lhc status and cerns future plans lyn evans. l. evans – edms document no. 859415 2 machine layout

LHC Status and CERN’s future plansLyn Evans

L. Evans – EDMS document no. 859415 2

Machine layout


Cryodipole overview

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01-Jan-01 01-Jan-02 01-Jan-03 01-Jan-04 01-Jan-05 01-Jan-06 01-Jan-07 01-Jan-08

Equ

ival

ent

dipo

les

Cold masses delivered Cryodipoles assembled

Cryodipoles cold tests passed Cryodipoles assigned to position in ring

Cryodipoles prepared for installation Cryodipoles installed


Short Straight Section overview

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01-Jan-01 01-Jan-02 01-Jan-03 01-Jan-04 01-Jan-05 01-Jan-06 01-Jan-07 01-Jan-08

Equ

ival

ent

SS

S

Cold masses delivered SSS assembled SSS cold test passedSSS assigned to position in ring SSS prepared for installation SSS installed


Bending strength of dipoles

10.07

10.09

10.11

10.13

10.15

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200

Magnet progressive number

Int t

ran

sf fu

nc

(Tm

/kA

)

-40

-20

0

20

40

Un

its

Firm 1

Firm 2

Firm 3

AT-MAS

Cold mass

upper limit for single magnet (3 sigma)

lower limit for single magnet (3 sigma)


Completion of magnet cryostating & tests, 1 March 2007

Cryostating 425 FTE.years

Cold tests 640 FTE.years


Descent of the last magnet, 26 April 2007

30’000 km underground at 2 km/h!


Dipole-dipole interconnect


Dipole-dipole interconnect: electrical splices


Magnet interconnections

General Advancement of Interconnects per Sector 16-July-2007

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

sector 1-2 sector 2-3 sector 3-4 sector 4-5 sector 5-6 sector 6-7 sector 7-8 sector 8-1

Close W & Jumper

Weld Package I & VAC tests

N-Line Package

Cryo-Lines Welding &Testing

Electrical Interconnects &QA per halfcell

IC preparation


Global pressure test of Sector 4-5, 12 May 2007


Flushing machine - Wk 2 January 07

Before

After

Kapton bits

Metal strips

≈ 50 h

+ 8 L of Water


Q1.R8


Cooldown of Sector 7-8

From RT to 80K precooling with LN2. 1200 tons of LN2 (64 trucks of 20 tons). Three weeks for the first sector.

From 80K to 4.2K. Cooldown with refrigerator. Three weeks for the first sector. 4700 tons of material to be cooled.

From 4.2K to 1.9K. Cold compressors at 15 mbar. Four days for the first sector.


600 kW precooling to 80 K with LN2 (up to ~5 tons/h)

Large helium refrigerator for cooling down to 4.5 K

33 kW @ 50 K to 75 K 23 kW @ 4.6 K to 20 K 41 g/s liquefaction


First cool-down of Sector 7-8

LHC sector 78 - First cooldown

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15/01/0718:00

21/01/0718:00

27/01/0718:00

02/02/0718:00

08/02/0718:00

14/02/0718:00

20/02/0718:00

26/02/0718:00

04/03/0718:00

10/03/0718:00

Time (UTC)

Tem

per

atu

re (

K)

Supply temperature Magnet temperature (average over sector)

Return temperature Thermal shields temp. (average over sector)

Active cooling in all thermal shields and

cryogenic tranfer lines. All magnets isolated.

Thermal shield

temp.

Supply

temperature

Return

temperature

Magnet

temp.

Re-start of active cooling for cryogenic

transfer lines

Re-start of active cooling for magnets

Active cooling in all thermal shields and

cryogenic tranfer lines. All magnets isolated.


120 g/s GHe from 15 mbar with 4 stages

Hydrodynamic cold compressors for 1.8 K refrigeration


Magnet temperature profile along Sector 7-8 during final cool down to He II

First cool-down of Sector 7-8


Sector 7-8 Cooldown


First powering of main quadrupoles


Cool-Down until Saturday 14-7-7Cool-Down Speed

Avg. Cold Mass Temperature

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7/5/076:00

7/6/076:00

7/7/076:00

7/8/076:00

7/9/076:00

7/10/076:00

7/11/076:00

7/12/076:00

7/13/076:00

7/14/076:00

7/15/076:00

7/16/076:00

7/17/076:00

7/18/076:00

7/19/076:00

Date

T c

m [

K]

planned [K] measured [K] data S7-8 [K]


Installation & equipment commissioning

Procurement problems of remaining components (DFBs, collimators) now settled

Good progress of installation and interconnection work, proceeding at high pace in tunnel

Numerous non-conformities intercepted by QA program, but resulting in added work and time

Technical solutions found for inner triplet problems and repair well underway.

Commissioning of first sectors can proceed by isolating faulty triplets, but will have to be re-done with repaired triplets (needing additional warm-up/cooldown cycles)

First sector cooled down to nominal temperature and operated with superfluid helium; teething problems with cold compressor operation have now been fixed. Second sector being cooled down.

Power tests have started.


General schedule

Engineering run originally foreseen at end 2007 now precluded by delays in installation and equipment commissioning.

450 GeV operation now part of normal setting up procedure for beam commissioning to high-energy

General schedule has been revised, accounting for inner triplet repairs and their impact on sector commissioning

All technical systems commissioned to 7 TeV operation, and machine closed April 2008

Beam commissioning starts May 2008

First collisions at 14 TeV c.m. July 2008

Luminosity evolution will be dominated by our confidence in the machine protection system and by the ability of the detectors to absorb the rates.

No provision in success-oriented schedule for major mishaps, e.g. additional warm-up/cooldown of sector


LHC General Schedule, 5 July 2007

Interconnection of the continuous cryostat

Leak tests of the last sub-sectors

Inner Triplets repairs & interconnections

Global pressure test &Consolidation

Flushing

Cool-down

Warm up

Powering Tests

Global pressure test &Consolidation

Cool-down

Powering Tests

General schedule Baseline rev. 4.0


European Strategy Group (1/2)

Consolidation and upgrade of

injectors

LHC upgrade and maximum performance

injectors

[Quotes from the official statement – July 14, 2006]


R & D for LHC upgrade and facility

preparation for facility

European Strategy Group (2/2)

[Quotes from the official statement – July 14, 2006]


CERN accelerator complex


Upgrade procedure

parameters icrelativist classical :

raccelerato theof radiusmean :

emittances e transversnormalized :

nchprotons/bu ofnumber :with

,

2,

R

N

RNQ

YX

b

YX

bSC

1. Lack of reliability:

Ageing accelerators (PS is 48 years old !) operating far beyond initial parameters

need for new accelerators designed for the needs of SLHCneed for new accelerators designed for the needs of SLHC

2. Main performance limitation:

Excessive incoherent space chargetune spreads QSC at injection in thePSB (50 MeV) and PS (1.4 GeV) becauseof the high required beam brightness N/*.

need to increase the injection energy in the synchrotronsneed to increase the injection energy in the synchrotrons

• Increase injection energy in the PSB from 50 to 160 MeV kinetic

• Increase injection energy in the SPS from 25 to 50 GeV kinetic

• Design the PS successor (PS2) with an acceptable space charge effect for the maximum beam envisaged for SLHC: => injection energy of 4 GeV


Upgrade components

PSB

SPSSPS+

Linac4

LPSPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put e

nerg

y

160 MeV

1.4 GeV4 GeV

26 GeV50 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

LPSPL: Low PowerSuperconducting Proton Linac (4 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Proton flux / Beam power

PS2

PSB

SPSSPS+

Linac4

LPSPL

PS

LHC / SLHC DLHC

Out

put e

nerg

y

160 MeV

1.4 GeV4 GeV

26 GeV50 GeV

450 GeV1 TeV

7 TeV~ 14 TeV

Linac250 MeV

LPSPL: Low PowerSuperconducting Proton Linac (4 GeV)

PS2: High Energy PS(~ 5 to 50 GeV – 0.3 Hz)

SPS+: Superconducting SPS(50 to1000 GeV)

SLHC: “Superluminosity” LHC(up to 1035 cm-2s-1)

DLHC: “Double energy” LHC(1 to ~14 TeV)

Proton flux / Beam power

PS2


Layout of the new injectors

SPS

PS2

SPL

Linac4

PS


accelerating accelerating tunneltunnel

accelerating accelerating tunneltunnel

klystron hall (above klystron hall (above ground)ground)

klystron hall (above klystron hall (above ground)ground)

HH-- source & RFQ source & RFQHH-- source & RFQ source & RFQ

Linac4 building and infrastructure


Linac4 and SPL buildings

Linac4 tunnelLinac4 tunnelLinac4 tunnelLinac4 tunnel

SPL SPL klystron klystron gallerygallery

SPL SPL klystron klystron gallerygallery

SPL tunnelSPL tunnelSPL tunnelSPL tunnel Linac4 klystron Linac4 klystron hallhall

Linac4 klystron Linac4 klystron hallhall


Ion species H-

Output energy 160 MeV

Bunch frequency 352.2 MHz

Max. repetition rate 2 Hz

Beam pulse duration 0.4 ms

Chopping factor (beam on) 62%

Source current 80 mA

RFQ output current 70 mA

Linac current 64 mA

Average current during beam pulse 40 mA

Beam power 5.1 kW

Particles p. pulse 1.0 1014

Transverse emittance (source) 0.2 mm mrad

Transverse emittance (linac) 0.4 mm mrad

Stage 1: Linac4 (1/3)

Linac4 beam characteristics


Linac4 structures

HH- - sourcesource RFQRFQ choppchopperer DTLDTL CCDTLCCDTL PIMSPIMS

3 MeV 50 MeV 102 MeV

352.2 MHz

160 MeV




Direct benefits of the new linacDirect benefits of the new linac Stop of Linac2:

End of recurrent problems with Linac2 (vacuum leaks, etc.) End of use of obsolete RF triodes (hard to get + expensive)

Higher performance: Space charge decreased by a factor of 2 in the PSB

=> potential to double the beam brightness and fill the PS with the LHC beam in a single pulse,=> easier handling of high intensity. Potential to double the intensity per pulse.

Low loss injection process (Charge exchange instead of betatron stacking) High flexibility for painting in the transverse and longitudinal planes (high speed chopper at 3

MeV in Linac4) First step towards the SPL:

Linac4 will provide beam for commissioning LPSPL + PS2 without disturbing physics.

Benefits for users of the PSBBenefits for users of the PSB Good match between space charge limits at injection in the PSB and PS

=> for LHC, no more long flat bottom at PS injection + shorter flat bottom at SPS injection: easier/ more reliable operation / potential for ultimate beam from the PS

More intensity per pulse available for PSB beam users (ISOLDE) – up to 2 More PSB cycles available for other uses than LHC


3 different designs:

CDR2 (2006) based on 700 MHz high-gradient cavities

“LPSPL” for LHC (2007) with low beam power, for the needs of the LHC

“SPL” at higher energy, for the needs of neutrino production

Stage 22 2’2’

CDR2CDR2 ““LPSPL” for LPSPL” for SPS & LHCSPS & LHC

““SPL”SPL”

Energy (GeV) 3.5 4 5

Beam power (MW) 4 0.19 4 - 8

Rep. frequency (Hz) 50 2 50

Protons/pulse (x 1014) 1.4 1.2 1

Av. Pulse current (mA) 40 20 40

Pulse duration (ms) 0.57 1.9 0.4

Bunch frequency (MHz) 352.2 352.2 352.2

Physical length (m) 430 ~460 535

LPSPL and SPL beam characteristics

Stage 2: LPSPL + PS2 (1/3)


PS2PS2 PSPS

Injection energy kinetic (GeV) 4.0 1.4

Extraction energy kinetic (GeV) ~ 50 13/25

Circumference (m) 1346 628

Maximum intensity LHC (25ns) (p/b) 4.0 x 1011 1.7 x 1011

Maximum intensity for fixed target physics (p/p) 1.2 x 1014 3.3 x 1014

Maximum energy per beam pulse (kJ) 1000 70

Max ramp rate (T/s) 1.5 2.2

Repetition time at 50 GeV (s) ~ 2.5 1.2/2.4

Max. effective beam power (kW) 400 60


PS2 beam characteristics


Direct benefits of the LPSPL + PS2Direct benefits of the LPSPL + PS2 Stop of PSB and PS:

End of recurrent problems (damaged magnets in the PS, etc.) End of maintenance of equipment with multiple layers of modifications End of operation of old accelerators at their maximum capability Safer operation at higher proton flux (adequate shielding and collimation)

Higher performance: Capability to deliver 2.2 the ultimate beam for LHC to the SPS

=> potential to prepare the SPS for supplying the beam required for the SLHC, Higher injection energy in the SPS + higher intensity and brightness

=> easier handling of high intensity. Potential to increase the intensity per pulse.

Benefits for users of the LPSPL and PS2Benefits for users of the LPSPL and PS2 More than 50 % of the LPSPL pulses will be available (not needed by PS2)

=> New nuclear physics experiments – extension of ISOLDE (if no EURISOL)… Upgraded characteristics of the PS2 beam wrt the PS (energy and flux) Potential for a higher proton flux from the SPS



Upgrade the LPSPL into an SPL (multi- MW beam power at 2-5 GeV):Upgrade the LPSPL into an SPL (multi- MW beam power at 2-5 GeV):

50 Hz rate with upgraded infrastructure (electricity, water, cryo-plants, …) 40 mA beam current by doubling the number of klystrons in the superconducting part

Possible usersPossible users

EURISOL (2EURISOL (2ndnd generation ISOL-type RIB facility) generation ISOL-type RIB facility)=> special deflection system(s) out of the SPL into a transfer line

=> new experimental facility with capability to receive 5 MW beam power

=> potential of supplying -unstable isotopes to a -beam facility…

Neutrino factoryNeutrino factory=> energy upgrade to 5 GeV (+70 m of sc accelerating structures)

=> 2 fixed energy rings for protons (accumulator & compressor)

=> accelerator complex with target, capture-cooling-acceleration (20-50 GeV) and storage

Stage 2’: SPL


CDR 2

Planning …

Linac4 approval

3 MeV test place ready

SPL & PS2 approvalStart for Physics

lhc status and cerns future plans lyn evans. l. evans – edms document no. 859415 2 machine layout

Documents

evans edms document

sector slide

cooldown slide

refrigeration slide

r8 slide

water slide

cooldown speed slide

machine layout slide