libro de gratimatica vm
TRANSCRIPT
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Libro de Gratimatica
Vanesa McCormick7th Period
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Tabla de Materias
1. Present 2. Stem Changers3. Irregulars *yo4. Saber Vs. Conocer5. Reflexives6. “se” impersonal7. Dipthongs 8. Verbs similar to gustar9. Irregular verbs ending in Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir10. Hace+__ +que+present pretense11. Imperfect12. Preterite Tense13. Comparatives/Superlatives14. Future
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Present
-ar, er, ir(Endings)
AR ER IRYo o o o
Tú as es es
El/Ella/Usted
a e e
Nosotros(as)
amos emos imos
Ellos(as)/Ustedes
an en en
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Stem Changers
1. “e” se convierte a “ie” - perder2. “e” se convierte a “i” - pedir3. “o” se convierte a “ue” - dormir4. “u” se convierte a “ue” - jugar
*It doesn’t change in the nosotros or vosotros form.
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Irregulars *yo
“go” verbs: caer, decir, oir, poner, hacer, tener, traer, venir
Oigo a me maestra.
“zco” verbs: (-cer/-cir), conocer, producir, conducir
Los demas- ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar
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Saber vs. Conocer
Saber- to know Conocer- to know
Which one do you choose? Use Saber to express knowledge or
information about a certain thing. Caleb sabe cienca.
Use Conocer to show recognizing a person, place, or object. Yo conozco a Claire.
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Los Reflexivos
Reflexives are what are reflected upon oneself or other
Me, te, se, nos, os, se
Lavarse (to wash): Me lavo mi cara. Peinarse (to comb): Te peinas pelo. Cepillarse (to brush): Se cepilla mis dientes. Pedirse (to ask): Nos pedimos a maestra. Levantarse (to get up): Os levantíos a mi cama. Rescarse (to stratch): Se rascan los brazos.
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“se” impersonal
“Se” Impersonal Used to make general statements
1. Passive Voice2. Reciprocal Action
Se + 3rd Person Form
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Dipthongs with accents
Enviar- to send Continuar- to continue Envío Enviamos Continúo Continuamos Envías Enviáis Continúas Continuáis Envía Envían Continúa Continúan
Esquiar- to ski Graduarse- to graduate
Esquío Esquiamos Me gradúo Nos graduamos Esqías Esquiáis Te gradúas Os graduáis Esquía Esquían Se gradúa Se gradúan
• Estudiar and Limpiar- no accents, stress not “,” E-studio, Limp-pia-mos
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Verbs Like… Uir/Guir
Uir/Guir Distinguir (to distinguish)
Distingo Distinguimos Distingues Distinguís Distingue Distinguen
Extinguir (to extinguish) Seguir (e→i)(to follow/continue) Conseguir (e→i)(to get, obtain, succeed in) Perseguir (e→i)(to pursue, persecute) Proseguir (e→i)(to continue)
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Verbs Like… Cer/Cir
Cer/Cir
Cocer (to cook): cuezo Torcer (to twist): tuerzo Mecer (to rock): mezo Ejercer (to practice a profession): ejerzo Vencer (to overcome): venzo Ofrecer (to offer): ofrezo Obedecer (to obey): obedezco
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Verbs Like… Ger/Gir
Ger/Gir Coger (to catch, grab)
Cojo Cogemos
Coges Cogéis Coge Cogen
Exiger (to demand) Exijo Exigimos Exiges Exigís Exige Exgen
*Exijo que los estudiantes hablen español.
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Verbs Like… Ger/Gir
Ger/Gir Proteger (to protect): protejo Escoger (to choose): escojo Recoger (to pick up): recojo Encoger (to shrink): encojo Dirigir (to direct): dirijo Fingir (to pretend): finjo Elegir (e→i)(to elect): elijo Corregir (e→i)(to correct): corrijo
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Hace+____ +que+present pretense
This equation tells how long it has been since the subject has done something. Hace un dia que ducho.
Add “no” in front of the verb to make the action negative. Hace tres dias que no camino mis
perros.
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Imperfect (irregulars)
era éramos
eras erias
era eran
iba ibamos
ibas ibais
iba iban
veía veíamos
veías veíais
veía veían
SER IR
VER
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Imperfect (trigger words)
a menudo a veces cada día con frecuencia
generalmente
mucho nunca siempre todas las semanas
todos los días
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Preterite Tense
Perfected action in
the past!
snapshot
AR ER/IR
YO é íTÚ aste isteÉL/ELLA/USTED
ó ió
NOSOTROS amos imosELLOS(AS)/UDS.
aron ieron
Esto es el preterito!
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Preterite Tense (-car,-gar,-zar & Snake/Snakey)
-CAR -GAR -ZAR
YO FORM*only
qué gué cé
Leí Leímos
Leíste Leísteis
Leyó Leyeron
SNAKE”Y”
Verbs such as Leer, Creer, and Oir change the “i’ to ‘y” in 3rd Person
Stem changers:
Dormir
DormíDormisteDurmioDormimosDurmieron
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Preterite Tense (spock)
IR/SER
Fui
Fuiste
Fue
Fuimos
Fueron
DAR VER
Di Vi
Diste Viste
Dio Vio
Dimos Vimos
Dieron Vieron
HACER
Hice
Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicieron
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Preterite Tense (La Cucaracha)Andar Anduv-
Estar Estuv-
Poder Pud-
Poner Pus-
Querer Quis-
Saber Sup-
Tener Tuv-
Venir Vin-
Conducir Conduj-
Producir Produj-
Traducir Traduj-
Decir Dij-
Traer Traj-
EIsteO
ImosIsteisIeron
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Preterite Tense (Trigger Words)
Anteayer, el dia anterior, ayer, la semana pasada, el fin de semana pasado, el mes pasado, ayer por la manana, ayer por la tarde, el otro dia, una vez, esta tarde, esta manana, anoche, esta noche
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Comparatives/Superlatives
Less than, greater than, equal to
Más/Menos + + que
Verb + que Tan + +como
Tantos + (noun) + como
Verb + Tanto como
AdjectiveAdverbNoun
“de” is used when you have a number instead of “que” Más/Menos
AdjectiveAdverb
SinglePlural
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Future Infinitive +
É Ás Á Emos Án
Vivir, comer, hablar (all ar,er,ir verbs) te amare’
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Ir+A+infinitive (Immediate future)
“WILL”Factor
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Future
Decir: dir- to say Haber: habr- there to be; to have Hacer: har- to make, do Poder: podr- to be able Poner: pondr- to put, place, set Querer: querr- to want, love Saber: sabr- to know(fact), know how Salir: saldr- to leave, go out Tener: tendr- to have Valer: valdr- to be worth Venir: vendr- to come