lesson 5 - wadai english

LESSON 5“How was your summer vacation?”

PREVIEW �DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

Work with a partner. Ask and answer the following questions. Use FULL SENTENCES in your answers.

1. What is this object?2. Who wrote it?3. Who did she send it to?4. Where did she send it from?5. Did she tell her friend that she was planning to visit Ireland?6. What did she do in Dublin?7. Why do you think she decided to visit Ireland?

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DIALOG"How was your summer vacation?"

Anthony is talking to Cynthia.

Anthony: How was your summer vacation? Did you do anything exciting?Cynthia: I spent July working at the bakery as usual. But then I went to Ireland

for the whole month of August.Anthony: Really? You didn’t mention you were going to Ireland the last time I

saw you.Cynthia: No. It was a kind of a spur-of-the-moment decision. Anthony: So where in Ireland did you go? What did you do?Cynthia: Well, I flew into Dublin and stayed there for about a week. And then I

rented a car and drove around the countryside.Anthony: You must have seen a lot.Cynthia: I did. There’s really a lot to see.Anthony: What was the best part?Cynthia: I guess I’d say it was just the atmosphere. The rural scenery was very

relaxing, and the people were friendly.Anthony: It must have been nice to get out of the city for a while.Cynthia: Exactly. How about you? What did you do?Anthony: Nothing that interesting. I visited my family in Pittsburgh and saw

some old high school friends. Then I just came back to the city and did some work on my dissertation.

Cynthia: Did you make much progress?Anthony: Not as much as I had planned, but I’m satisfied.

�COMPREHENSION QUESTIONSAnswer the following questions in FULL SENTENCES.

1. What did the woman do in July?2. Where did she go in August?3. Did the man know her plan before summer vacation started?4. How did she get to Ireland?5. How long did she stay in Dublin?6. How did she travel around the country?7. What was the best part of her trip?8. Did the man go anywhere during his summer vacation?9. Where did he work on his dissertation?

10. Is he satisfied with the progress he made?

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WAYS & WORDSPAST TENSEThe simple past is used to descibe actions or conditions that began and ended at a point in the past.

Regular VerbsMost verbs in English are regular in conjugation. The past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding a dental suffix to the verb. Depending on the final sound this can be either a [d] , [t], or [id] sound.

play played [d] look looked [t] want wanted [id]calledarrivedlistenedfinishedetc.

stoppedwatchedaskedlikedetc.

startedneededwaiteddownloadedetc.

Irregular VerbsMany of the most frequently used verbs are irregular; their past tense (and past participle) forms must be memorized*. Irregular verbs follow one of four possible patterns as shown in the examples below.

Pattern Present Past Past Participle

A-B-C(three different

forms)drinksinggo

dranksangwent

drunksunggone

A-B-B(two different

forms with same past and past

participle)

havelosemake

hadlostmade

hadlostmade

A-B-A(two different

forms with same present and past

participle)

becomecomerun

becamecameran

becomecomerun

A-A-A(only one form

for all parts)costfithurt

costfithurt

costfithurt

AgreementWith the excpetion of the BE-VERB, verbs in the past tense do not change form with the subject.

IYouHe, She, ItWeThey

did.left.spoke.

IHe, She, It

was

there.YouThey

were

“did”“do”“does”

“before”PAST

“later”FUTURE

“now”PRESENT

*See the table of common irregular verbs included at the end of this lesson.

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EXERCISES �SUBSTITUTION DRILL

Use the CUE word (or words) to make new sentences.

BEGIN "She rented a car."

1. need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She needed a car.2. some help . . . . . . . . . . . . . She needed some help.3. want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She wanted some help.4. ask for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She asked for some help.5. the answers . . . . . . . . . . . . She asked for the answers.6. wait for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She waited for the answers.7. her friends . . . . . . . . . . . . She waited for her friends.8. visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She visited her friends.9. talk to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She talked to her friends.10. the teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . She talked to the teacher.11. listen to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She listened to the teacher.12. the song . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She listened to the song.13. download . . . . . . . . . . . . . She downloaded the song.14. record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She recorded the song.15. finish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She finished the song.16. her lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . She finished her lesson.17. start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She started her lesson.18. job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She started her job.19. change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She changed her job.20. name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . She changed her name.

�SUBSTITUTION DRILLUse the CUE word (or words) to make new sentences.

BEGIN "He sent the letter."

1. get . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He got the letter.2. read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He read the letter.3. write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He wrote the letter.4. the book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He wrote the book.5. buy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He bought the book.6. the car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He bought the car.7. drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He drove the car.8. the bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He drove the bus.9. take . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He took the bus.10. the money . . . . . . . . . . . . . He took the money.11. spend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He spent the money.12. steal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He stole the money.13. the bicycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . He stole the bicycle.14. ride . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He rode the bicycle.15. sell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He sold the bicycle.16. the bread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He sold the bread.17. eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He ate the bread.18. make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He made the bread.19. the plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He made the plan.20. forget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He forgot the plan.

Lesson 5 p. 59

WAYS WITH WORDS21. understand . . . . . . . . . . . . He understood the plan.22. the language . . . . . . . . . . . He understood the language.23. speak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He spoke the language.24. the truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He spoke the truth.25. know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He knew the truth.26. hide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He hid the truth.27. the gift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He hid the gift.28. give . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He gave the gift.29. keep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He kept the gift.30. the secret . . . . . . . . . . . . . . He kept the secret.

�PRONUNCIATION CHECKFor each of the following words, place them in the correct column below based on the way that the dental suffix is pronounced.

play played [d] look looked [t] want wanted [id]......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

..............................................

• laugh• jump• count• rest• add

• wait• visit• enjoy• believe• help

• push• pull• answer• ask• repeat

laughed jumped counted

WAYS & WORDSYES-NO Question Formation (Past Tense)As with the present tense, YES-NO questions are formed using the auxiliary verb "do" (= "did").

Did

Iyouhe, she , itwethey

doseeget

it? The Be-Verb is different

WasIhe, she, it

right?

Wereyouthey

Question Word QuestionsMost other questions are formed by placing the question word in front of the YES-NO question.

WhereWhenHowWhy

did

Iyouhe, she,itwethey

go? Again, the Be-Verb is different

WhereHow

wasI?he, she, it?

wereyou?they?

However, if the question word is the subject of the verb, no auxiliary is necessary.

• Who wrote the book?

• What happened to your hair?

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�SENTENCE COMPLETIONFill in the blanks in the following sentence with the correct past tense form of the verb in parentheses.

1. What time (do) you go to bed last night?

2. She (wear) a traditional Japanese kimono to last week's farewell party.

3. Our teacher (give) us a lot of quizzes last semester.

4. Who (break) this window?

5. Who (teach) you how to tie your shoes?

6. I (not hear) the alarm when it (go) off this morning.

7. He (bring) an umbrella because the sky (be) cloudy when he (leave) for work.

8. She (wake) up at 6:00 this morining and (run) three times around the park.

9. I (meet) my fiancé(e) when we (be) exchange students in Canada.

10. Where (be) you yesterday? I (try) calling many times, but you (not answer) .

11. The dog (bite) me when I (feed) him this morning.

12. I (take) the test three times before I finally (pass) .

13. Please repeat your question. I (not undertand) what you (say) .

14. What fabulous shoes! Where (you buy) them? How much (they cost) ?

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�GUIDED RESPONSERespond to each question with a YES answer, as in the examples.

1. Did you sleep well?2. Did the alarm clock ring?3. Did you wake up right away?4. Did you take a shower?5. Did your mother make breakfast?6. Did you drink coffee?7. Did you read the newspaper?8. Did you hear the news?9. Did you leave the house on time?

10. Did you run to the bus stop?11. Was the bus on time?12. Was the bus crowded?13. Did you find a seat?14. Did you see your friend?15. Did you say “hello” to your friend?16. Did you tell your friend about the news?17. Did your friend understand you?18. Did you go directly to class?19. Did you sit in the back of the classroom?20. Did the professor come to class late?21. Did you have to wait?22. Did the professor teach you anything new?23. Did the professor ask you a question?24. Was the question easy?25. Did you feel bored during the lesson?26. Did you fall asleep?27. Did the professor catch you sleeping?28. Did he get angry?29. Did you apologize?30. Did he forgive you?

EXAMPLE 1

YOU SEE: “Were you tired?”

Ê “Yes, I was tired.”

EXAMPLE 2

YOU SEE: “Did you go to bed early?”

Ê “Yes, I went to bed early.”

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�DIALOG PRACTICEPractice the following dialog with a partner.

>> Where were you the other night?>> I'm sorry. I was busy. I had to work late.>> Why didn't you let us know?>> I wanted to call, but I couldn't.>> Why not?>> The battery of my cell phone died, and I forgot your number.>> We were all very worried about you.>> I hope you didn't wait too long.>> Actually, we waited for almost 45 minutes.>> Did you get to the concert on time?>> Yes. We got there just before it started.>> How was it?>> It was great. It's too bad you missed it.

WAYS & WORDSPast Tense of Modals (can & must)In the past tense, the modal auxilaries "can" and "must" appear as follows:

Present Tense Past Tense

I can do it.We can't see it.

I could do it.We couldn't see it.

I must do it. (= I have to do it) I had to do it.

The negative of "must not" and "did not have to" will be covered in a different lesson.

�PAIR PRACTICE Work with a partner. Use the CUES to short exchanges as in the EXAMPLES.

1. do your homework | go to the dentist 2. have dinner with your family | work late 3. do the shopping | pick up the kids at school4. get there on time | wait for a phone call 5. sleep well last night | pack my suitcases 6. drink at the party | drive everyone home

EXAMPLE 1

watch TV last night | study for a test

› Did you watch TV last night?

› No. I couldn't watch TV last night because I had to study for a test.

EXAMPLE 2

ride your bike this morning | repair the chain

› Did you ride you bike this morning?

› No. I couldn't ride my bike this morning because I had to repair the chain.

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�ORAL TRANSFORMATION DRILLChange the sentences you hear as in the EXAMPLES. (Note: this is the same as in the Guided Response activity on page page 61.)

Continue with CUES from the INSTRUCTOR.

�GUIDED RESPONSERespond to each statement with a question, as in the examples.

1. I took a test.2. She read a novel.3. He told a story.4. I applied for a job.5. He chose a major.6. We sang a song.7. I stayed at a hotel.8. We rode on a ferry.9. I learned a new word.

10. He broke his finger.11. We lost the game.12. She bought a computer.13. You forgot the rule.14. He came down with a disease.

EXAMPLE 1

YOU HEAR: “Was the test easy?”

Ê “Yes, the test was easy.”

EXAMPLE 2

YOU HEAR: “Did the alarm ring?”

Ê “Yes, the alarm rang.”

EXAMPLE 1

YOU SEE: “I saw a movie.”

Ê “What movie did you see?”

EXAMPLE 2

YOU SEE: “They ate at a restaurant.”

Ê “What restaurant did they eat at?”

EXAMPLE 3

YOU SEE: “I hurt my foot.”

Ê “Which foot did you hurt?”

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�HISTORY QUIZWork with a partner or members of a group. See how many of these questions you can answer correctly.

1. When did World War I begin?[A] 1914[B] 1917[C] 1923[D] 1927

2. Where was Adolf Hitler born?[A] Germany[B] Poland[C] Romania[D] Austria

3. Which two countries fought in the “One Hundred Years War”?[A] France and Spain[B] England and France[C] Holland and Germany[D] Austria and Italy

4. Who wrote Das Kapital?[A] Adam Smith[B] Martin Luther[C] Karl Marx[D] Immanuel Kant

5. Who was the first man to fly in space?[A] Neil Armstrong[B] John Glenn[C] Valentina Tereshkova[D] Yuri Gagarin

6. Who led India’s independence movement against Great Britain?[A] Siddhārtha Gautama[B] Salman Rushdie[C] Mohandas Gandhi[D] Shah Jahan

7. Which war started with The Marco Polo Bridge Incident?[A] Second Sino-Japanese War[B] Russo-Japanese War[C] The War of 1812[D] The Vietnam War

8. Which city hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics?[A] Rio[B] Sydney[C] Beijing[D] London

9. Which of these writers won the Nobel Prize for literature? [A] Kazuo Ishiguro[B] Leo Tolstoy[C] Murakami Haruki[D] Jorge Luis Borges

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10. When did the Titanic sink?[A] 1912[B] 1914[C] 1917[D] 1919

Expansion: Make your own History QuestionTogether with the members of your group, create two more qustions like the ones above. Ask the other members of the class.

�GROUP WORK Tell us about your summer vacation...

Work with members of a small group. Discuss the following questions freely. To make the conversation as natural as possible, respond to what the other members say with your own additional questions.

As always, try to use FULL SENTENCES.

1. Did you travel? If so, where did you go?2. How long did you stay?3. Did you travel alone or with someone else?4. How did you get there?5. Did you have a good time?6. Did you meet any new people?7. Did you buy any souvenirs?8. Did you read a book during your vacation? If so, what book? How was it?9. Did you see a movie during your vacation? If so, waht movie? Did you like it?

10. Did you make any changes to your life? (For example, did you start new lessons? Change your hairstyle? Lose weight? Grow a beard? Etc.)

11. Was there something that you wanted to do but couldn't?12. Did something make you laugh? Did something make you cry? Did

something make you angry?13. Did you learn anything new during your summer vacation?14. Did you work during your summer vacation?15. Did you save money or spend money?16. What was the best part of your summer vacation?

Summer Vacation

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�DIALOG PRACTICE Work with a partner. Based on the dialog "How was your summer vacation?" on page 56, create an original dialog

Practice and be prepared to share your dialog with other members of the class.

LISTENINGYou will hear a conversation. As you listen, try to decide if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. (If the statement is false, try to rephrase it so that it is true.)

1. Both men went to a barbecue. T | F 2. The barbecue was last Sunday. T | F3. Kyle's girlfriend doesn't eat meat. T | F4. She agreed to go fishing. T | F5. She caught a fish. T | F6. She threw the fish back into the ocean. T | F

Lesson 5 p. 68

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LIST OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBSStudy this list of irregular verbs.

PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

awake 起きる awoke awokenbe である・にいる was, were beenbeat 打つ・勝つ beat beatbecome になる became becomebegin 始める began begunbet 賭ける bet betbite 噛む bit bittenbleed 出血する bled bledblow 吹く blew blownbreak 壊す・折る broke brokenbring 持ってくる brought broughtbuild 建てる built builtburn 燃える・焼ける burned/burnt burned/burntbuy 買う bought boughtcatch 捕まえる caught caughtchoose 選ぶ chose chosencome 来る came comecost （金額が）かかる cost costcut 切る cut cutdeal 取り扱う dealt dealtdig 掘る dug dugdive 飛び込む dived/dove diveddo する did donedraw 描く・引く drew drawndrive 運転する drove drivendrink 飲む drank drunkeat 食べる ate eatenfall 落ちる fell fallenfeed 食物を与える fed fedfeel 感じる felt feltfight 戦う fought foughtfind 見つける found foundfit ぴったり合う・似合う fit fitfly 飛ぶ flew flownforbid 禁じる forbade forbiddenforget 忘れる forgot forgottenforgive 許す forgave forgivenfreeze 凍る froze frozenget 得る got gottengive 与える gave givengo 行く went gonegrow 育つ・成長する grew grownhang 掛ける hung hung

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hear 聞く heard heardhide 隠す hid hiddenhit 当たる hit hithold 持つ held heldhurt 痛む hurt hurtkeep 持ち続ける kept keptknow 知る knew knowlay 寝かす laid laidlead 導く led ledlearn 習う learned/learnt learned/learntleave 出発する left leftlend 貸す lent lentlet させてやる let letlose 失う lost lostmake 作る made mademean 意味する meant meantmeet 会う met metmistake 誤る mistook mistakenpay 払う paid paidput 置く put putquit 辞める quit quitread 読む read readride 乗る rode riddenring 鳴る・鳴らす rang rungrise のぼる rose risenrun 走る ran runsay 言う said saidsee 見る saw seenseek 探す sought soughtsell 売る sold soldsend 送る sent sentset 置く・すえる set setshake 揺れる shook shakenshoot 射る shot shotshow 見せる showed showed/shownshrink 縮む shrank shrunkshut 閉じる shut shutsing 歌を歌う sang sungsink 沈む sank sunksit 座る sat satsleep 寝る slept sleptspeak 話す spoke spokenspend 金を使う・費やす spent spentspill こぼす spilled/spilt spilled/spiltstand 立つ stood stood

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steal 盗む stole stolenstick はりつける stuck stuckstink 悪臭を放つ stank stunkstrike 打つ struck struckstrive 懸命に試みる strove strivenswear 契る swore swornsweep 掃く swept sweptswell 腫れる swelled swelled/swollen swim 泳ぐ swam swumswing 揺する swung swungtake 取る took takenteach 教える taught taughttear 破る tore torntell 話す・教える told toldthink 思う・考える thought thoughtthrow 投げる threw thrownthrust 強く押す thrust thrustunderstand 理解する understood understoodupset ひっくり返す・気を転倒させる

upset upset

wake 起こす woke wokenwear 着る wore wornweep 泣く wept weptwind 曲がりくねる wound woundwin 勝つ won wonwithhold 与えるのを差し控える

withheld withheld

withstand 我慢する withstood withstoodwrite 書く wrote written

lesson 5 - wadai english

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