E?isting ;alls@ loors@ and Roof

13 6aintain &8< of Interior :on-Structural Elements0aintain o"er or


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+redit (,3-1!

+onstruction ;aste 6anagement

1 Di$ert &8< from Landfill

Di$ert ,&< from LandfillRecycle and reuse reco"ered resources in order to di"ert ; or ofconstruction! demolition and land clearing de$ris from landfill disosal. Incinerationcannot $e used as an alternati"e method for di"erting %aste from landfill. Rerocessedrock and e,ca"ated materials cannot $e counted in calculations since it is standardractice to reuse $edrock on site as fill (ho%e"er! it can count to%ard 'redit +.azardous materials (i.e. as$estos and lead+ can $e e,cluded from calculations! $utshould $e noted in the narrati"e to e,lain ho% they cannot $e recycled or sal"aged.Bentonite that is used to sta$ilize trench %alls may $e considered a construction materialif secified for a secific function and $rought on site for that urose. 0aterialsincluded in 'redit 9 'redit calculations cannot $e alied to this credit.


'onstruction and demolition ('D+ acti"ities generate enormous #uantities ofsolid %aste. Recycling oortunities for "arious materials are e,anding and someoortunities ha"e long $een a"aila$le. =ortunities deend on location and the le"el ofcontamination of the material. Recycling of 'D de$ris reduces material demand andthe en"ironmental imacts associated %ith resource e,traction! rocessing! andtransortation (i.e. contamination of ground%ater! loss of green sace+. Recycling andreuse of materials can e,tend the lifetime of e,isting landfills to a"oid landfill e,ansion.

?aste management lans re#uire time and money to draft and imlement $ut theycan guide a ro&ect to achie"e su$stantial sa"ings $y lo%ering landfill tiing fees (%henfees e,ceed O; er tonne recycling $ecomes cost6effecti"e+! collecting re"enue fromrecycla$le materials! and minimizing the initial cost of materials (ie. grinding demolishedconcrete for structural fill+.

Requirements:'alculations can $e done $y %eight or "olume ($ut must $e consistent+. 'alculate

the ercentage $y comaring the amount of all recycled materials to the total %aste(con"ersions are ro"ided to con"ert material amounts from "olume to %eight+.


0inimize the factors that contri$ute to %aste (o"er6ackaging! imroer storage!oor lanning! $reakage! mishandling and contamination+. Identify institute reuse!sal"age and recycle oortunities and look at otential markets for sal"aged materials.De"elo and institute a construction %aste management lan that identifies sal"age!rerocessing! reuse! and recycling oortunities> includes cost estimates> and addressessource reduction of material use. Designate a %ell identified area that is rotected fromthe elements (to a"oid contaminating storm%ater runoff+ secifically for 'D %asterecycling. Train site %orkers on roer recycling rotocol. Institute monthly reortingand feed$ack on the %aste management lan to assess rogress and address ro$lems.

eam members: Recycling 'onsultants! 'ontractor

9:


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+redit 3 (-5!

Resources Reuse

31 & therefore there is a different calculation methodology %here the comonentsare itemized to determine indi"idual costs as %ell as the ercentage of recycled content.nless other documentation is ro"ided! @ of steel content is assumed to $e recycled.The recycled content of Sulementary 'ementing 0aterials (S'0s) fly ash! slag! silicafume from industrial rocesses+ is calculated $ased on the reduction of Portland cementmass as comared to the $ase mi, multilied $y @. se of recycled aggregates iscalculated searately. The material cost of form%ork for cast6in6lace concrete isincluded in the calculation of total material cost.


Incororate materials %ith recycled content in the design and identify recycledmaterial goals. Identify tyes of materials for %hich of6site recycled alternati"es e,istand e"aluate their dura$ility! maintenance! erformance! en"ironmental considerations!emissions (esecially %ith synthetic materials+! and transortation re#uirements. Recordthe recycled content ercentage $y %eight for all materials (%ith literature! $rochures! orofficial statements+. Incororate recycla$le materials in $uilding comonents.

9A


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+redit & (381-38!

Regional 6aterials

&1 18< E?tracted and 6anufactured Regionally

& 8< E?tracted and 6anufactured Regionallyse $uilding materials and roducts that %ere e,tracted and manufactured locallyto increase demand and u$lic a%areness of local roducts! suort indigenous resources!and reduce the imacts of transortation. This credit is in contrast to the Pro"incialo$ligations under the -greement on Internal Trade (-IT+.


The use of regional materials suorts the local economy! lo%ers transortationcosts and the en"ironmental imacts associated %ith transortation (deletion of fossilfuels and air ollution+. Regional material a"aila$ility deends on ro&ect location anda"aila$ility of local resources. These materials can also hel integrate the ro&ect into the

local $uilding aesthetic and take ad"antage of materials that erform %ell in the localen"ironment.

Requirements:

se 3; or @; of materials for %hich at least A; of the mass is e,tracted!rocessed! and manufactured %ithin either) A;;km of ro&ect site! @F;;km of ro&ect siteand shied $y rail or %ater! or a com$ination of the t%o. Both manufacture ande,traction must take lace %ithin the allo%ed distance> ho%e"er the distance $et%een thet%o is not considered for this credit.

The ercentage of regional materials is $ased on the cost of regional materialsdi"ided $y the total material cost for the ro&ect. The total cost can $e determined $ytaking F of the su$contractor costs of Construction !pecifications nstitute'asterFormat (ivisions) Di"ision @63;. Di"ision 3363F materials can $e added to thiscost one $y one. Di"ision 363: materials are not included in this cost calculation.=ther%ise! the material costs for each item can $e added to determine the total materialcosts.


'onsider incororating local materials in the ro&ect during the design hase.Research regional materials to comare their dura$ility! erformance! and en"ironmentalconsiderations. Secify regional materials in the contract documents and record theircost! distance! and transortation needs using roduct literature! cut sheets! or letters.

eam members: Regional $uilding materials manufacturers

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+redit (385-31!

Ra.idly Rene%a"le 6aterials

se raidly rene%a$le materials (made from lants that are har"ested %ithin a

ten6year cycle or shorter+ for of the total ro&ect material cost to reduce the deletionof finite ra% materials and long6cycle rene%a$le materials.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:Raidly rene%a$le resources su$stantially relenish themsel"es faster than

con"entional materials and include $am$oo flooring! cotton $att insulation! linoleumflooring! sunflo%er see $oard! %heatgrass ca$inetry! %ool caret! etc. They generallyre#uire less land (higher density! shorter gro%ing cycles+! natural resources! caital andtime and are more en"ironmentally friendly than most con"entional $uilding materials.They may ro"ide oortunities to dislace ra% materials that ha"e more en"ironmentalimacts (i.e. the ha$itat destruction! soil erosion! and stream sedimentation caused $y

irresonsi$le forestry ractices+. Bio6$ased lastics (from corn starch+ are $eginning toro"ide alternati"es to etroleum6$ased lastics. -s demand for raidly rene%a$lematerials gro%s! they %ill $ecome more cost6cometiti"e.

Requirements:

Sum all raidly rene%a$le material costs and di"ide $y the total material cost too$tain the ercentage of raidly rene%a$le materials. 2or assem$lies! calculate theercentage of raidly rene%a$le materials $y %eight. Total cost may $e deri"ed from adefault calculation of F total construction cost or a tally of actual material costs.


Research raidly rene%a$le materials for flooring! ca$inetry! %ood roducts! etcand e"aluate their ossi$le emissions and erformance characteristics (erformance andsta$ility of these materials continues to imro"e as more research is done into the area ofraidly rene%a$le materials+. Secify these materials in contract documents.

eam members: Raidly rene%a$le materials manufacturers! Interior Designer

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+redit , (313-38!

+ertified ;ood

Secify a minimum of ; of all %ood6$ased materials (structure! framing!

flooring! finishes! furnishings! $racing! form%ork! etc.+ as certified in accordance %ith theForest !tewardship Council0s %rinciples and Criteriato encourage en"ironmentallyresonsi$le forest management. Reclaimed %ood! refur$ished %ood! and ost6consumerrecycled %ood are e,cluded from the certified %ood calculation entirely and do notcontri$ute to total %ood6$ased materials cost (so as not to enalize the use of non6"irgin%ood+.

Environmental Concerns/Advantages:Resonsi$le forestry ractices aim to minimize the ecosystem destruction usually

linked to %ood har"esting and ma,imize the $enefits of a resource that is rene%a$le!reusa$le! $iodegrada$le! non6to,ic! energy efficient! and recycla$le. It aims to meet

material needs and roduce eretual yield %hile maintaining the $iodi"ersity of forests.="er time! 2S'6certified %ood rices %ill $ecome more cost cometiti"e.

Requirements:

Identify all 2S' %ood material costs and di"ide $y the total %ood6$ased materialscosts to determine the certified %ood ercentage. -ll form%ork must $e included in thecalculations for this credit. 2or assem$lies) calculate the cost ercentage of 2S' %ood"s. the total cost and multily $y the cost to determine the "alue of certified %ood. 2or2S' certified trusses (that allo% for as little as ; 2S'6certified %ood $y "olume+ andother 2S' certified assem$lies the entire "alues of the assem$lies can $e counted to%ardthis credit.

echnologies and !trategies:Plan for at least ; of the cost of %ood6$ased materials to $e 2S' certified.

Identify all ma&or areas of %ood usage in the ro&ect and determine roducts re#uired.Research the roducts re#uired to see if they are a"aila$le from 2S'6certified sources.2or structural elements secify the lo%est #uality grade that %ill meet the ro&ect1serformance re#uirements and for finishes secify 4character5 grades that highlight the%ood1s character. 'onsider re6urchasing %ood roducts as the a"aila$ility of certified%ood roducts may "ary throughout the ro&ect. Secify %ood roducts as 2S' certified($ased on a"aila$le roducts rather than a $lanket aroach+. Pro"ide each materialmanufacturer1s 2S' chain6of6custody certificate num$er.

eam members: 2S' certified %ood "endors! Structural Engineer! Interior Designer

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+redit (31-3,!

Dura"le Building

De"elo a Building Dura$ility Plan to minimize material use and construction

%aste resulting from remature failure of the $uilding and its comonents.


0a,imizing dura$ility (the a$ility of a $uilding and its comonents to erformo"er time %ithout unforeseen maintenance and reair+ increases energy efficiency andreduces material %aste! ne% resource e,traction! and ollution. Dura$ility ertainsmostly to the e,terior en"eloe that is e,osed to moisture and the elements. Regionallyaroriate comonents that resond to local climate increase dura$ility. Dura$lesystems may ha"e a higher initial cost! $ut they re#uire less maintenance and relacementand incur less cost in the long term. Remediation re#uired due to en"eloe failure cancost more than initial construction

Requirements:

The dura$ility lan must $e done in accordance %ith rinciles of C!A !123#456R7889 uideline on (urabilit+ in ;uildingsfor the ro&ect1s construction and re6occuancy hases)

Ensure that the redicted $uilding ser"ice life e,ceeds the design ser"ice life'onstruct comonents to a secific ser"ice life standard and to $e easily relacedDocument the redicted ser"ice life of comonents $y documenting demonstrated

effecti"eness! modeling the deterioration rocess! and*or erforming testsDe"elo and document a #uality management rogram that ensures secified #uality

assurance acti"ities are carried out to ensure ser"ice life is achie"ed

echnologies and !trategies:Incororate dura$ility issues from the outset of ro&ect design. 'arefully detail

assem$lies that rotect from the elements to minimize en"eloe deterioration (i.e. rain6screens! air and "aour $arriers! o"erhangs! and sun shading+. Determine the designser"ice life of each comonent (look at e,osure conditions! maintenance costs!conse#uences of failure! a"aila$ility of reair comonents! technical o$solescence! etc.+.Ensure that systems %ill $e assem$led roerly $y secifying a realistic le"el of%orkmanshi! testing ne% methods $efore imlementing them! and ro"iding efficientro&ect management. -llo% for ease of access for reairs! relacements! and alterationsthroughout construction and the ser"ice life of the $uilding. - rational lan formaintenance %ill assist in defining dura$ility o$&ecti"es.

Design for deconstruction and adata$ility $y secifying mechanical connectionsand fle,i$le systems as some comonents are likely to $e remo"ed rematurely as a resultof changing styles. -llo% for future additions and reno"ations. To ensure that the$uilding does not fall into remature o$solescence! it must $e a$le to stay current andrele"ant.

eam members: Building En"eloe Professionals! Structural*0echanical Engineers!'ontractor

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Indoor En$ironmental 7uality #$er$ie% (35-33!

'anadians send a$out


44/61

Indoor En$ironmental 7uality

Prere'uisite 1 (333-33!

6inimum I/7 Performance

0eet the re#uirements ofA!ualit+ to esta$lish the minimum Indoor -ir /uality (I-/+ erformance and imro"ethe comfort and %ell6$eing of occuants. The "entilation system must $e designed tore"ent contaminant utake! minimize micro6organism gro%th! and filter articulates.


=timal I-/ erformance %ill result in imro"ed occuant comfort! %ell6$eing!and roducti"ity. Imro"ed I-/ can $e achie"ed $y using high #uality outdoor air!ro"iding ade#uate "entilation rates! and a"oiding the introduction of contaminants.

Increased "entilation rates can result in higher energy use. o%e"er! this can $ereduced $y using e,haust heat reco"ery and through roer $uilding commissioning.Imro"ed I-/ lo%ers the occurrence of occuant illnesses and lia$ility costs! and

increases $uilding "alue! %hich offset the added energy costs since ersonnel costs aregreater than energy costs. 2urthermore!A!


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Prere'uisite (335-3)&!

En$ironmental 0o"acco Smoke (E0S! +ontrol

Prohi$it smoking inside the $uilding! esta$lish negati"e ressure in indoor

smoking areas! or reduce air leakage $et%een smoking rooms and common areas inresidential $uildings in order to re"ent or minimize the e,osure of $uilding occuantsand indoor surfaces and systems to ETS.


The relationshi $et%een ETS and health risks (lung disease! cancer! heartdisease+ has $een %ell documented. The most effecti"e %ay to a"oid heath ro$lemsassociated %ith ETS is to rohi$it smoking in indoor areas. If this is not ossi$le interiorsmoking areas should $e isolated and ha"e searate "entilation systems. The increasedcost of ro"iding roer interior smoking areas (increasing $uilding area! material use!and "entilation energy+ is offset $y encouraging more comforta$le! roducti"e occuants

%ith lo%er a$senteeism and illness. 'ontrolling ETS can also increase the life of interiorfi,tures and furnishings.

Requirements:

E,terior smoking areas must $e located at least .m a%ay from entries! outdoorair intakes! and oera$le %indo%s. Interior smoking areas must $e oerated at a negati"eressure comared %ith surrounding saces at an a"erage of Pa and a minimum of 3Pa%hen the doors are closed ("erified %ith a 3 minute measurement during %orst caseconditions+. Sealed enetrations and %eather striing of doors in residential $uildings%ill $e "erified %ith theA"!/A!'#224#44Blo%er Door Test for 3; of the first 3;;units and of additional units to ensure that there is less than ;.A cmH of leakage ers#uare metre of enclosure area.


Prohi$it smoking in the $uilding and locate signs and ro"ide %aste recetacles todesignate outdoor smoking areas. Post information on the non6smoking olicythroughout the $uilding.

Install dedicated smoking rooms %ith erimeter assem$lies and "entilationsystems that ensure that smoke is contained! catured and remo"ed from the $uilding.Smoking rooms re#uire more than t%ice the "entilation "olumes of non6smoking rooms.Ensure that all %alls! ceilings! and floors are carefully sealed to eliminate smoke transfer.E,haust smoking rooms to the outdoors and ensure that there is no recirculation of the airto non6smoking areas. Install secialized smoke6remo"al e#uiment (i.e. electrostaticfilters+ %here large num$ers of smokers are e,ected. 'ommission! measure and "erifythe "entilation systems of all indoor smoking areas.

Prohi$it smoking in the common areas of residential $uildings. 0inimize theuncontrolled ath%ays for ETS transfer $et%een units $y sealing enetrations in %alls!ceilings! and floors. ?eather6stri doors leading to common hall%ays and treat alld%elling units as smoking rooms. 2ollo% the manufacturer1s recommendations forroer selection and sacing of diffusers for under6floor air distri$ution systems.

eam 'embers: 0echanical Engineer

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+redit 1 (3)-3&1!

+ar"on Dio?ide (+#! 6onitoring

Install a ermanent '=@ monitoring system that ro"ides feed$ack on "entilation

erformance! allo%s for oerational ad&ustments! and resonds to indoor '=@ le"els andthe differential $et%een indoor and outdoor le"els (as determined $y -SR-E :@6@;;3+.'=@ monitoring ro"ides the caacity to monitor I-/ and sustain long6term occuantcomfort and %ell6$eing.


igh '=@ le"els indicate oor I-/ %ith high le"els of human $io6effluents!odours! and other ollutants. 'on"entional standards re#uire minimum fi,ed outdoorsuly rates to flush contaminants and relenish fresh air on a regular $asis. o%e"er! afi,ed suly cannot resond to "arying occuancies. Digitally controlled 7-' systemsand relia$le '=@ sensors can ad&ust outdoor air damers and suly air "olumes to

#uickly resond to changes in I-/ (caused $y the num$er of occuants+ to sa"e energy!increase occuant roducti"ity! decrease occuant a$senteeism! and e,tend the lifetime ofthe 7-' system. These ad"antages offset the first costs of the e#uiment andinstallation! %hich ranges from O3;;;6O;;; er samling oint. The system must stillro"ide a minimum air suly to deal %ith ollutants that are not generated $y $uildingoccuants (i.e. 7='s+.

Requirements:

Indoor '=@ le"els must $e comared to outdoor le"els to determine thedifferential oint at %hich "entilation rates should $e ad&usted. The differential le"el is$ased on the acti"ity le"el and meta$olic rate of occuants as %ell as the use and isdefined inA!ho%e"er! the most resonsi"e comfort control is still ro"ided $y automated systems.

'=@ control systems and sensors must $e cali$rated and tested $y the contractorand "erified as art of commissioning rocess. Periodical checks and maintenance mustcontinue during occuation. 7-' systems that ser"ice saces %ith high '=@ le"elsshould $e designed so that other saces are not o"er6"entilated.

eam members: 0echanical Engineer! 'ommissioning -gent

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+redit (3&-3)!

4entilation Effecti$eness

Pro"ide for the effecti"e deli"ery and mi,ing of suly air to suort the safety!

comfort! and %ell6$eing of $uilding occuants. This credit enhances the I-/re#uirements of Prere#uisite 3 $y ensuring that suerior "entilation is deli"ered directlyto $uilding occuants (the suly air circulates through the occuied zone+.


Inade#uate "entilation reduces occuant comfort! %ell6$eing! and roducti"ity.="er6"entilation consumes significant amounts of energy %ithout $enefit. Good systemdesign $alances "entilation rates and energy efficiency and does not cost more thancon"entional design. 8atural "entilation can $e less e,ensi"e to construct and oeratethan mechanical "entilation! $ut it re#uires aroriate climate! $uilding form! and anen"eloe that adats to %inds and solar angles. It re#uires a more comrehensi"e design

analysis %ith net%ork airflo% or fluid dynamics comuter modeling.

Requirements:0echanically "entilated systems must ha"e an air change effecti"eness (Eac+

greater than or e#ual to ;.< under %orst6case conditions (largest n

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