lesson 9: making decisions “nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be...
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Lesson 9: Making Decisions
• “Nothing is more difficult, and therefore more precious, than to be able to decide.”– Napolean Bonaparte
• “It doesn’t matter which side of the fence you get off on sometimes. What matters most is getting off. You cannot make progress without making decisions.”– Jim Rohn
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1. What is decision making?
A. Process of developing a commitment to a course of action.
B. Some decisions are based on hunches & intuition.*Hunches are NOT guesses.
C. Experience is the most popular method of decision making.
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2. What are the steps of decision making?
A. A systematic approach of problem solving is the best way to make sound decisions.
B. First. Identify and define the specific problem.
- collect and analyze all information.
C. This is the hardest part of decision making.- time consuming, but worth it
D. Second. Generate alternatives.- 4 alternatives is a reasonable number.- Alternatives should be practical.
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Decision making steps continued
E. Third. Evaluate alternatives.- Leader must mentally test each alternative.- evaluate costs, time involved, outcome.
F. Fourth. Selecting a solution.- Decision phase.- Help employees to understand “why.”
G. Fifth. Implementing the solution.
H. Sixth. Follow up & evaluate the results.“Did the decision achieve desired results?
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Everyone makes a bad decision once in a while!
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3. What are some traps of decision making?
A.Become aware of the major traps. - 6 most frequently encountered traps.
B. All “life and death” situations- making too much out of trivial decisions.- allocate proper time depending on problem
C. Crisis situations. When time constraints are extreme - turning a normal situation into a crisis (over react).- stay calm in front of your team.
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D. Failing to consult others.- Problem with new managers. (sometimes seen as a sign of weakness)
E. Regretting past decisions: Skill of forgetting and not dwelling on bad decisions (STOP “What if we would have done it like . . .”)
F. Never admitting a mistake.- Must admit mistakes and take action.
G. Following precedents and policies.- Why reinvent something already good.- Use past to gain ideas and get better.
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4. What are some helpful decision making
techniques?A. Several Well-known
Decision-making techniques are available.
B. Decision Tree.- draw on paper to vision possibilities and alternatives
C. Cost-benefit analysis.- pros and cons of costs vs. value
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D. ABC analysis.- ranking of importance of alternatives.- consider only “A”s – obviously.
E. PERT chart (Program Evaluation and Review Technique).- used when many tasks must be coordinated.- shows order of tasks to complete project.
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Decision Tree
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Cost Benefit Analysis
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ABC Analysis of daily tasks
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PERT Chart
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5. When should decision making be made by a
group?A. Additional perspectives are provided
by a group.- Variety of skills and strengths are found in groups.
B. Increased input and suggestions from groups.- However, “group think”, and inefficiency can take place.-Group Think: Deeply involved in a cohesive group—failure to look outside the box.
C. Common situations that favor using a group:1. Creativity needed to a complex problem.2. Broad range of knowledge is required.3. Risk is high if a poor decision is made.4. If decision impacts large amount of people.