lessons learned from past notable disasters part iii b: china’ typhoons
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART III B: CHINA’ TYPHOONS. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK. FLOODS. GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE. TYPHOONS. EARTHQUAKES. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS
PART III B: CHINA’ TYPHOONS
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
FLOODS
TYPHOONS
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDESS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
CHINA’SCHINA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
CHINA’SCHINA’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
• EVENTEVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COSTCOST
• BENEFITBENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES
TYPHOONS
CHINA IS AT RISK FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING EVERY YEAR IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
20O5’S TYPHOON MATSA(second of eight to make landfall in China in 2005)
Matsa made landfall late on August 5 near Yuhuan in the southern region of Zhejiang
Province.
STORM TRACK OF MATSA AUGUST 2005
IMPACTS OF MATSA
• In the People's Republic of China, heavy rain fall in combination with strong wind destroyed about 59,000 houses and damaged more than 20,000 km2 (7,700 sq mi) of croplands; causing 25 fatalities and $18 billion in damage[
2011’S SUPER TYPHOON MUIFA
““A RAIN BOMB”A RAIN BOMB”
--- AND THE WORST TYPHOON SINCE --- AND THE WORST TYPHOON SINCE TYPHOON MATSA IN 2005TYPHOON MATSA IN 2005
STORM TRACK OF MUIFAJULY 27 - AUGUST 10, 2011
STORM TRACK OF MUIFAJULY 27 - AUGUST 10, 2011
IMPACTS OF MUIFA
• On August 6, as super typhoon Muifa approached Mainland China, over 200,000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas.
• 1.35 million people were evacuated from Shanghai and other locations as the storm approached landfall in northern China.
IMPACTS MUIFA
• Heavy rain (“the rain bomb”) and strong winds affected more than 10 provinces of China for three days, beginning on August 7
IMPACTS OF MUIFA
• Muifa battered the provinces of Liaoning, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, affecting 1.74 million residents, and damaging 101,000 hectares of farmland, with estimated economic losses of US $480 million.
2012’S TYPOONS WITH A FOCUS OF THOSE
AFFECTING CHINA
STORM TRACKS AS OF SEPTEMBER 20, 2012
THE FORECAST UNDER-ESTIMATED THE 2012 SEASON
The actual season EXCEEDED the forecast, which was based on the expectation of El Nino’s impacts in the Pacific.
But, as forecast, China was significantly impacted.
NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS
• PAKHAR – March 27
• MARWAR – May 31-June 6
• TALIM – June 8
• DOKSURI – June 25-30
• VICENTE – July 24-25
• SAOLA – July 28
• DAMREY – August 1
NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS
• HAIKUI – August 6
• KIROGI – August 9
• TAI-TAK – August 16
• TEMBIN – August 18
• BOLAVEN – September 4
• SAMBA – THE WORST, September 12
• JELAWAT – September 20
NAMES OF THE STORMS OF 2012
• EWINIAR – September 24
• MALEKSI – September 29
• GAEMI – September 29
• PRAPIROON – October 7
• MARIA – October 14
• SON-TINH – October 19
• BOPHA – Nov. 29-Dec. 5
As of August 22, 15 typhoons had formed in the
northwest Pacific Ocean and south China Sea, with six of them making landfall
in China, more than twice as many as in 2011.
CONSECUTIVE INPACTS IN CHINA: JULY-SEPTEMBER: 2012
• Consecutive tropical storms/typhoons (Vicente, Talim, Saola, Damrey, Haikui, Kai-Tak, Talem, and Bolaven) left at least 51 died, displaced over 4.1 million people, and caused direct economic losses exceeding 1 billion USD.
TROPICAL STORM DOKSURI: JUNE 25-30
DOKSURI IMPACTED THE PHILIPPINES, TAIWAN, AND CHINA
• Over $54 million in wind and water damage.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS
• PREPAREDNESS MEANS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH VELOC-ITY WIND FIELDS AND RAIN AND PLAN IN ADVANCE.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT
ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF MANY BUILDINGS.
TYPHOON VINCENTE CAUSES RECORD FLOODING IN BEIJING,
CHINA AREA
JULY 24-25, 2012
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS.
• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
VICENTE
VICENTE’S PATH ENROUTE TO GUONGDONG, CHINA
SOLDIERS WITH SANDBAGS: FANGSHAN DISTRICT
VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM
• After landfall in Guangdong, China on July 24th, Vincente became a rainmaker across China
VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM WITH A REGIONAL IMPACT
• After landfall on July 24th in Guangdong, China, Vicente became a big rainmaker, causing regional flooding in diverse places like Beijing (the capitol) and Hong Kong.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR
INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
VINCENTE CAUSES FLOODING IN BEIJING
BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; JULY 24, 2012
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR
RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; CLEANING UP
BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY: CLEANING UP
Vicente’s flooding was devastating in spite of flood
control measures added since the 1940’s: dams, 280 000 km of embankments, 86 000 reservoirs, and 97 flood
retention areas
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
• Worst deluge in 61 years
• One day of rainfall in the Beijing area (18 inches) was equal to 6 months of normal rainfall
• 100 dead; 38 in Beijing area
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
• $1.6 billion in urban damage
• 57,000 forced from homes
• Over 12,000 hectares of agricultural food crops impacted,
TYPHOON SAOLA: JULY 28
TYPHOON DAMREY: AUGUST 1
TYPHOON HAIKUI: AUGUST 6
TYPHOON TAI-TAK (HELEN): AUGUST 15
Typhoon Kai-Tak left three people dead, one person missing and forced over
111,500 people to evacuate their homes in southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang
autonomous region
TYPHOON BOLAVEN: SEPTEMBER 4
TYPHOON BOLAVEN: CHINA
• Typhoon Bolaven triggered heavy flooding in China's northeastern region, driving thousands from their homes.
TROPICAL STORM TALIM: CHINA; JULY 8, 2012