lightweight insulation system for emergency...

Lightweight insulation system for

Emergency Shelter: The Air Shelter House Pillow.

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILT ENVIROMENTAL AND CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

PhD Eng. Pusceddu Cristina, Prof. Marco Imperadori, PhD Eng. Graziano Salvalai

DIRECT PROPORTIONALITY BETWEEN COST AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTED

Source: www.unhcr.org; www.ferrino.it; www.shelter-systems.com; www.quirumed.com; shelter.iaddicshelters.com.Low

High

New Technologies

• Goals: the best result to ensure internal comfort to users,especially during winter season and sustainable cost andconstruction

• Proposal: investigation of innovative insulation system,

flexible, lightweight and resistance, in balance betweencost and internal comfort.

• TRMS technology could be used:

TRM lifespan of 10 years allowing amortization ofinitial cost,

in different kinds of shelter or adapt from shelterto permanent houses,

Application in combination with low-costmaterials and technologies, as 3D printer system.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES:

Innovative insulation methodology developed from aerospace suit,

Non-toxic, user and building owner and environmentally safe building material;the products are typically recyclable and thus can be termed a Green BuildingMaterial;

Composed by different layers of aluminum foils, wadding and foam, reducedthickness, plus 2 air layer of 2 cm.

PHYSICAL FEATURES:

Radiation: low emissivity of ε ≈ 0.1, which can considerably reduce the amountof heat transfer reflecting most of the incident radiation energy (up to 97%).

Convection: The layers of foam reduce thermal loss limiting the cold airinfiltration in the winter, and warm air infiltration in the summer.

Conduction: limited to the 2 air gaps which avoid materials to be in contactwith the surface to be insulated.

LABORATORY EXPERIMENT performed with GUARDED HOT PLATE APPARATUS:(Measurement Mechanical Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano, Lecco’s Campus)

• Standard ISO 6946:2007, Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance: calculation method and UNI CEI ENV 13005:2000, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.

• 2 different tester: TRM* (25 mm thick; 19 layer) TRMS (with a polyester membrane with 1 cm of air gaps)

SET POINT TEMPERATURE N. TEST REPETITION N. TEST CONSIDER

1 40° TRM 100 LAST 30

2 60° TRM 100 LAST 30

3 40° TRMS 100 LAST 30

*ACTIS TRISO Super 10, ACTIS SPA.

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R-VALUE OF TRM TESTS 25 mm THICK (M2K/W)

TRM/TRMS TEST RESULTS:

TRMS

TRM

Test In Situ

• Thermal performance improvement: λ of 0,04 W/mK for TRM and λ of 0,038 W/mKfor TRMS considering polyester membranes too.

Based on literature studies concerning TRMS

TRNSYS SIMULATIONbetween basic tent and TRMS envelope

• Location: Belgrade (Meteonorm database)• Winter scenario (January) without heating

system• No windows in order to better study

envelope performances• 3 different studies:

*Base Case: standard shelter Floor: U=6.40 W/m2KRoof: U= 1.61W/m2KDoor/End: U = 2.42 W/m2K

Case1: TRMS envelope inside polyester membrane for roof and floor.

Case2: TRMS envelope inside polyester membrane + LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) membrane and canvas exposed to inner side

MODEL DATA

• 5.80 m length; 5.10 m width

• medium internal height of 2.20 m

• Available for 10 persons; volume of 59.40 m3

• surface area 96.8 m2.

*P. Manfield, Modelling of a Cold Climate Emergency Shelter: Prototype and Comparison withthe United Nations Winter Tent, Martin Centre, Cambridge, 2000; C.Crawford, P.Manfield, A.McRobie, Assessing the thermal performance of an emergency shelter system, Energy andBuilding 37 (2005),pp. 471-483

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UNHRC-Base Case Air shelter - Case 1 Air shelter - Case 2 Tamb Global radiation

*SALVALAI, G, IMPERADORI, M, SCACCABAROZZI,D, PUSCEDDU, C 2015 “ THERMAL PERFORMANCEMEASUREMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MULTILAYER INSULATOR FOR EMERGENCY ARCHITECTURE”.JOURNAL OF APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 82, PP. 110–119. AVAILABLE FROM: <HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/S1359431115001945> [27 MARCH 2015].

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Air ShelterCase 1

Air shelterCase 2

UNHRCBase Case

LOW ENERGY CONSUPTION

*SALVALAI, G, IMPERADORI, M,SCACCABAROZZI,D, PUSCEDDU,C 2015 “ THERMALPERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTAND APPLICATION OF AMULTILAYER INSULATOR FOREMERGENCY ARCHITECTURE”.JOURNAL OF APPLIED THERMALENGINEERING, VOL. 82, PP.110–119. AVAILABLE FROM: <HTTP://WWW.SCIENCEDIRECT.COM/SCIENCE/ARTICLE/PII/S1359431115001945> [27 MARCH2015].

AIR SHELTER HOUSE PILLOW

• Based on TRMS: λ of 0,038 W/mK (internal layer)

• Low cost and 3d Printer materials:

Polyester: λ of 0,05 W/mK (Membrane)

ABS: λ of 0,18 W/mK (joints)

Nylon : λ of 0,23 W/mK (joints)

• Dimensions according with ISO 6346:1995.

• Assembly without specific tools and unskilled people.

• Faster than traditional application.

THERM SIMULATION SPECIFICATIONAND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:

• UNI EN ISO 13788:2013.• 1 meter from the point of interest,

UNI 10211-1:1998.• External temperature UNI 10349:1994• Italian standard: measurement

uncertain is fixed at 2%

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:• BC.1_ Superficial thermal resistance

value for all internal surfaceRsi = 0,25 m2K/W

• BC.2_ Superficial thermal resistancevalue for all external surfaceRse = 0,04 m2K/W

• BC.3_ Internal air temperature Ti = 21°Te=26°

• BC.4_ TRM have an Emmisivity valueof 0,01 according with Seriacaroupinet al. (2007)

Source photo: Vanoncini S.P.A.

CONNECTION WITH STRUCTURE:

• Panels/Joints modularity

• Easy systems to be assembly as a normal insulation panel

• Nylon, possibility to print by 3D systems

• Commercial solutions easy to apply and to use

• Possible *seismic-proof construction because of structure and envelope connection.

COMMON NYLON JOINTS

*ISDR, BRR, Special Unit for South-South Cooperation & UNDP2007, Handbook on Good Building Design and Construction.Aceh and Nias Islands, UNDP Regional Centre in Bangkok,Bangkok, Thailand

Horizontal Application

Vertical Application

PACKAGES:

• 5 easy steps, where air are removed, and the panel is rolled

• Cylinder of 0,26 x 1,15 x 0,21 m, easy to transport, with a weight of 700 g/m2

• Dimensions according with ISO 6346:1995 concerning containers code, to be submultiples.

Post earthquake camp 2009, Abruzzo, Italy. Source: www.croceviolafirenze.org.

ASH APPLICATION STUDIES

• RECONSTRUCTION : new envelope are performed using TRMS to replace asbestos insulation.

• NEW CONSTRUCTION case studies of housing prototype investigation on shelter design.

Project Metabolizing Metabolism. Render by Atelier 2

Nakagin Tower capsule, Saitama museum, Japan. Source: Cristina Pusceddu

RECONSTRUCTION : Nakagin Tower, Kisho Kurokawa, 1972, Tokyo, Japan.

• Improvement of thermal performance in a safe way

• Preservation of the original structure.

• Recycling of the original building elements.

• Internal space preservation.

THERMAL PERFORMANCES :

• RECONSTRUCTION:

U = 0,165 W/m2K

Insulation of original structure.

Envelope thickness only 9 cm.

• CURRENT STATUS:

U = 1,48 W/m2K

Toxic material

Internal overheating

Design based on Taisei Coorporation Documents

• 13 % more of internal space with ainternal skin of 9 cm, and flexible design.

• Recycling of the original buildingelements in a safe way.

NTC WITH ASH Pillow

NTC WITH ASBESTOS

WINTER SEASON

Text = 5,5°CTint = 21°C

Twall = 12,3°CTroof = 13,1°C

WINTER SEASON

Text = 5,5°CTint = 21°C

Twall = 20,1°CTroof = 20,5°C

Based on Azzolini, Beretta, Cerri thesis work.

Scaffold House Workshop, Lecco, October 4th 2013

• WORKSHOP and RESEARCH:

Optimizing building system construction

Optimizing building system performances

NEW CONSTRUCTION: Scaffold House

• PROJECT: Thesis work “ Emergency Thermo-reflective units, system design based on scaffolding for the construction industry”, 2012, Politecnico di Milano. Students Elisabetta Azzolini, Elisa Beretta e Fabiola Cerri, supervised by Prof. Marco Imperadori

• SCAFFOLD SYSTEM: Type Marcegaglia SM8, scaffold multy-level system design the units single module of 17,50 m2

Frame is repeated any 1,140 m

PROJECT COMPONENTS

• SANDWICH PANEL: Type Marcegaglia PD2, weight of 12, 92 kg/m2 and thermal conductivity of 0,17

W/m2K.

Scaffold House Workshop, Lecco, October 4th 2013

Based on Azzolini, Beretta, Cerri thesis work.

RESEARCH ENVELOPE

Faster and practical assembly, to involve easily locals in the process. (1 day by unskilled team of 10 persons)

• Thermal performance : 0,15 W/m2K,

• Possible seismic-proof construction because of pillar and envelope connection.

• Internal skin could be disassembled and reuse in another context.

SCAFFOLD HOUSE THESIS ENVELOPE

SCAFFOLD HOUSE RESEARCH ENVELOPE

THESIS ENVELOPE

Traditional application

• Thermal performance : 0,15 W/m2K,

• Impairment of the insulation material

PAPERBOARD HOUSE

• PROJECT:Thesis work working in progress,Politecnico di Milano. StudentsAntonella Colistra, Pietro Giameiand Giorgio Ratti, supervised byProf. Marco Imperadori.

• WORKSHOP AND RESEARCH:

Optimizing building system performances

• 2 WORKSHOP:

ESPE , Lecco, October 3th 2013

ESPE , Lecco, October 3th 2013

Source: Colistra, Giamei, Ratti thesis work.

• CARDBOARD WALL THERMALPERFORMANCE:First transmittance estimatedby the software THERM.

0,25 W/m2K

25 cm of thickness

• PLASTERWORK TEST: Tester replacing the cardwallsare performed in order to study plaster application and performance, in collaboration with KNAUF Company.

RESEARCH IMPROVEMENT:

• Faster and practical assembly, to involve easily locals in the process, and possible reuse.

• Improvement of roof thermal performance_ Troof= 7,2 °C Troof= 20,6 °C.

• Possible seismic-proof construction because of structure connection.

Source: Section design based on Colistra, Giamei, Ratti thesis work.

Tcorner= 11 °C

Tcorner= 18,1 °C

As recognized from the Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,“everyone have the right to adequate housing”.

(UN-HABITAT 2009, The right to adequate housing, United Nation, Geneva, Switzerland. UNHCR 2014 Global strategy for settlement and shelter: a UNHCR strategy for 2014-2018, United Nations, Item No 05353, Geneva, Switzerland.)

(Smokey Mountains, Manila, Philippines. Source: Cristina Pusceddu)

• HOUSING SYSTEM DURABILITY: Lifespan of TRM of 10 years, closer to the behavior of permanent house Reuse inside different disaster management phases

• SAFE AND LOGISTIC PERFORMANCE: ability to tie the system to the structure lightweight of the materials, easy transport and disassembly.

• THERMAL PERFOMANCES AND MODULARITY: λ 0,038 W/mK, Modularity flexibility to combine the ASH with different types of

structures/materials

• REDUCE COST: Less then 31% total cost for housing construction sector(World Bank 2014); 95% additional cost for technology ( Montana PNEU-TEX Ferrino 354,00$ vs Base Model 16,50 $)

Reuse of the technology and locals structure Use of local building construction techniques Amortization of the technology cost by 32%

CONCLUSION

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

PhD Eng. Cristina PUSCEDDU

POLITECNICO di MILANO

[email protected]

www.cristinapusceddu.com

Prof. Marco IMPERADORI


[email protected]

www.polimi.it/

PhD Eng. Graziano Salvalai


[email protected]

www.polimi.it/