HOMENot to know is bad. Not to want to know is worse. Not to hope is unthinkable. Not to care is unforgivable. Nigerian sayingWelcome to our page..Enjoy yourself by using this interactive module and have fun while learning!!!Learn Lines And Lettering in Engineering Drawing!You will be able to identify the alphabet of lines in engineering drawing, draw lines correctly and use different lettering shapes.. More and more inside..

.l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.BACK TO INTRO

1.1 ALPHABET OF LINES1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWING .l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.TAKE A BREAK

A. 3 characteristics of alphabet of lines are as follows:FormUsage Darkness and thicknessB. To draw lines using the correct darkness level, use:HB grade Dark and heavy linesH grade dark and light lines2H grade - light lines1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF ALPHABET OF LINES

C. To draw lines must consider the thickness of lines, use:A small point (0.25 0.3mm) for light linesLarge point (0.5 0.7mm) for heavy lines

1.1.2 LINES IN ENGINEERING DRAWINGSConstruction LineObject LineHidden LineCentre LinePlane Cutting LineDimensional LineShort Break LineLong Break LinePhantom LineAdditional/Projection LineLight Dark and heavy Dark and light Dark and light Dark and heavy Dark and light Dark and light Dark and light Dark and light Dark and light ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

A. Construction LineInfo:Use 2H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

B. Center LinesInfo:Use H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

C. Object LinesInfo:Use HB/ 0.5-0.7mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

D. Phantom LinesInfo:Use H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

E. Hidden LinesInfo:Use HB/ 0.3 -0.5mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

F. Dimension LinesInfo:Use H/0.25mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

G. Long Break LinesInfo:Use H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

H. Short Break LinesInfo:Use H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

I. Plane Cutting LinesInfo:Use HB/0.5-0.7mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

J. Additional/Projection LinesInfo:Use H/0.3mm pencil ShortAdditionalLongPlane Cutting Dimension CenterPhantomObjectHiddenConstructionx

1.2TYPES OF LINES There are several types often used in engineering drawing. Fives types: Perpendicular linesParallel linesInclined linesVertical linesHorizontal lines .l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.

Drawing Horizontal linesThe head of the T-square must always be placed closely against the drawing boardHorizontal lines1

Drawing Vertical linesTip:You have to know the correct method of creating lines neat lines. Make sure:The pencil point always sharp. If you are using a mechanical pencil, make sure the grade of darkness and size are appropriate. The usual sizes are 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7mmThe pencil point must always be contact with the paper as to apply uniform pressure during line drawing.To obtain a uniform line darkness and thickness, turn the pencil body little (about half a turn) while drawing 1

a) Drawing 15 inclined linesDrawing inclined lines 53461 2

b) Drawing 30 inclined lines

c) Drawing 45 inclined lines

d) Drawing 60 inclined lines

e) Drawing 75 inclined lines

f) Drawing 75 inclined lines on the AB lineAB

Place the set square so that its parallel the inclined lineDrawing Parallel linesSlide the set square to the position where theparallel lines are to be drawnDraw the parallel lineNotes :Parallel lines are lines which have the same distance between them

Place the set square at 45 so that it is parallel to the inclined line.Drawing Perpendicular linesSlide the 45 square to that point where theperpendicular line is to be drawn. Draw the perpendicular lineNotes :perpendicular lines are lines that have 90 angle between them

90

1.3LETTERING Used to document a drawing. Must be done without the use of ruler. Each letter is written in uniform size, height, width and line thickness.1.3.1 Types of Lettering1.3.2 Lettering Techniques .l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101.3.1 Types Of Letteringi) The Standard upright letters Written at 90 on the guide line. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N 2BACK 1

2A B C D E F G H I J K L M N Oii) The standard inclined letters. Written according to a slant range of between 60 and 75 on the guide line.BACK1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 1

1.3.2 Lettering Techniques Use single stroke technique. The arrows show the direction of the pencil point while writing.

Use the same pressure while writing from top to bottom and left to right. Write carefully so the letters touch the guide lines.

i) Guide Lines Used to set the height of the letters. Drawn by using 2H pencil grade. Do not erase the guide line after the lettering is done. The space between the lines is half the height of a letter.ORTOGRAPHICISOMETRICHH HGuide Line

ii) Space Between Letters and Words Space between letters must be about the same.LINESL TTERSTo estimate distance between words, imagine the letter O in between the words.LINESANDLETTERINGSE

iii) Lettering Uniformity Important to produce good drawings. Uniform in style, size, inclination, weight and space. Carelessness might result in mistakes.ENGINEERING DRAWINGS

iv) Examples of Common Mistakes in LetteringL E t T E r I N GL E T T E R I N GL E T T E R I N GLET T E R INGL E T T E R I N GLettering style not uniformLettering height not uniformLettering inclination not uniformLettering thickness not uniform Lettering space not uniform

1.4 TRACING AND INKINGThe process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen.The product of tracing is called inked drawing.Inked drawing may be printed using a blue printing machine.1.4.1Tracing and Inking Materials1.4.2Drawing Tracing and Inking Method .l i n e s a n d l e t t e r i n g.

1.4.1Tracing and Inking Materials

a) Tracing Paper

A thin semitransparent paper.

Placed on top of the original drawing.

The drawing on the tracing paper is used as the

master copy for reprinting on the blue print machine.

1

b) Technical pen Used to ink drawing on the tracing paper. Various pen point sizes from 0.1mm to 2mm. Can be assembled with compass to draw arcs circles. A technical has to be capped after used, if not its ink will dry out. Avoid dropping the technical pen so that the point does not break.2

1.4.2Drawing Tracing and Inking Method Kept away all equipments and materials. Use the sticky tape to set the position of the drawing. Mistakes can be erased using a blade or ink eraser.1

Step 2Ink all horizontal lines.Step 1Ink all centres, arcs andcircles.Step 3Ink all vertical lines including hidden lines. Step 4Ink all dimension linesIncluding all the details.O 44O 30603015i) Inking method

ii) Inking ResultExamples of good and poor inking. Good Poor SuggestionMake sure the pen point does not go beyond the line and in contact too long at the beginning and at the end of the line.1.

SuggestionMake sure the pen point is really in the middle of the tracing paper.SuggestionMake sure the pen point is not in contact too long at the beginning and at the end of line.Good Bad Good Bad 2.3.

SuggestionMake sure the arrow head is sharp and pointed.SuggestionMake sure the tangent line is connected neatly.Good Bad Good Bad 4.5.

SuggestionMake sure the hidden lines are neat and uniform.Good Bad6.

QUIZ SESSIONSTART HEREBreak a leg!!Hi.. My name is Spongebob, i will help you to complete this easy test..!!Time For Quiz!!!Something awaits you at the end of the quiz.. Check it out!HOME

What is the lines that is used in the early stages of drawing?A. Construction lineB. Short break lineC. Object lineD. Centre line

Your answer is CORRECT!!NextQuestionWhat is the lines that is used in the early stages of drawing?A. Construction lineB. Short break lineC. Object lineD. Centre line

SORRY, Your answer is WRONGTry AgainWhat is the lines that is used in the early stages of drawing?A. Construction lineB. Short break lineC. Object lineD. Centre line

What is the lines that is used to show dissected plane?A. Additional/ Projection lineD. Hidden lineB. Long break lineC. Cutting line

Your answer is CORRECTNextQuestionWhat is the lines that is used to show dissected plane?A. Additional/ Projection lineD. Hidden lineB. Long break lineC. Cutting line

SORRY, Your answer is WRONGTry AgainWhat is the lines that is used to show dissected plane?A. Additional/ Projection lineD. Hidden lineB. Long break lineC. Cutting line

Which characteristics of alphabet of lines are correct?I.Darkness and thicknessII. AreaIII. UsageIV. FormA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV B. I, II and III only

Your answer is CORRECT!!NextQuestionWhich characteristics of alphabet of lines are correct?I.Darkness and thicknessII. AreaIII. UsageIV. FormA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV B. I, II and III only

SORRY, Your answer is WRONGTry AgainWhich characteristics of alphabet of lines are correct?I.Darkness and thicknessII. AreaIII. UsageIV. FormA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV B. I, II and III only

4. Which form of line best described phantom line?A.B.C.D.

Your answer is CORRECTNextQuestion4. Which form of line best described phantom line?A.B.C.D.

SORRY, Your answer is WRONG..Try Again4. Which form of line best described phantom line?A.B.C.D.

Table above shows types of pen point sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?A. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV onlyB. I and IV only

Your answer is CORRECTNextQuestionTable above shows types of pen point sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?A. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV onlyB. I and IV only

5.Table above shows types of pen point sizes and their uses. Which of the following is correct?A. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, II, III and IV onlyB. I and IV onlySORRY, Your answer is WRONG..Try Again

Which phrases below best described the definition of Tracing and Inking?

A.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. B.Tracing and inking are the process of drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. C.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper . D.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical pen.

NextQuestionWhich phrases below best described the definition of Tracing and Inking?

A.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. B.Tracing and inking are the process of drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. C.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper . D.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical pen.Your answer is CORRECT!!

Try AgainWhich phrases below best described the definition of Tracing and Inking?

A.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. B.Tracing and inking are the process of drawing onto a tracing paper using technical pen. C.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing onto a tracing paper . D.Tracing and inking are the process of copying an original drawing using technical pen.SORRY, Your answer is WRONG..

7.The product of tracing is called ______.A. Tracing drawing B. Inked drawing C. Printing drawing D. Technical drawing

7.The product of tracing is called______.A. Tracing drawing B. Inked drawing C. Printing drawing D. Technical drawing Your answer is CORRECT!!NextQuestion

7.The product of tracing is called______.A. Tracing drawing B. Inked drawing C. Printing drawing D. Technical drawing SORRY, Your answer is WRONG..Try Again

What are the materials specifically used for tracing and inking process?I. Tracing paperII. Technical penIII. Mechanical pencilIV. Liquid paperA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, III and IV onlyB. I, II and III only

8.What are the materials specifically used for tracing and inking process?I.Tracing paperII.Technical penIII.Mechanical pencilIV.Liquid paperA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, III and IV onlyB. I, II and III onlyYour answer is CORRECT!!Next

What are the materials specifically used for tracing and inking process?I. Tracing paperII. Technical penIII. Mechanical pencilIV. Liquid paperA. I and II onlyC. I, II and IV onlyD. I, III and IV onlyB. I, II and III onlySORRY, Your answer is WRONG..Try Again

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