Library Research Step by StepFor Human Rights

Before you start searching

• The licenses for most of our research tools require that users are on UCSD IP addresses– Are you on the wireless network at UCSD?• Make sure you’re using the UCSD-PROTECTED network.

– Are you off-campus?• Make sure you’re using the VPN or Proxy

Choose your topic and keywords.• Develop your research question, hypothesis, or

thesis statement– I'm interested in last year’s factory fire in Pakistan

and worker's rights (or lack thereof) in the country.• Break that statement into key concepts,

– Pakistan, factories, workers, rights• Think of other ways to phrase those concepts.

Use synonyms. Consider more specific words (to narrow your focus) or more general terms (to expand your search), e.g.– Pakistan or South Asia or Asia or developing

countries...– factories or manufacturing or garment industry or

workers or labor or safety...– rights or regulations or laws or legislation

Construct a basic search strategy.• In most databases, you can combine terms

with and (both terms must appear in the hit)and or (one term must appear in the hit—for synonyms or evenly weighted terms) – workers and rights; law or legislation

• In many databases, you can use a symbol such as * or ! to take the place of letters to get hits with multiple endings of a word– manufactur*

• Example search: Pakistan and (workers or factories or

manufactur*) and (rights or law)

Choose the kinds of resources you want to find and the best tools to find them.

• Each tool helps you find a specific, limited kind and amount of information.

• Knowing which tools might help you find what you're looking for will save you a lot of time.

Books

Books typically cover a single topic in depth.Look in an online library catalog like (UC San Diego’s library catalog)• Tip: Many of the Library’s books are now

ebooks. Use to find the link.• Tip: Not enough at UC San Diego, or the book

you want checked out?– Try to request books from other San

Diego libraries– Try to request books from other

University of California libraries

Scholarly ArticlesScholarly articles cover more narrow topics than books. Because they are shorter, they are often published more quickly, too, making them more current. The Library has literally hundreds of databases for finding articles.Look in a discipline specific databases such as Worldwide Political Science Abstracts to find the core publications in your field.

Or look in multidisciplinary databases for a little bit of everything.

Primary Sources

Primary sources are materials that document the event when it happened—or as close to when it happened as possible. Items in the Library are cataloged in and other resources are available in specialized databases. Examples include:• News: traditional and social media• Government publications and official

documents• First person accounts: diaries, letters,

oral histories, blogs…

Statistics & Datasets

Generally available in specialized databases or directly from the researchers as• Aggregate/statistics (numbers already

analyzed)• Microdata (lowest level of collection)

Run searches using the tools you choose.

Experiment with keywords and combinations of keywords, e.g. I might try• Pakistan and (worker* or labor

or labour) and rights• Pakistan and (factories or

manufactur*) and (regulat* or legislat* or law)

• Pakistan and garment industry

Try different tools.

• Check the help screens or guides to each database for specifics on combining your terms and whether your results are ranked by date or relevance.

• When you find good hits, look at the subject headings/descriptors. Try running new searches using those terms.

Get the citation information. You need this for your bibliography.

You list the works you cite so that readers interested in your research can find and read the resources you used to draw your conclusions.• Email records to yourself as a backup.• Some databases can export the citation in a

specific format (e.g. APA, Chicago, MLA)• Use RefWorks (free to UCSD students) to

manage, store, and format your citations.

Get the actual item.

• If the full text isn’t available in your search results. Look for the button.

• Link to full text if available.• No full text? – Try for the print

• No UCSD access at all? – You can usually request the item from another

library using the link.– For books, try or

Evaluate the source• Does it answer the

question?• What are the

author’s credentials? – And what sources do

they cite?• Is the source current

enough for the kind of research you're doing?