light search and rescue operations - fema.gov · unit 5: light search and rescue operations . 5-3...

Light Search and Rescue Operations

CERT Basic Training Unit 5

Consists of three separate operations Sizeup: Using 9-step, continual model Search: Locating survivors and documenting Rescue: Extricating survivors

5-1

Search and Rescue

CERT Basic Training Unit 5: Light Search and Rescue Operations

5-2

Decision based on three factors The risks involved for the rescuer Greatest good for the greatest number Resources and manpower available

Deciding to Attempt Rescue


5-3

Rescue greatest number in shortest amount of time

Get walking wounded out first Rescue lightly trapped survivors next Keep the rescuer safe

Goals of Search and Rescue


5-4

Depends on: Effective sizeup Rescuer safety Survivor safety

Effective Search and Rescue


Identify sizeup requirements Describe most common search techniques Use safe techniques for debris removal Use safe techniques for survivor

extrication Describe ways to protect rescuers

5-5

Unit Objectives


Safety During Search and Rescue Operations

Conducting Interior and Exterior Searches Conducting Rescue Operations

5-6

Unit Topics


REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A

CONTINUAL PROCESS

1. Gather Facts 2. Assess Damage 3. Consider Probabilities 4. Assess Your Situation 5. Establish Priorities 6. Make Decisions 7. Develop Plan of Action 8. Take Action 9. Evaluate Progress

5-7

CERT Sizeup


Gather Facts Time of event and

day of the week Construction

type/terrain Occupancy Weather Hazards

5-8

Sizeup: Step 1


Assess and Communicate Damage The CERT mission changes if: Damage is light Damage is moderate Damage is heavy

5-9

Sizeup: Step 2


Superficial Broken windows Superficial cracks or

breaks in wall surface Minor damage to the

interior contents Safe to enter and remain

5-10

Light Damage


Visible signs of damage Decorative work

damaged or fallen Many visible cracks

or breaks in wall Major damage to

interior contents Building still on

foundation Enter only to save lives

5-11

Moderate Damage


Partial or total collapse

Tilting Obvious

structural instability

Building off foundation

5-12

Do not enter a building with heavy damage under any

circumstances

Heavy Damage


Consider Probabilities How stable is the situation? What else could go wrong? What does it mean for the search and

rescue?

5-13

Sizeup: Step 3


Assess Your Situation Is the situation safe enough to continue? What risks will rescuers face? What resources are needed? What resources are available?

5-14

Sizeup: Step 4


Personnel Firefighters Police Nurse, M.D. Contractor

Tools Crowbars Auto jacks Chainsaws

Equipment

5-15

Rescue Resources


Establish Priorities What should be done? In what order? How to rescue the

greatest number in the shortest amount of time?

5-16

Sizeup: Step 5


Make Decisions Keep in mind: Safety of CERT members Life safety for survivors and others Protection of the environment Protection of property

5-17

Sizeup: Step 6


Develop Plan of Action Focus operation on established priorities

and decisions Provide for documentation to give to

responding agencies Provide for documentation to become part

of CERT records

5-18

Sizeup: Step 7


Take Action Based on plan

developed during Step 7

5-19

Sizeup: Step 8


Sizeup: Step 9

REMEMBER: CERT SIZEUP IS A

CONTINUAL PROCESS

Evaluate Progress Most critical step Monitor plans

effectiveness and safety

5-20 CERT Basic Training Unit 5: Light Search and Rescue Operations

Make rescuer safety

primary concern Use a buddy system Be alert for hazards Use safety equipment Rotate teams

5-21

Specific Safety Considerations


5-22

If you see collapsed floors or walls, get out!

Pancake Void

V Void

Lean-to Void

X X

X X

X

X X

X = Voids

Structural Voids


5-23

Individual Voids

Spaces where survivors may seek protection Bathtubs Underneath desks Inside cabinets Under/next to beds Inside closets


5-24

Upon entering search area: Make a slash Enter info

Upon leaving search area: Complete X Enter info

CERT I.D.

Search Markings

Date Time In

Time Out

Areas Searched

Survivors


5-25

CERT I.D.

Areas Searched

Date Time In

Time Out

Victims

What information do you mark?

Search Markings


5-26

CERT-23 FL 1-2 searched

Stairs to FL-3 unsafe

2/15/08 In: 1430

Out: 1515

2L Moved to

CERT-23 med ops

Example:

Search Markings


Call out to survivors, If anyone can hear my voice, come here

Ask any survivors who do respond for more information about the building or others who may be trapped

Survivors might be in shock or confused

5-27

Search Methodology


Bottom-up/top-down for a multi-story building

Right wall/left wall for a single floor

Stop frequently to listen

5-28

Search Methodology


Stop frequently to listen for: Tapping Movement Voices

5-29

Search Methodology


Triangulation allows rescuers to view a location from several perspectives

5-30

Search Methodology


Keep records of rescued survivors and of those who remain trapped or are dead

Report information to emergency services personnel

5-31

Search Methodology


5-32

Set up a grid search Set distance between

searchers according to visibility and debris Overlap patterns for full

coverage Search in as straight a line

as possible Mark areas that have been

searched

Exterior Search


Remove objects and

debris to free survivors and create safe rescue environment

Triage survivors Remove survivors Remove debris

5-33

Rescue Operations


Maintain rescuer safety Triage in lightly and moderately

damaged buildings Evacuate survivors as quickly as

possible

5-34

Creating a Safe Environment


Know your limitations Follow safety procedures Remove debris by: Leveraging Cribbing

5-35

Precautions to Minimize Risk


5-36

Back straight Bend knees Keep load close

to body Push up with

legs

Proper Lifting Procedures


5-37

For heavy lifting Performed in tandem Helps extricate survivors

Various materials and objects may be used

Leveraging and Cribbing


Self removal or assist

Lifts and drags

5-38

Two Types of Removal


General stability of the immediate environment

Number of rescuers available

Strength and ability of the rescuers

Condition of survivor

5-39

Which Extrication Method?


Lift around survivors back and under knees

Lift survivor by keeping your own back straight and lifting with legs

5-40

One-Person Arm Carry


5-41

Pack-Strap Carry


5-42

Two-Person Carry


5-43

Chair Carry


5-44

Blanket Carry


5-45

Log Rolling


5-46

Blanket Drag


You should know: How to decide whether to attempt rescue The objectives of interior and exterior search

and rescue How to perform search and rescue sizeup Building markings Rescue functions How to remove debris How to extricate survivors

5-47

Unit Summary


1. Read unit to be covered in next session 2. Bring necessary supplies to next session 3. Wear appropriate clothes to next session

5-48

Homework Assignment


Light Search and Rescue OperationsSlide Number 2Slide Number 3Slide Number 4Slide Number 5Slide Number 6Slide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14Slide Number 15Slide Number 16Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Slide Number 19Slide Number 20Sizeup: Step 9Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Individual VoidsSlide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29Slide Number 30Slide Number 31Slide Number 32Slide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Slide Number 36Slide Number 37Slide Number 38Slide Number 39Slide Number 40Slide Number 41Slide Number 42Slide Number 43Slide Number 44Slide Number 45Slide Number 46Slide Number 47Slide Number 48Slide Number 49

light search and rescue operations - fema.gov · unit 5: light search and rescue operations . 5-3...

Documents