Libro de Gramaticas

Shakira Rushing

Table of contents

• Imperfect– Imperfect ending chart

• Preterite• Future • Conditional• Por vs. Para• Commands• Present Perfect• Double Object Pronouns • Adverbs• Subjunctive • Se Impersonal • Progressive w/ir, andar, y seguir

Imperfect Tense

• What used to happen or is happening at the time of narration – Los pajaros cantaban

• Describe people in the past tense– Mi mama tenia una cara bonita y era muy amable

• Describe a state of mind, an opinion, or a feeling in the past – Yo pensaba que él era muy tonto

• Express a time of day in the past – Eran las ocho de la noche

• Describing an action that was happening when interrupted by another action – Comíamos cuando el nos llamó

• To set the stage, describe a situation or setting – El sol brillaba nacia un tiempo muyagradable y todos estaban muy contentos.

Imperfect ending chart

veíaneraniban

veíamoseramosibamos

veíaeraiba

veíaserasibas

veíaeraiba

verserir

Preterite

• Past tense

• Known beginning and ending

• Snapshot of time– Preterite Trigger Words

• Ayer• Anoche• Anteayer• Le semana pasado

Future

• The future tense is used to tell what “will” or “might” happen.

-ánEllos/Ellas/Uds.

-emosNosotros

-áElla/El/Ud.

-ásTu

-éYo

EndingForm

Valdr-ValerTendr-Tener

Sabr-SaberSaldr-Salir

Querr-QuererPondr-Poner

Podr-PoderHar-Hacer

Vendr-VenirDir-Decir

Stem Change

VerbStem Change

Verbs

Conditional• The conditional is used to express something that “would,

should, or could” happen

-íanEllos/Ellas/Uds

-íamosNosotros

-íaElla/El/Ud.

-íasTu

-íaYo

EndingForm

Querr-Querer

Podr-Poder

Vendr-Venir

Tendr-Tener

Sabr-Saber

Pondr-Poner

Har-Hacer

Dir-Decir

Saldr-Salir

Stem ChangeVerb

Por vs. Para

• Duration of an action• Means by which

something is done• Reason or motive for

an action• Exchange or

substitution• Object of search• Units of measure

• Destination• Purpose • In comparison • Done for someone else• Recipient of something• Deadline or specific time

in the future• Describes the purpose for

Commands

• Used when telling someone what to do

• Formal– Put in “yo” form of present indicative– Drop the “o”– Goes to opposite vowel

Present Perfect• Present perfect is made by having the main verb

and “have” or “has”• Drop the infinitive ending and add –ado or –ido

HanEllas/Ellos/Uds.

HabeisVosotros

HemosNosotros

HaElla/El/Ud.

HasTu

HeYo

endingForm

Double Object Pronouns

• Me– me

• Te– you

• Lo,La– Him, Her, It, You

• Nos– us

• Os– You-all

• Los,Las– Them, you-all

Lelo= seloLela= selaLelos= selosLelas= selasLeslo= seloLesla= selaLeslos= selosLeslas= selas

Adverbs

• Formed by adding –mente to the feminine sigular form of the adjective

Subjunctive

• Conjugate • Put in the “yo” form• Goes to opposite vowel• Wish/want• Emotion• Doubt• Denial• Impersonal Expression• Negation• God

Es importante que

Es necessario que

Es posible que

Es probable que

Ojala que

Se impersonal

• You would use “se” to avoid specifying the person who is acting out the verb

• ALWAYS in 3rd person

• Can be used in all tenses

Progressives with Ir/Andar/Seguir

• Ir- -ando/-iendo/-yendo– Slowly but surely ____ing

• Andar- -ando/-iendo/-yendo– Is going around ___ing

• Seguir- -ando/-iendo/-yendo– Is still ___ing