lessons learned from good examples on how to improve in
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LessonslearnedfromgoodexamplesonhowtoimproveoccupationalhealthandsafetyinmicroandsmallenterprisesAnn-BethAntonsson,IVLSwedishEnvironmentalResearchInstitutePeterHasle andBjarke Refslund,AalborgUniversity
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Background– theSesameprojectCommissionedassignmentforEU-OSHA(notfundedresearchbutwithconsiderableelementsofresearch)
Budget1332304Euro,threeyearproject
Ninepartners/countries,representingdifferentpartsofEurope
Coregroup– MoniqueRamioul,KULeuven,projectleader,Belgium
– PeterHasle,AalborgUniversity,Denmark
– DavidWalters,CardiffUniversity,UK
– LotharLissner/CarstenBrück,Koop,Germany
– Ann-BethAntonsson,IVL,Sweden
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Fourworkpackages1. OSHinMicroandSmallEnterprises,MSE– thestateofplay(reportEU-
OSHA2016)2. Theviewfromtheworkplace:interviewstounderstandOSHattitudes
andbehaviours inMSE(tobepublished2018)3. Frompolicytopractice:towhatextenthasthedesignand
implementationofOSHpolicies,strategies,programmes,actionsandsupportforMSEsucceeded? (tobepublished2017)– Surveyanddescriptionofgoodexamples– WorkshopswithstakeholdersandMSE– Ananalyticalreport
4. Finalanalysisandsupporttowrap-upseminarRealisticevaluation,Whatworks,forwhom,underwhatcircumstances(Pawson&Tilley1997)
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Selectioncriteria– goodexamplesCurrentgoodexample.Stillrunningorterminatedthelast5years.Evidenceofimpact,e.g.throughevaluations,statisticsonuseanduptakeorsubjectiveevaluationsbystakeholders.Coverage,reachingouttomanycompanies,e.g.ahighnumberoraconsiderableshareofthetargetgroup.Sustainable,e.g.runningforsometime,alastingresult,affordablecostorsustainablefinancing.TheselectionofexamplesshouldreflectdifferenttypologiesofMSEanddifferenttypesofgoodexamples.
=>mostresearchprojectsarepilotstudiesanddonotfulfilthesecriteria
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Avarietyofgoodexamples:44from12countries
Orchestratedexamplesbuiltonmulti-dimensionalstrategies(6)GetMSEsawareof,interestedinandworkingwithOSH(5)StrengtheningOSHinfrastructurethroughstructuresforprovidingpersonalOSHsupporttoMSEs(4)Non-OSHintermediariesengaginginOSH(2+2)UsingrequirementsfromthevaluechainasaleverforOSH(3)OSHtrainingforMSEsandtheiremployees(7+2)EconomicsupportforOSHimprovement(1+1)ProvisionoftoolsandmethodssuitedforsupportofOSHandOSHmanagementinMSEs(12)Methodsforauthorities’supervisionadaptedtoMSEs(2)
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TheexamplesreflectthecomplexityofimprovingOSHinMSE
OnesizedonotfitallMSEDrivers– Increaseawareness– AwardOSHimprovementsandmanagement– Internal,knowledgeaboutrisks– External,businessinterest– External,regulatoryrequirements– EconomicsupporttoOSHimprovements
Support– Tools– OSHtraining– Personalsupport– SupportinginfrastructureDissemination,reachingouttoMSE– Inspections– Non-OSHintermediaries– Stakeholders
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SomegeneralconclusionsAvarietyofapproaches,whichwasstrivedforintheselectionofexamplesMostexamplesbuildonMSE´svoluntaryparticipation– WhataboutthemajorityofMSEthatdonotvolunteer?
Mostexamplesaredirectedtowardsandadaptedtosectors– Whataboutsmallsectors(fewMSE)?
Highrisksectorscommonlyselectedastargetgroup,e.g.constructionindustryandagriculture– Whatsupportisavailableforothersectors?
Impactisoftenevaluatedthroughcountingdownloadsetc.ThereisalackofevaluationofimpactofthegoodexamplesScarceknowledgeaboutimpact intermsofreducedrisksandreducedinjuryrates– Whatdowereallyknowabouttheimpact?
Thereisusuallyalackofexplicitlydescribedprogrammetheory,describinginwhatwaytheprogrammes,toolsetc.willgiveeffect– NosystematicapproachtakingintoaccountthecomplexityofimprovingOSHInMSE
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Based onEureniusC.Verktygförsmåföretagensarbetsmiljö- Behov,MarknadsföringochUtformning(ToolsforOSHinMSE)IVLreportB1173
Perceivedneed,drivers
Developmentoftool,programme
etc.Dissemination
Accessibility
AdaptationtoMSE
RelevantOSHimprovements
UsedbyMSE
UptakebyMSE
Decreasedoccupational
injuries
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ThenationalcontextDifferentstakeholderstakeresponsibilityforOSH– Mainlyauthorities(e.g.Estonia,Poland,Romania)
– Insurancecompanies(e.g.Germany,Italy)
– Socialpartners(e.g.Sweden,Denmark)
ResourcesforOSHsupportandadviceaswellaspersonalsupporttoMSEvariesimmensely
MSEneedsvarybetweencountries
Eachcountrycanfindmethodsthatworksforthem
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TheproblemtobesolvedanddriversinMSEtosolveitThetargetgroup,contextandculture– Nationalcontext– Vulnerability– Decisionlatitudeofcompany(whohasthepowertodecideaboutOSHand
measuresneeded)– Positioninthevaluechainandimpactfromvaluechain– Usedtoreadingandwriting?Usuallygoodpracticemeasuresismoreeffective
thanstartingidentifyingandassessingrisks
Legitimacyanddissemination– Samemessagefromdifferentstakeholder,cooperationbetweenstakeholders
Sustainability– Whowilltakethe´longtermresponsibility?
Factorstoconsiderinthedesignofanintervention– theroadtosuccess
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Developmentofnewstrategiesandmoreeffectivestrategies
NecessarytodevelopstrategiesthatreachnotonlytheinterestedbutallMSEOrchestratedprogrammes,agoodwaytoreachMSEwithvaryingOSHambitions– offerssomethingforall– Orchestratedaction– combinessupportwithcarrotandsticks
ThemainstrategyofMSEisreactive– adapttothatandidentifyactionsthatwillmakeMSEreactandtakeactionSupportisbestofferedasadviceongoodpractice=solutionstocommonOSHproblems,complementedbyothertoolsIdentifytheimpactofthevaluechain– canstrategicalliancesbeformedwithactorsinthevaluechainincludingnon-OSHintermediaries?