LESSONS OF THE LESSONS OF THE RUSSIAN-USRUSSIAN-US

COOPERATION IN SPACECOOPERATION IN SPACE

Yevgeny ZvedreYevgeny Zvedre Senior Counselor of the Russian EmbassySenior Counselor of the Russian Embassy for Science and Technolofor Science and Technologgy, Washington, DCy, Washington, DC

Boston University, 12 April 2007Boston University, 12 April 2007

2007 – a Year of Space

100th anniversary of Sergey Korolev

150th anniversary of Constantine Tsyolkovsky

40th anniversary of the Outer Space Treaty

50th anniversary of the launch of the first man-made satellite

USSR and USA:USSR and USA: moving towards cooperation in moving towards cooperation in

space space October 4, 1957 - launch of the SPUTNIKOctober 4, 1957 - launch of the SPUTNIK

April 12, 1961 - first orbital human flight by Y.GagarinApril 12, 1961 - first orbital human flight by Y.Gagarin

May 1, 1961 - A.Shepard – first American in spaceMay 1, 1961 - A.Shepard – first American in space

June 1962 - first space agreement between NASA June 1962 - first space agreement between NASA and the Soviet Academy of Sciences and the Soviet Academy of Sciences

May 1972May 1972 - first bilateral Agreement on Peaceful Space - first bilateral Agreement on Peaceful Space Cooperation Cooperation

May 24, 1972 - A.Kosygin and R.Nixon sign Agreement on the May 24, 1972 - A.Kosygin and R.Nixon sign Agreement on the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (APSTP) Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (APSTP)

July 17, 1975July 17, 1975 - Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft dock in Earth orbit - Soyuz and Apollo spacecraft dock in Earth orbit

Russia and USA:Russia and USA: real partners in real partners in

spacespace

Russia and USA:Russia and USA: real partners in space real partners in space

June 17, 1992 - agreement on exploration of outer space June 17, 1992 - agreement on exploration of outer space between between newly emerged Russia and the US newly emerged Russia and the US signed by signed by Presidents B.Yeltsin and G.Bush Presidents B.Yeltsin and G.BushOctober 1992 - agreement on a long-duration flight of a US October 1992 - agreement on a long-duration flight of a US

astronaut on astronaut on MirMir Space Station in Space Station in 19951995April 1993 - first contact to discuss perspectives of Russia April 1993 - first contact to discuss perspectives of Russia

joining the future joining the future ISSISS program program March 14, 1995 - N.Thagard – first American astronaut March 14, 1995 - N.Thagard – first American astronaut launched on launched on Soyuz, three months stay aboard Soyuz, three months stay aboard MirMirJune-July 1996 - Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with June-July 1996 - Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with MirMirNov.-Dec. 1998 - launches of two first modules of the Nov.-Dec. 1998 - launches of two first modules of the International International Space Station Space StationAugust 1999August 1999 - return of the last expedition to - return of the last expedition to MirMir, the , the Station Station left unoccupied for the first time in left unoccupied for the first time in decadedecadeOct.-May 2000 - first Russian-US crew delivered to the Oct.-May 2000 - first Russian-US crew delivered to the ISS ISS

International Space Station is a unique experience in working out necessary political, technological, administrative and legal arrangements for building large scale international projects through multilateral effort,largest international research facility in space, anda spring board and test bed for future space exploration.

new opportunitiesnew opportunities tremendous tremendous challengeschallenges