Autotrophic nutrition-

1. Autotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which organisms

synthesize their own organic food.

2. They use simple inorganic substances present in the surroundings

for

this process.

3. Such organisms are called autotrophs. Most of the plants are

autotrophs.

Heterotrophic nutrition-

1. Heterotrophic nutrition is the mode of nutrition in which

organisms depend on other organisms for their food. Such

organisms are called heterotrophs.

2. Different organisms use different strategies to obtain food

depending upon their body design, organization, functioning and

also availability of food material.

Eg. : (a) Fungi like yeast, mushroom and some carnivorous plants

break down the food material into simple substances outside the

body and then absorb it.

(b) Some organisms take in whole food and then break it down to simple

substances inside their bodies and then absorb it. Eg. human being,

cat, cow etc.

(c) Some animals and plants derive nutrition from other plants or animals

without killing them but during the process they harm the host plant

or animal. Eg. cuscuta, ticks, lice, leeches, tapeworms etc.

1. Ingestion : The act of taking food inside.

2. Digestion : The process of breaking down of complex organic food

into simpler soluble substances. This is done mechanically by teeth

and chemically with the help of enzymes.

3. Absorption : After digestion is completed soluble digested food is

absorbed into the blood.

4. Assimilation : The absorbed food is transported into tissues and

cells of the body where they are used to produce energy or for

growth and development or stored for future use.

5. Egestion : The undigested and unabsorbed residues of food are

thrown out of the body.

Basic steps of nutrition in all animals

SMALL INTESTINE

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

TRANSPORTATION OF WATER

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

HUMAN HEART

LYMPH SYSTEM

XYLEM VESSEL EXPERIMENT

MOVEMENT OF WATER

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON

STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY

STRUCTURE OF BOEMANS CAPSULE