lesson 12 - cold injury · fstcc0012-19 clothing principles • adequate clothing properly worn is...
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FIELD SANITATION TEAM CERTIFICATION COURSE
LESSON 12 - COLD INJURY
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Lesson Objectives
Define the types of cold injury. Select the factors that
influence cold injury. Select the measures to
prevent cold injuries. Determine the windchill
temperature.
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Introduction to Cold Injury
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Categories of Cold Injury
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Frostbite
Freezing Frostbite – Produced by exposure to freezing temperatures
•High Altitude Frostbite
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High Altitude Frostbite
Freezing • Frostbite
• High Altitude
Frostbite – Produced by exposure to temperatures between -20ºF and –80ºF at high altitudes
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Chilblain
Non-Freezing Chilblain (frostnip) • Hypothermia • Trench Foot • Immersion Foot • Snowblindness
Results from exposure to temperatures between 60ºF and 32ºF with high humidity
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Hypothermia
The body loses heat faster than it can produce it.
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Fatigue and Hypothermia
Caution: Exhaustion makes a soldier more prone to hypothermia
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Trench Foot
Non-Freezing Chilblain
(frostnip) • Hypothermia • Trench Foot • Immersion
Foot • Snowblindess
Results when the feet remain cold and wet in temperatures below
50ºF for three days or more
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Immersion Foot
Non-Freezing Chilblain
(frostnip) • Hypothermia • Trench Foot • Immersion
Foot • Snowblindess
Results from exposure to cold water at temperatures below 50ºF in excess
at 12 hours
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Snow Blindness Non-Freezing Chilblain
(frostnip) • Hypothermia • Trench Foot • Immersion
Foot • Snowblindess
Results from reflection of the sun off a snow covered surface
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Dehydration
Dehydration is a significant factor for heavy exertion missions (e.g. dismounted patrols)
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Factors That Influence Cold Injury
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Agent Factors
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Environmental Factors
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Effects of Weather
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Combat Action
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Clothing Principles
• Adequate clothing properly worn is essential to survival.
• Clothing for cold weather
is designed to accommodate a variety of weather conditions and activity levels.
• Avoid skin contact with metal objects and liquid
fuels.
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Host Factors
•Rank •Previous cold injury •Fatigue •Discipline, training and experience •Psychosocial factors •Age
•Race •Geographic origin •Nutrition •Activity level •Drugs and medications Dehydration
Host Factors
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Rank
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History of Cold Injury
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Fatigue
Host Factors Fatigue
Causes soldiers to
abandon normal personal hygiene practices
Can be reduced with rotation of duties and personnel
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Discipline, Training and Experience
Host Factors Discipline, training, and experience
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Age and Dehydration
Host Factor Age and Dehydration
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Psychosocial Factors
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Geographic Origin
Host Factor Geographic Origin
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Race
Host Factor Race
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Nutrition
Poor nutrition puts a soldier at higher risk.
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Nutrition
Soldiers can exist on military rations.
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Activity Level
Host Factor
Activity Level
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Drugs and Medications
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FST Role in Prevention
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Using Meteorological Data
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The Cold Injury Officer
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The Buddy System
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WARNING
Pay attention to the warning sings of frostbite:
You cease to feel the sensation or cold followed by a pleasant feeling
of warmth.
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Clothing
Clothing should be layered. Clothing should be loose-fitting. Clothing should be clean, dry and in good
condition.
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IPMM
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Wear or Carry Adequate Clothing
Wear or carry clothes that are appropriate for the anticipated weather conditions.
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Benefits of Layering
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Protect Your Hands
Choose mittens over gloves.
Never touch cold objects with your bare hands.
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Avoid Immobility
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Protect Soldiers “At Risk”
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Understand the Effects of Windchill
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The Windchill Chart
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Data Along the Top of the Chart
The windchill factor is based on air temperature and wind speed.
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The Body of the Chart
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Determine the Windchill
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FIELD SANITATION TEAM CERTIFICATION COURSE
SUMMARY