lg 4 dna and protein synthesis ribonucleic acid rna – steps in protein synthesis transcription –...
DESCRIPTION
RNA RNA (ribonucleic acid) is another type of nucleic acid that plays a role in decoding DNA.TRANSCRIPT
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LG 4 DNA and Protein Synthesis
Ribonucleic AcidRNA –Steps in Protein SynthesisTranscription –Translation –Functions of ProteinsStructural –Signals –Enzymes –Carriers –
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Unit IV - GeneticsLearning Goal 4
Describe how DNA is used by cells to produce proteins.
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RNA
• RNA (ribonucleic acid) is another type of nucleic acid that plays a role in decoding DNA.
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• RNA is different from DNA in the following ways:
• It contains uracil instead of thymine
• It contains ribose instead of deoxyribose
• It is single stranded instead of double stranded
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Steps in Protein Synthesis
• Transcription• A section of DNA
called a gene contains the code for a certain protein.
• When the protein is needed by the cell, this section unwinds.
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• RNA nucleotides line up and bond with their complimentary nitrogen bases on the appropriate side of the exposed DNA
• G-C, C-G, U-A, A-T• When transcription is
complete, messenger RNA (mRNA) separates from the DNA and moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm where it hooks up with ribosomes.
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Translation• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
brings amino acids to complimentary regions on the mRNA.
• These regions are called codons and are 3-letter segments
• The 3-letter tRNA segments are called anti codons
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• Amino acids are positioned side by side and bond together to form polypeptides, which then become part of protein molecules.
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Functions of Proteins
• Structural (muscles, connective tissue)• Example: collagen
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• Signals (hormones, neurotransmitters)• Example: insulin that signals cells to take in
glucose
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• Enzymes that speed up chemical reactions in cells
• Example: lipase for fat digestion
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• Carriers that move substances around in the body.
• Example: hemoglobin that carries oxygen to cells.
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3b9ArupXZg&feature=player_detailpage
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqvYOr78THo&list=RD02iSt7oh9E1Dg&feature=player_detailpage