lesson 2- life in ancient egypt. work and family life food surplus economy expands cities emerge as...
TRANSCRIPT
Work and Family Life
Food Surplus Economy expands
Cities emerge as centers of culture
and power
People learn to do nonagricultural jobs Specialized Jobs
Scribes- People whose job was to write and keep
records.
Artisans- People who make things
like furniture, jewelry, clothing,
etc.
TradeSome Egyptians traveled to the upper Nile to trade with other Africans.
Exports (what they took with them):Scrolls
Linen
Gold
Jewelry
Imports (what they brought back):Exotic woods
Animal skins
Live beasts
Egyptian Social Roles
Pharaoh
Priests and
NoblesScribes and Government
OfficialsCraftspeople and
Merchants
Farmers
Laborers and Slaves
Social Roles Continued…
SlavesOwed a debt
Committed a crime
Captured in warUsually freed after a period of time
Exception: Slaves who worked in the mines usually died from exhaustive labor.
WomenEgypt was one of the best places in the ancient world to be a woman.
Had fairly equal rights
Main job was to care for their children and home.
ChildhoodPlayed with toys such as dolls, animal figures, board games, and marbles.
Parents made the toys from wood or clay.
Boys and some girls from wealthy families went to school run by scribes or priests.
Almost all Egyptians married when they were in their early teens.
Expanding Knowledge(Learning)Astronomy- study of the stars
5,000 years ago - Star called Sirius appeared shortly before the Nile began to flood and returned to the same position every 365 days.
Developed world’s first 365 day calendar.
GeometryDeveloped some of the first geometry.
Nile flood washed away land boundariesSurveyors- measured the land
Geometric shapes were sacred to Egyptians.
MedicineEgyptian doctors often prepared dead bodies for burial, so they knew the parts of the body, which helped them perform some the world’s first surgery.
Heart – Thought & Brain - Circulate Blood (opposite from now)
Upset stomach – eat a hog’s tooth crushed inside sugar cakes
Hieroglyphs – pictures that stand for different words or soundsPapyrus- paper made from papyrus reeds and rolled into scrolls
Beliefs and ReligionEgyptians had a positive outlook on life.
Believed that their prosperity could continue with a happy afterlife.
Afterlife- a life believed to follow after death.
Polytheistic- Religion that worships many gods.
Important Egyptian Gods:Ra or Re- the sun god
Osiris- a god who judged Egyptians after death
Isis- Fertility goddess (wife of Osiris)
Anubis- a god of the dead
Making Mummies
Embalm- to preserve a body after death
Mummy- created by wrapping a body in hundreds of yards of linen.
How to make a mummy:1. Embalmers remove all organs except the heart.
2. Fill the body with a mixture of salt and herbs.
3. When dry, the body is wrapped in hundreds of yards of linen strips (mummy).• Embalming and wrapping process takes about 70
days
4. The mummy is placed in a coffin inside a tomb.
How to Make a Mummy
Exit SlipEconomy expands, cities emerge as centers of power, and specialized jobs are all a result of what?
A. Trade B. Food Surplus
C. Social Roles D. Religion
Name one ancient Egyptian IMPORT and one EXPORT.
The person at the top of the social pyramid is known as the _________.
Name one important ancient Egyptian god or goddess.
What does embalm mean?A. Build a pyramid B. Preserve food
C. Wrap a body D. Preserve a body after death